英美文学背诵精华篇.doc

Name/CN NameWriters FeaturesWritings / CN WritingsWritings FeaturesEnglish LiteratureThe Renaissance Period 1. age: 1500-16602. background: stimulated by the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classic; Englands Golden Age, especially in literature; the Church of England broke away from the Catholic Church3. features: (1)New poetical forms introduced, e.g. blank verse and sonnet;(2) the English drama based itself on the models of Roman and Greek classics and the precedents from Italy and Spain(3)the universal tend of humanism in emphasizing mans dignity and his worldly happinessEdmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯賓賽1. The poets poet;2. Perfect melody; a rare sense of beauty; a splendid imagination; a lofty moral purity and seriousness; a dedicated idealismThe Faerie Queen仙后(The Shepheades Calender牧人日记;Epithalamion新婚喜歌)An allegory; a historical poem to present the example of a perfect gentleman; a hero represent one of the 12 virtues; fierce warres and faithful lovesChristopher Marlowe克里斯扥夫.馬洛（Blank verse University wit）1. perfected blank verse and turned it into the principal medium of English drama2. created a series of images of the Renaissance hero for English dramaDr Fauctus浮士德博士The Passionate Shepherd to His Love多情的牧羊人致情人1. symbolic of a humanist in the Renaissance; based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the DevilWilliam Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亞The greatest playwright and the most popular sonnet writer; a creation of characters; skillful plot construction; irony; a good use of a language; skilled in various poetic forms; of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句); national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity“The Kings government must be carried on” (在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的)(Each hero has his weekness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othellos inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeths lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.)literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and realitySonnets十四行詩The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人Hamlet哈姆雷特(Venus and Adonis维纳斯和安东尼斯; The Rape of Lucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;romantic tragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;Romeo and Juliet;Shakespeares greatest tragedies are : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth)1. 154 poems; English form2. The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. Many people today tend to regard the play as a satire of the Christians hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews (Shylock). 3. A man of contemplation rather than action; has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and deathFrancis Bacon弗蘭西斯.培根a well known philosopher scientist and essayist; lays the foundation of modern science; his Essays is an important landmark in the development of English prosebrevitycompactnesspowerfulnessOf Studies论学习It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human charaterJohn Donne約翰.鄧恩the leading figure(代表人物) of the metaphysical school(玄学派); his poems can be divided into two groups: the secular and the religious; sermons; The songs and Sonnetsa seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes and a free range of feelings and moods; dynamic rather than staticThe Sun Rising太阳升起Death, Be Not Proud死神，莫骄横（Holy Sonnets）1. dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love2. a bold challenge to the proud DeathJohn Milton約翰.彌爾頓A versatile writer; fight for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanistParadise Lost失樂園Satan, after being defeated in his rebel against God, tempts Adam and Eve to eat the apples from the Forbidden Tree, and causes the Fall of ManThe Neoclassical Period 1. age: 1660-17982. background: The English society of the neoclassical period was a turbulent one. Fast development of England as a nation; the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason3. features: (1)a furtherance of the Renaissance the Enlightenment Movement, advocated universal education(2)reason, eternal truth, eternal justice, eternal equality was what human society should seek for; advocated universal education(3)reviving the interest in old classical works (neoclassicism)(4)keep to order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy(5)had specific rules for almost every genre of literatureJohn Bunyan約翰.班楊As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation through spiritual struggleConcrete and living languagecarefully observed and vividly presented detailThe Pilgrims Progress天路历程(Symbolizes human world, for All the cometh is vanity; everything and anything in this world is vanity, have no value and no meaning; but this town lay in the way to the Celestial City, meaning pilgrims had to resist the temptations there when they made their way through)Is the most successful religious allegory in the English language; its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness and all kinds of social evilsAlexander Pope亞歷山大.蒲伯Strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorumSatiricconcisesmoothgracefulwell-balanced styleOn Criticism論批評a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism; a typical didactic one; written in the form of heroic couplets, its plain in style and it is easy to read.Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾.笛弗A very good story-teller; his sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narrationSmootheasycolloquialmostly vernacularRobinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Adventure on a deserted island; depicts a hero grows from an inexperienced youth onto a shrewd and hardened man; a song of courage, wisdom, struggle against the hostile natural environment