精讲-精练：专题六非谓语动词常考点.doc

专题六　非谓语动词常考点

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

非谓语
功能
形式
动名词
具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语
主动式
doing
被动式
being done
完成式
having done/having been done
现在
分词
表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语，宾补
一般式
doing
完成式
having done
过去
分词
表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语
一般式
done
进行式
being done
完成式
having been done
动词
不定式
表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等
一般式
to do/to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done/to have been done
　　动名词和不定式作主语
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：
To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.
②动名词作主语的句型。如：
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)
③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：
动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：
His coming made me happy.
I can't imagine his/him living there alone.
④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：
Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.

完成下列句子：
①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)．
②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)．
③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?
④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)．
⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.
⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.
⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.
【答案】①of you to believe what he said　②for him to do such a thing　③my/me smoking　④your/you arguing with him　⑤Going　⑥Being taken　⑦Being devoted
　　动名词和不定式作宾语
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：
attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)
②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：
acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主张)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)
③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：
have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed to
④to作为介词的短语有：
look forward to，pay attention to，object to＝be opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to＝contribute to(sb. doing/being done)
⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doing
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋to do如：
I don't allow smoking in my room.
I don't allow him to smoke in my room.

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)．
③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.
④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.
【答案】①to meet　②being caught　③to be writing　④sailing　⑤to stop
　　注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做)
②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事
stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事
go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try to do　　努力、企图做
try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要……
mean doing　　(物)意味着
⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Don't you remember ________(see) the man before?
②I regret ________(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.
③Let's try ________(do) the work some other way.
④I didn't mean ________(hurt) your feeling.
⑤I'm so busy that I can't help ________(clean) the house with you.
⑥After we finished our homework，we went on ________(review) the new lesson.
【答案】①seeing　②to inform　③doing　④to hurt　⑤(to) clean　⑥to review
　　不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
①不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
②如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
③过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人……”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①His wish is ________(go) abroad.
②His hobby is________(collect) stamps.
③The most important thing is ________(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.
④What he should do is ________(work) hard.
⑤He felt ________(embarrass)．
【答案】①to go　②collecting　③to negotiate　④work
⑤embarrassed
　　分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词＋宾语＋动词不定式)：
ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer(喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray(请求)，remind(提醒)，beg(请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱赶)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。
②感官动词，如：see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。
使役动词have，make的用法(注意have作为“有”的用法)：使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。
③catch，find，get，leave，keep，set，send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①I often hear him ________(sing) the song.
I often hear the song________(sing)．
I heard him ________(sing) the song when I passed by.
I heard the song ________(sing) when I passed by.
②I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything ________(take) to your son?
I won't have you ________(talk) to him like that!
I had him ________(repair) my bike.
I had my bike ________(repair)．
You shouldn't have the light ________(burn) all the night.
③His letter left me ________(feel) pretty bad.
He left the work________(unfinish)．
You can leave him ________(finish) the work.
What she said set me ________(think)．
The push sent him ________(fall) down.
【答案】①sing；sung；singing；being sung　②to be taken；talking；repair；repaired；burning　③feeling；unfinished；to finish；thinking；falling
　　分词和动词不定式作状语的区别
分词作状语，除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。
动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital.
②________(give) more time，I will finish the work.
③________(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine.
④He was excited ________(hear) the news.
⑤He did all he could ________(help) people in need.
⑥The place he referred to is hard ________(find)．
【答案】①Turning　②Given　③Waiting　④to hear　⑤to help　⑥to find
　　不定式和分词作定语的区别
不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。
此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定语。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①The meeting________(hold) tomorrow is important.
②The meeting________(hold) now is important.
③The meeting ________(hold) yesterday was important.
【答案】①to be held　②being held　③held
　　现在分词与过去分词的区别
现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系；而过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(see) from the top of the hill，the people on the street look like ants.
________(see) the scene，the people on the street let out a cry of joy.
②The room________(face) south is our classroom.
The room ________(paint) white is mine.
③When I returned，I found the door ________(lock)．
When I returned，I found him ________(watch) TV.
【答案】①Seen；Seeing　②facing；painted　③locked；watching
　　“疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
When________(start) has not been decided.
【答案】to start
　　only to do，never to do，only doing
only to do意为“结果却”；
never to do意为“结果却再没有”；
only doing意为“只是做”。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①He was busy writing a story，only________(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
②He hurried there，only ________(tell) the train had left.
③He left home，never________(hear) from.
【答案】①stopping　②to be told　③to be heard
　　一致性
不定式和分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。

完成下列句子：
①______________ the film(看电影的时候)，he cried.
②________ the film(看电影的时候)，tears came down his face.
【答案】①When he saw/Seeing　②When he saw/He seeing
　　with复合结构
with后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动)、过去分词(表被动)、不定式(表将来)。with复合结构在句中作原因或伴随状语，还可以作定语。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①With a lot of homework ________(finish)，I can't go with you.
②With a lot of homework ________(finish)，I went home and had a rest.
③With a boy ________(help) us，we found the place easily.
【答案】①to finish　②finished　③helping
　　独立主格结构
独立主格结构的构成：
①名词(代词)＋现在分词(与前面构成主动关系)；
②名词(代词)＋过去分词(与前面构成被动关系)；
③名词(代词)＋不定式(表将来)；
④名词(代词)＋副词；
⑤名词(代词)＋形容词；
⑥名词(代词)＋介词短语；
⑦名词(代词)＋名词。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
The test finished, we began our holiday.
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.

完成下列句子：
①Many people were missing，most of ________ women.
＝Many people were missing，most of ________were women.
②Time ________(permit)(＝If time permits)，we will go there.
③Time ________(give)(＝If time is given)，I will finish it alone.
【答案】①them；whom　②permitting　③given
　　评注性分词
评注性分词有：judging from/by(按照……判断)，considering(就……而言)，generally speaking(总的来说)，talking/speaking of(说起)。但是注意区别judge和consider作为及物动词时的用法。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(judge) from his accent，he is from Hunan.
________(judge) to be the best，he was honoured.
②________(consider) his age，he has done well.
________(consider) as one of the biggest cities in the world，Shanghai is very popular now.
【答案】①Judging；Judged　②Considering；Considered
　　被动形式表主动意义的几个动词
be seated＝sit，be located＝lie，be dressed in＝wear，be left＝remain，be devoted to＝devote oneself to。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Do you know the girl________(seat) under the tree?
②There are many problems________(remain) to be solved.
There are many problems ________(leave) unsolved.
③________(devote) to science，he will be remembered forever.
________(devote) all his life to science，he will be remembered forever.
【答案】①seated　②remaining；left　③Devoted；Devoting
　　非谓语动词的完成式和否定式
当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，要用完成式。非谓语动词的否定式放在不定式、动名词或分词前。

用括号里所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(see) his mother，the child smiled.
②________(see) the film many times，I know it well.
③________(show) around the lab，the visitors were taken to the library.
④His mother told him ________(not leave) his work unfinished.
⑤He looked forward ________(not cancel) the concert.
⑥________(not receive) his answer，I decided to write to him again.
【答案】①Seeing　②Having seen　③Having been shown/Shown　④not to leave　⑤to not cancelling　⑥Not having received
　　判断用并列谓语还是非谓语
有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语。现在分词作状语，表伴随动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行。并列谓语之间有and, 用在最后一个谓语前，构成A and B, 或A、B and C; 否则，要把其中一个变为非谓语。

①At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ______ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting　　　　　　　B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
②As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______， and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving
C. to move D. being moved
【答案】①D　②B
　　判断表示原因、伴随、结果还是表目的

①Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send
C. having sent D. to have sent
②I explained the theory as clearly as possible, ______ to make it easy ______.
A. to hope; to understand
B. hoped; understood
C. hoping; to understand
D. to hope; to be understood
【答案】①A　②C
　　there be 结构
there＋be＋名词＋doing/done/to do；
deny/appreciate/mind/imagine/admit＋介词＋there being；
want/expect/hope/wish/like/hate/would like/prefer/mean/intend＋there to be。
there being是独立主格结构。
There is no doing 意为“不可能……，无法……”。

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①There is a great deal of evidence ________(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
②The students expected there ________(be) more reviewing classes before the final exams.
③Ann never dreams of there ________(be)for her to be sent abroad very soon.
④There ________(be) no money left, I can't buy the book.
【答案】①indicating　②to be　③being　④being
　　不定式to后的省略
一般保留动词不定式符号to，若to后有助动词have, be, have been, 则也要保留。

①The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________．
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
②In my opinion, life in the twenty－first century is much easier than ________．
A. that used to be
B. it is used to
C. it was used to
D. it used to be
③—You should have worked harder.
—I know I ________．
A. ought to B. ought to have
C. should D. will
④—He wasn't helped yesterday.
—He ought to ________．
A. have B. be
C. have been D. have done
【答案】①A　②D　③B　④C
　　不定式to的省略
①不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式时，to要省略；
②不定式作感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略to；
③由并列连词and，except, but, than, or 连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to；
[注]如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略to。如：
It's easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
④动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to；
⑤“why not＋省略to的不定式(动词原形)”表示建议，意为“为什么不”；
“why ＋省略to的不定式(动词原形)”表示不赞成；
⑥动词不定式作but, except的宾语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式时，要省略to；
⑦不定式构成的特殊句式：
too 与ready, easy, willing, eager, anxious等形容词连用，此时不定式没有否定意义，too相当于very。如：
I am too willing to help you.
too在not, never, only, all, but后，不定式表示肯定含义。

①If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting
C. meet D. to meet
②—It's a long time since I saw my sister.
—________ her this weekend?
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D. Why don't visit
③The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
【答案】①D　②A　③B
　　连接词＋不定式
连接词和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的从句。如：
She must have time in which to grow calm.
She has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.

①She had no money ________ a birthday present for her children.
A. to buy with
B. buying
C. bought
D. with which to buy
②I've worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
【答案】①D　②B

1. (2014·江苏卷)The lecture ________， a lively question－and－answer session followed.
A. being given
B. having given
C. to be given
D. having been given
2. (2014·福建卷)________ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
A. Spending B. Spent
C. Having spe