TRIZ方法.ppt

QPP INTERNAL TRAINER TRAINING內部培訓師培訓內部培訓師培訓培訓部教材編寫組1TRIZ:解决矛盾的创造性方法解决矛盾的创造性方法2 605040302010图例:出错原因，75%出错的比例，80%acc.to Pfeifer 策划策划 生产生产 使用使用出错的比例%成本/每个错误-,101,-10,-100,-acc.to Pfeifer 策划策划 生产生产 使用使用产生的成本成本原因acc.to VDI 2234%策划策划 生产生产 使用使用产品早期策划的重要性3TRIZ用在何处？顾客要求重要度顾客评价顾客标竿比较技术难度技术评估技术标竿比较顾客要求与质量特性间的关系改进方向相关性质量特性顾客要求12456重要质量特性6616.质量屋构造过程3TRIZTRIZ方法方法4TRIZ-创造性地解决问题的方法 顾客需求技术参量要求可能导致矛盾5产品或服务设计初期矛盾的产生lPizza：Pizza经常作为外卖送到客户手中，用方形纸盒包装后送达。顾客希望得到的Pizza是热的，而且在享用时还是较脆的，但为了保温而使包装密闭的结果就是Pizza会变得软软的。l数码相机：普通顾客希望数码相机越小越好，易于携带且易于使用，并且不易引人注目。但是机器越小，使用者手的抖动越易反应出来，从而造成使用者不易获得清晰的图像。l上述两个例子都是在产品设计中遇到的物理矛盾。在铁路运输中也会遇到类似问题，比如，为了增加运量可在每节车厢中增加旅客人数，但这就会降低每位旅客的舒适性；为增加运量也可增加列车对数，但可能需要减少供电和工务的天窗维修时间，又会使设施欠维修，从而降低运行效率。这就产生了上面类似的矛盾。6如何解决这样的矛盾？对于上述问题，TRIZ 是有用的工具!7TRIZ 是什么?lTRIZ-俄文字头：创造性解决问题的理论lTRIZ 方法是俄国专利专家Genrich Altshuller在对超过二十万件专利进行研究之后得到的两个发现。l科学和技术的发展时间是有一定规律的；l导致发明的路径也是遵从某些规律的，也就是说创造性可以系统的培养出来。l他由此研究得出了一些非常有意义的理论。8TRIZ为什么有用?人大思维定势和知识领域局限可能的知识可能的知识热动力学热动力学力学力学化学化学电磁学电磁学人类人类 社会社会行业行业团体团体个人个人概念概念解决方案解决方案 问题问题9Pooling of ideas by solving innovation problems 没有明确的方法应用没有明确的方法应用 TRIZ的应用的应用沿着心理惯性的方向沿着心理惯性的方向进行思维进行思维,很少能有扩散的想法很少能有扩散的想法 在所有可能的方向上进在所有可能的方向上进行思维，行思维，许多扩展的想法许多扩展的想法在一个较窄的通道中思考在一个较窄的通道中思考问题解决方案心理惯性思维方向理想的结果传统的问题解决方法传统的问题解决方法 费时间费时间 低质量的结果低质量的结果 费时间费时间 结果质量较好结果质量较好 很快发现创造性的很快发现创造性的方法方法 高质量的结果高质量的结果10TRIZ 创造性解决问题的理论关键发现关键发现问题的精确描述通常是通向创造性之路.同样的问题和解决方案经常在科学和工业中重复出现工程系统的发展也是由客观定律支配的.创造性的过程可以系统化和结构化主要要素主要要素起步起步创造性不是天生的创造性不是天生的.每个工程师都可以学会如何每个工程师都可以学会如何具有创造性具有创造性Genrik Altshuller一定存在某些通用的发明原理20万件专利分析的结果(up to 1985)技术发展的规律 39个技术参量 40个发明原理 4条分离原理 理想化的6途径 物质场分析 76 项标准解决方案 物质和技术效应11Altshuller 的40个问题解决原理（1）1.分割2.取出3.局部质量4.非对称5.合并6.普遍性7.Nested Doll-Matrjoschka8.减轻重量9.预想反行动10.预行动11.预支撑，预缓冲12.等势，等位13.所有其他方法 14.球状体15.动力学16.部分或过度行动17.另一种尺度18.机械振动19.周期行动20.有用行动的连续性Quelle:Quality Engineers12Altshuller的40个问题解决原理(2)21.跳过，略过22.伪装23.反馈24.中间物，中间值25.自助26.拷贝27.便宜和短寿命28.机械替换29.气动和液压 30.灵活的薄层包覆31.空隙材料32.改变颜色33.均匀化34.摒弃和恢复35.改变物性状态36.相变37.热膨胀38.强氧化39.惰性气氛40.符合材料Quelle:Quality Engineers13 Altshuller矛盾矩阵的39个分量 1运动物的重量 21 功率 2静止物的重量 22能量损耗 3运动体长度 23物质损耗 4 静止体的长度 24信息损耗 5运动体的面积 25时间损耗 6静止体的面积 26物质数量 7运动体的体积 27可靠性 8静止体的体积 28测量准确性 9速度 29制造精度 10力 30外部损害影响物体 11应力或压力 31物体产生有害因素 12形状 32制造难易 13复合物的稳定性 33操作难易 34 修复难易 14强度 35适应性或灵活性 15运动物行动的持续期 36 设备复杂度 37 检查和测量的复杂度 16静止物行动的持续期 38 自动化程度 39 生产率 17温度 18 流明数（照度）19运动物的能量使用 20静止物的能量使用Quelle:triz-journal14Contradiction MatrixNichterwnschteVernderung(Konflikt)ZuverbessenderParameter20Weigh of moving objectWeigh of stationary objectLength of moving objectLength of stationary objectArea of moving objectArea of stationary objectVolume of moving objectVolume of stationary objectSpeedForceStress or pressureShapeStability of the objects composition14812235679101113-10,1435,40-15,829,3429,1738,34-29,240,282,815,388,1018,3710,3637,401,3519,39-10,129,355,3514,213,1029,14-35,3013,2-8,1019,3513,2910,1826,391,408,1529,34-1,810,29-15,174-7,174,3513,4817,1041,8351,815,34-35,82,1413,1415,735,2840,29-17,710,40-28,101,143539,37352,1729,4-5,3429,4-14,1518,4-7,1417,429,304,3419,3035,210,1536,2811,213,39-26,79,39-30,214,18-1,1835,3610,1536,372,382,2629,40-1,1529,4-1,74,351,74,17-29,438,3415,3536,376,3536,3728,101,39-35,82,147,23535,1019,1419,14-2,183724,3534,2835,402,2813,38-35,1518,34-13,14829,3034-7,293413,2815,196,1838,4028,331,188,137,1828,102,3618,3710,3540,3418,131,2817,199,3619,10151,1836,3715,912,3713,2815,1218,211135,102110,3637,4035,114,1635,2435,415,1013,2910,1835,103610,1536,2510,1535,376,35106,353636,352135,332,408,1029,4013,1410,7 7,23515,1026,329,345,45,344,10-14,415,2235,1534,1835,1037,4035,1510,1433,118,421,352,393734,2835,4026,391,4013,151,282,11133928,1019,3933,1528,1810,3521,162,354022,118,41,840,1515,1428,269,1417,1510,3035,4040,2627,11,158,353,3440,299,402810,1514,78,1326,1410,183,1410,318,4013,173519,534,31-14,2628,25-2,1993,1719-10,219,303,35519,21619,32713,335-1,103535,3438-6,2719,16-39,335,2336,226,3815,19935,6414,2219,3222,353215,1993,3539,1835,3834,3940,182,2836,3035,103,2135,3919,21,353219,132-32,302,353219,321619,3226-2,131010,131926,196-32,32712,1828,31-12,229-12,2815,1925-35,13188,153516,2621,223,142519,1317,24-19,96,27-36,37-27,429,18Weigh of moving objectWeigh of stationary objectLength of moving objectLength of stationary objectArea of moving objectArea of stationary objectVolume of moving objectVolume of stationary objectSpeedForceStress or pressureShapeStability of the objects compositionStrengthDuration of action by a moving objectDuration of action by a stationaryobjectsTemperatureIllumination intensityUse of energy by moving objectUse of energy by stationary object12345678910111213141516171819Strength1428,2718,4028,210,278,3529,3415,1428,263,1540,14409,1415,79,1417,158,326,1435,1014,279,183,4030,1410,4017,91527,310-10,3022,4035,195,199,353515用TRIZ方法产生突破性方案TRIZ具体问题具体问题创造性问题创造性问题:改善系统的一个特征而不要损改善系统的一个特征而不要损害其他特征害其他特征.标准问题标准问题抽象化抽象化用一个已知解决方案的问题来替换当前问题.标准解决方案标准解决方案TRIZ 工具工具使用TRIZ方法获得解决方案 创造性解决方案创造性解决方案应用应用对你的问题应用标准方法解决方法解决方法:16现代TRIZ的三个基础TRIZ系统系统创造性情势问卷问题形成理想化修剪，调整系统系统:支持对问题的精确分析表明和处理子问题知识知识物质场分析科学影响知识库矛盾分析 知识知识:来自力学,物理,热动力学和化学等方面的广泛知识类比类比40原理分离原则演变模式76 个标准解决方案类比类比:从成千上万个专利的内在联系中进行总结17TRIZ 比萨饼盒问题顾客要求比萨要热比萨要脆比萨饼盒关闭打开目标目标(矛盾矛盾)矛盾矛盾比萨饼盒开孔-比萨饼微温-不很脆传统思考传统思考(平衡平衡)Pizza BoxSource:Quality Engineers18TRIZ-example pizza box-contradictionl这对矛盾的技术参量增加温度(17)不影响硬度(14)Pizza BoxQuelle:Quality Engineers19TRIZ-example pizza box 矛盾矩阵l问题解决原理10 预行动22 伪装30 灵活的薄层40-复合材料Contradiction MatrixNichterwnschteVernderung(Konflikt)ZuverbessenderParameter20Weigh of moving objectWeigh of stationary objectLength of moving objectLength of stationary objectArea of moving objectArea of stationary objectVolume of moving objectVolume of stationary objectSpeedForceStress or pressureShapeStability of the objects composition14812235679101113-10,1435,40-15,829,3429,1738,34-29,240,282,815,388,1018,3710,3637,401,3519,39-10,129,355,3514,213,1029,14-35,3013,2-8,1019,3513,2910,1826,391,408,1529,34-1,810,29-15,174-7,174,3513,4817,1041,8351,815,34-35,82,1413,1415,735,2840,29-17,710,40-28,101,143539,37352,1729,4-5,3429,4-14,1518,4-7,1417,429,304,3419,3035,210,1536,2811,213,39-26,79,39-30,214,18-1,1835,3610,1536,372,382,2629,40-1,1529,4-1,74,351,74,17-29,438,3415,3536,376,3536,3728,101,39-35,82,147,23535,1019,1419,14-2,183724,3534,2835,402,2813,38-35,1518,34-13,14829,3034-7,293413,2815,196,1838,4028,331,188,137,1828,102,3618,3710,3540,3418,131,2817,199,3619,10151,1836,3715,912,3713,2815,1218,211135,102110,3637,4035,114,1635,2435,415,1013,2910,1835,103610,1536,2510,1535,376,35106,353636,352135,332,408,1029,4013,1410,7 7,23515,1026,329,345,45,344,10-14,415,2235,1534,1835,1037,4035,1510,1433,118,421,352,393734,2835,4026,391,4013,151,282,11133928,1019,3933,1528,1810,3521,162,354022,118,41,840,1515,1428,269,1417,1510,3035,4040,2627,11,158,353,3440,299,402810,1514,78,1326,1410,183,1410,318,4013,173519,534,31-14,2628,25-2,1993,1719-10,219,303,35519,21619,32713,335-1,103535,3438-6,2719,16-39,335,2336,226,3815,19935,6414,2219,3222,353215,1993,3539,1835,3834,3940,182,2836,3035,103,2135,3919,21,353219,132-32,302,353219,321619,3226-2,131010,131926,196-32,32712,1828,31-12,229-12,2815,1925-35,13188,153516,2621,223,142519,1317,24-19,96,27-36,37-27,429,18Weigh of moving objectWeigh of stationary objectLength of moving objectLength of stationary objectArea of moving objectArea of stationary objectVolume of moving objectVolume of stationary objectSpeedForceStress or pressureShapeStability of the objects compositionStrengthDuration of action by a moving objectDuration of action by a stationaryobjectsTemperatureIllumination intensityUse of energy by moving objectUse of energy by stationary object12345678910111213141516171819Strength1428,2718,4028,210,278,3529,3415,1428,263,1540,14409,1415,79,1417,158,326,1435,1014,279,183,4030,1410,4017,91527,310-10,3022,4035,195,199,3535 17 Temperatur 10,30 22,4014 Festigkeit Quelle:Quality Engineers温度温度强度强度1420TRIZ-example pizza box-Contradiction Matrix比萨饼放在瓦楞硬纸上并有很易吸水的纸，结果：-比萨很热-比萨很脆TRIZ 解决方案解决方案(Source:Pizza Hut,NL)原理 40:使用复合材料PizzaSource:Quality Engineers21Example-aimslAn overdose of sleeping pills is to beanticipatedDeliberate overdose(suicide,)Unintended overdose(e.g.with elder or forgetful patientsSource:Quality Engineers22Brainstorming vs.Brain writinglBrainstormingThe group gets a set of principles of solving problemsThey go through principle for principle and keep ideasNo criticism is allowed only continuing of ideasNon-fitting principles can be skippedlBrain writing Each participant receives three sheets of paper,each with a principle on itHe has got a five-minute-period to put his ideas down to paperAfterwards the participants change papers in turnNow everybody has another five-minute-period to add ideas or carry on with his predecessors ideasSix participants with each three sheets of paper and five minutes a turn make a thirty-minute-brain writingSource:Quality Engineers23example mind map by four groupsSource:Quality Engineers24Accepted by customerCriteria for the contribution to the targetpairwise comparisontargetSource:Quality EngineersAvoid overdose Obtain potency Accepted by customerAvoid overdoseObtain potencyAccepted by customerAvoid overdoseObtain potencyAccepted by customerAbsolute importanceRelative importance 1.1025Criteria for risk/ascertainment and estimation of effortpairwise comparisonriskSource:Quality EngineersHard to realizeHigh effortTime-to-market Injurious malpracticeHard to realizeHigh effortTime-to-marketCannibalism/injurious malpractice26QFD rating matrixSource:Quality EngineersAvoid overdoseObtain potencyAccepted by the customerHard to realizeHigh effortTime-to-marketCannibalism/injurious malpracticeChemical counter-measureAbolish sleeplessnessAlternative to pillsTaking unpleasantControlled taking27Portfolio for concept choiceQuelle:Quality EngineersrisktargetChemical counter-measure(emetic)Abolish sleeplessnessAlternative to pillsControlled takingTaking unpleasant