初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列.doc

初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列
三点剖析
单词·典句·考点
since ［］conj.自从……
【经典例句】They have been friends since childhood.
他们自幼时起一直是好朋友。
【考点聚焦】 1)since和for短语都可表示时间段,since 后接时间点,而for后接时间段。如:since two days ago/2010/last week; for two days/three years/five hours
2)since后还可接从句,从句使用一般过去时。如:
She has taught here since she left school.自从毕业以来,她一直在这儿教书。
3)对for或since提问时,都用how long。
【活学活用】1.对画线部分提问
Wei Hua has been ill since her mother left.

答案：How long has Wei Hua been ill?
raise ［］v.筹集;收集
【经典例句】Our aim is to raise money for a charity.
我们的目的是为慈善组织筹钱。
【考点聚焦】1)注意:raise还常作“举起,抬高”讲,如:raise your hand 举起手来。
2)形近词:rise v.上升,不及物动词。如:
The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。
important［］adj.重要的
【经典例句】It’s very important to learn English because it is widely used in the world.
学英语很重要,因为它在世界范围内广泛使用。
【考点聚焦】1)派生词:importance n. 重要性,the importance of... 意思是“……的重要性”;
2)important 一词常用在“It’s important for sb.to do sth.”句型中,表示“做某事对某人来说很重要”。
【活学活用】2.选择
is very important for people to protect the environment.
A. This　
B. That　
C. It　
D. They
答案：C
ill ［］adj.生病的
【经典例句】She can’t go to school because she is ill.
她不能上学了,因为她病了。
【考点聚焦】 1)派生词:illness n.病
2)同义词辨析:ill和sick都有“生病”之意,ill作“生病的”讲时只可作表语,不可作定语;sick既可作定语,又可作表语。如:a sick person 一个病人。
【活学活用】3.单句改错
The ill boy has been ill in bed for three days.
答案：第一个ill改为sick
luckily ［］adv.幸运地
【经典例句】He passed the exam luckily.
他幸运地通过了考试。
【考点聚焦】1)luckily可修饰动词或整个句子,如:
Luckily, he is not badly ill.幸亏他病得不重。
2)派生词:luck n. 运气。如:Good luck to you!祝你好运!
lucky adj.幸运的,幸亏。如:You are really a lucky dog.你真是个幸运儿。
3)反义词:unluckily不幸地;同义词:fortunately。
【活学活用】4.用所给词的正确形式填空
He is too to pass the exam. But ,he can take an exam again. Wish him good
next time.(luck)
答案：unlucky; luckily; luck
point ［］n.点,分;v.指着,指
【经典例句】We won by 5 points.
我们赢了5分。
【考点聚焦】1)用于读小数时,如:2.3读作two point three;
2)point 作动词时,常用在point at/to短语中,意思是“指着,指向……”,如:
It’s impolite to point to/at others with your chopsticks.
用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。
短语·典句·考点 
get on with 与……相处
【经典例句】 I’m getting on well with my classmates.
我和同学们相处得很好。
【考点聚焦】1)同义短语:get along well with sb.与某人相处得好;
2)get on/along with sth.某事进展得……
【活学活用】5.翻译句子
你的工作进展得如何?

答案：How are you getting along with your work?
an eight-year -old boy 一个八岁的男孩
【经典例句】He can’t do that. He is only an eight-year-old boy.
他不可能做得了那件事。他只不过是个八岁的孩子。
【考点聚焦】1)这个短语中包含一个复合形容词,其结构为“数词+名词+形容词”,中间有两个连字符,用作定语;
2)还要注意不用连字符的时候描述某人或某物的状况,通常作表语。如:
She is twelve years old.她十二岁。
【活学活用】6.根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子
I wrote a letter.(我写了一封两千字的信。)
He is 2.1 .(他2.1米高。)
答案：twothousandword;metres tall
stop doing sth.停止做……
【经典例句】We stopped running when it began to rain.
天开始下雨时我们就停止跑步了。
【考点聚焦】1)stop doing sth.强调停止一直在做的事;stop to do sth.强调停下来去做另一件事;
2)stop...from doing sth.意思是“阻止……做某事”。
【活学活用】7.用所给词的适当形式填空
They were very tired, but they didn’t stop (have) a rest.
When the teacher came in, the students stopped (talk).
答案：to have; talking
look after 照顾
【经典例句】She has to look after her younger brother.
她不得不照顾她的小弟弟。
【考点聚焦】1)同义词组:take care of 照顾,照料;
2)要记住以look为中心的一些短语:
look at 看look for 寻找 
look out 注意;当心look over 检查(身体);翻阅
look up 在字典中查……look forward to盼望;期待
【活学活用】8.用上面look短语的适当形式填空
I’ve my watch everywhere(到处).
You’d better this word in your dictionary.
He has his sick mother for many years.
答案：looked for; look up; looked after
with the help of...在……的帮助下
【经典例句】With the help of his teacher, he passed the exam.
在老师的帮助下,他通过了考试。
【考点聚焦】1)同义词组:with one’s help,如:with his teacher’s help。
2)help作动词时的用法:help sb.(to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。
【活学活用】9.根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子
(在因特网的帮助下),we can chat online.
答案：With the help of the Internet
pay for 付款,支付
【经典例句】If you lose the library book, you must pay for it.
如果你丢了图书馆的书,你就必须赔偿。
【考点聚焦】1)可以是pay for sth.或pay some money for sth.如:
I paid three yuan for a pen.我花三元钱买了枝钢笔。
2)花钱买某物还可以说：spend some money on sth./sth. cost sb. some money.
because of 因为
【经典例句】I didn’t go out because of rain.
因为下雨,所以我没有出去。
【考点聚焦】1)because of是介词短语,后接名词或名词短语;
2)注意与because的区别:because后接从句,如:
I didn’t go out because it rained.
【活学活用】10.选择
the heavy snow last winter, the wheat is growing well now.
A. Because B. Because of C. For D. Since
答案：B
句子·剖析·拓展
It’s easier to learn a foreign language when you visit the country.
当你在那个国家时,学外语就容易些。
【剖析】1)句中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to learn a foreign language,其句型是:It + be + adj./n. + to do sth.
2)when you visit the country是时间状语从句。
【拓展】it 除作形式主语外,也可作形式宾语,其后常用不定式作真正的宾语,常见句型为sb.find it difficult to do sth.。
He finds it difficult to learn English well without speak it a lot.
他发现在不常说英语的情况下学好它很困难。
It’s important for him to work on their farm because there are seven people in Liu’s family and they are very poor.
对他来说,在他们农场干活很重要,因为刘家有七口人并且家里还很穷。
【剖析】1)前半句还是基本句型:It + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.，表示“对某人来说,做某事是……”;
2)后半句是由because引导的原因状语从句。
【拓展】如果描述做某事的人的状况,要用It + be + adj. + of sb .+ to do sth.句型。
It’s very kind of you to help me with my English.
你帮我学英语真是太好了。
Many children like Li Yinming and Liu Sanzi can’t get an education because their families are poor.
因为家里穷,像李因明和刘三子这样的许多孩子都无法接受教育。
【剖析】介词短语like Li Yinming and Liu Sanzi 作children 的定语。
【拓展】形容词作定语一般置于名词之前,短语作定语一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
Liquid like water can be made into different shapes.
像水一样的液体可以被制成不同形状。
In the last fifteen years, his project has raised money and paid for the education of 2.5 million poor students in rural areas.
在过去的15年里,希望工程已为250万乡村地区的贫困学生筹集并支付了教育费用。
【剖析】1)这是and连接的并列句,raised money 和paid for the education 是两个并列的动作;
2)in the last fifteen years常与现在完成时连用。
【拓展】“in the last+一段时间”还可用“in the past+一段时间”,指“在过去的……(一段时间)”,从过去到现在的一段时间,因此用现在完成时。
In the past three months, he was learned to operate the machine.
在过去的三个月里，他学会了操作这台机器。
语法·剖析
现在完成时态自述(三)
今天来讲讲我的第三种用法吧:我还能表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。我常与for/since连用,而且要求动词都必须是延续性动词,提问时要用how long。有人问我,如果是非延续性动词怎么办?那就变成延续性动词呗。仔细读读下表吧:
非延续性动词
延续性动词
Come
be
Leave
be away (from)
Begin
be on
Buy
have
Borrow
keep
Diebe
dead
join the League
be a League member
be in the League
如:They left Beijing ten years ago.
→They have been away from Beijing for ten years/since ten years ago.
→How long have they been away from Beijing?
注意:现在完成时不能跟表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, three years ago, in 1997等;一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,可以跟表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
I have already seen the film.我已看过这部电影。
I saw the film last week.我上周看了这部电影。
典题精讲
经典题型
例1（2010南通中考）What bad weather we have! It has rained the day before yesterday.
A. on B. for C. since D./
思路解析：此题题意是“天气太糟了,从前天起就一直下雨”。句子用了现在完成时,而且the day before yesterday又是时间点,因此用since,故答案为C。
黑色陷阱：本题有两处陷阱：一是没有注意到句子用了现在完成时而误选D;二是搞不清the day before yesterday是时间点还是时间段而误选B。
例2（2010上海中考）The cheese cake tasted so that the kids asked for more.
A. delicious B. well C. bad D. badly
思路解析：此题题意是“这种奶酪蛋糕很好吃,所以孩子们要了更多”。so...that...句型是包含结果状语从句的复合句,that之后的从句表结果。taste是连系动词,后面跟形容词作表语。答案:A
黑色陷阱：本题有两处陷阱：一是误认为副词修饰动词,因此错选B项或D项；二是误解句子的意思,不知so...that...句型表示“如此……以至于……”,因此错选C项。
例3（2010天津中考）Bill said they would have holiday.
A. a two-month B. two-months C. two-months D .two-month’s
思路解析：此题题意是“比尔说他们将过一个两个月的假期”。“两个月”此处作定语,因此应用two month这种形式,故答案为A。
绿色通道：解对此类题应注意复合形容词作定语时,其中的名词要用单数;此外,所有格形式也可作定语,名词用复数,如:two months’ holiday。
例4—I’ve finished my homework, Mr Black.
—When you it?
A. have; finished B. do; finish
C. did; finish D. will; finish
思路解析：此题题意是“我已完成作业。你什么时候完成的?”后面问句是用when提问,完成作业这一动作是瞬间动作且发生在过去,故答案为C。
黑色陷阱：本题有一处陷阱。上面一句用了现在完成时,因此可能误导有些同学选A。
原创题 
仿照示例看图写句子:

nearly an hour since 7:00 an hour since 40 minutes ago half an hour
1.A:How long has she washed clothes?
B: She has washed clothes for nearly an hour.
2.A: 　
B: 
3.A:
B: 
4.A:
B: 
5.A:
B:
参考答案： 
2.How long has he done his homework? He has done his homework since 7:00.
3.How long have they played basketball? They have played basketball for an hour.
4.How long has he swum? He has swum since 40 minutes ago.
5.How long has he run? He has run for half an hour.
思路解析：本题旨在考查现在完成时与for/since连用时,用how long提问这一用法。根据图画判断是何动作并考虑使用延续性动词,回答时注意for和since 的不同。
绿色通道：掌握现在完成时表动作持续的用法,非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换,for和since用法的区别对做题至关重要。
巧学法园地
巧记数词的用法、读法、写法
百千万十亿,用法真类似,(hundred/thousand/million/billion)
前方有数词,不能加s,(two hundred/three million)
后方有of,必须加s。(hundreds of/thousands of)
十亿和百万,一对亲兄弟,(billion/million仅首字母之差)
千位和百位,连在一起读,(如:数字1,234,567,899的读法是:twelve billion, thirty-four million, five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninety-nine)
百位和十位,要用and连, 
十位和个位,须加连字符。

中学英语之家