高考英语考前必背材料汇总.doc

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高考英语考前必背材料汇总
四川省新都一中 张世明 整理
第一类 高考英语单词陷阱
名人名言
No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。
一、一个星期七天
1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday
6. Saturday 7. Sunday
二、一年十二个月
1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May
6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October
11. November 12. December
三、一年四季
1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter
四、容易拼写错的数字

eighth第八
ninth第九
forty四十
twelfth第十二
twentieth第二十
四、亲属称呼

daughter (女儿)
niece (女性晚辈)
nephew (男性晚辈)
cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)
aunt (女性长辈)
uncle (男性长辈)
五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔
control (controlled, controlling) 控制
admit (admitted, admitting) 承认
occur (occurred, occurring) 出现
prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿
refer (referred, referring) 提到
forget (forgetting ) 忘记
permit (permitted, permitting)允许
equip (equipped, equipping) 装备
注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）
六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播
flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止
forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅
freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰
hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)
lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)
seek (sought, sought) 寻求
shake (shook, shaken) 发抖
sing (sang, sung) 唱歌
sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉
spread (spread, spread) 传播
swim (swam, swum) 游泳
tear (tore, torn) 撕碎
weave (wove, woven) 编织

七、意思相近的词

check / examine/ test
receive / accept
destroy /damage
celebrate/ congratulate
wear / dress
八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

long—length 长度
wide—width 宽度
high—height 高度
strong—strength力量
九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed
picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐
十、个别名词的复数拼写

German (Germans) 德国人
gulf (gulfs) 海湾
handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕
hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。
roof (roofs) 房顶
stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)
十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

succeed—success成功
pronounce—pronunciation 发音
explain—explanation解释
decide—decision 决定
enter—entrance进入
permit—permission 允许
refuse—refusal 拒绝
consider—consideration 考虑
discover—discovery 发现
bury—burial 埋葬
conclude—conclusion 得出结论
arrive—arrival 到达
weigh—weight 重量
十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化

beautiful—beautifully 美丽的
possible—possibly 可能的
practical—practically 实际的
particular—particularly 特别的
successful—successfully 成功的
十三、其它必背单词

abroad 国外
absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)
accepted (NMET1997)
accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)
achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)
address地址
admire钦佩
admitting (2000北京春季卷)
agreement 协议
agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)
altogether总共
ancient 古代的
announced(NMET1999)
anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)
apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉apologetic adj. 道歉的，apologetically adv.道歉地)
apologize/apologise (2000全国卷)
appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)
Asian(NMET1996)
assistant 助手
astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing，astonished)
astronaut 宇航员
atmosphere气氛
attempt尝试 (可作名词也可作动词)
attentively 专心地
attentively(NMET1996)
attitude 态度
attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)
average 平均
average(NMET1999)
balance平衡
beauty 美 (beautiful)
believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs)
beyond超过
biology生物
birthday生日
bravery 勇敢
broadcast(NMET1996)
broadcast广播 (过去式、过去分词同原形)
carefully 小心 (carefully)
ceiling天花板
celebrated (2000北京春季卷)
celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n. 庆祝)
century 世纪
challenge 挑战
character 性格
charge收费
cinema电影院
comfort v. & n. 安慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒适地)
comfortably(NMET1997)
comment 评论
communication 交流
competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)
composition 作文
concert 音乐会
conclude v. conclusion n. 结论
condition情况 (conditions条件)
confessing (2000北京春季卷)
congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)
constantly 不断地
construction(NMET1996)
continue继续
contribution 贡献 (contribute v.)
conveniently方便 (convenient adj.)
conversation 谈话
coughing(NMET1997)
cousin表兄弟
cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.)
curious 好奇 (curiosity n. 好奇)
curious(NMET1996)
customer 顾客
customers (2000北京春季卷)
custom习俗
damage损坏
declared(NMET1999)
delicious 美味
destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)
determined 有决心的
develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的)
dialogue 对话
diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)
difference 不同点 (有复数形式)
disappointed失望 (disappointing 让人失望的)
disappointment 失望
discovery 发现 (其复数是discoveries，其动词是discover，discoverer发现者)
disturb打扰
dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)
downstairs楼下
dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)
electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)
employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主，employee雇员)
empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)
encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.)
energy能量
envelope 信封
envy n. 妒忌 (envious adj.)
equal(NMET1998)
equipment设备
especially 尤其是
essential(NMET1999)
European 欧洲人
event事件
excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)
exhibition(NMET1997)
exhibition展览
expense 耗费
experience 经验 (experienced 有经验的)
expert 专家
expression 表达
failure 失败 (fail v.)
familiar(NMET1999)
familiar熟悉的
favorite 最喜爱的 (即作形容词也作名词，作名词时有复数)
figure人物/数字
finger手指
flight飞行
forehead前额
foreign(NMET1998)
fortunately幸运地
forward向前
freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)
frequently 经常地
furniture 家具
further进一步的
generally (2000全国卷)
geography地理
Germany德国
government(NMET1996)
gradually逐渐地
graduation毕业 (graduate)
grammar语法
habits (NMET1997)
handkerchiefs (2000北京春季卷)
honesty 诚实 (honest)
honor/honour 荣誉
imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)
immediate (2000北京春季卷)
immediately马上
impress 印象 (impression n.)
incident小事件
including包括 (include v.)
indispensable (NMET1999)
industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)
information 信息
inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring, inspired)
institute学院
instrument 仪器
interest 兴趣
interrupt 打断
interrupt打断
introduce介绍 (introduction n.)
irregular 不规则的
journey旅程
judge判断 (judgment)
kindergarten幼儿园
knowledge 知识
labor/labour劳动
late1y(NMET1999)
laughter笑声
lawyer律师
librarian图书馆理员
loss损失 (lose, lost 是其动词形式)
luckily幸运地
magazine杂志
majority (2000北京春季卷)
majority大多数
manage 设法 (manager, management)
market(2000全国卷)
marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的)
material(s)/cloth(NMET1996)
material物质/材料
mayor市长
mean (NMET1999)
measure测量
medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型)
memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)
messages (2000全国卷)
metal 金属
modern现代的
modest谦虚的
monitor 班长/监控
moustache 胡子
murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)
musician 音乐家
mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)
nationality国籍 (nation 国家，national国家的)
naturally(NMET1998)
naughty 淘气的
necessary(NMET1999)
ninth(NMET1998)
normal 正常的
obey (NMET1997)
obviously明显的
offering (2000全国卷)
operation手术
opportunity 机会
ordinary 普通的
organized/organised(NMET1996)
particularly 特别是
passenger 旅客
passengers(NMET1999)
patience耐心 (patiently)
patient病人/耐心
perfect 完美 (perfectly)
performed(2000北京春季卷)
perhaps 或许
period 时期
permission许可
persuaded(NMET1996)
phenomena 现象
physicist 物理学家
pilots (2000全国卷)
poisonous 有毒的 (poison)
political 政治的 (politics)
popular受欢迎的
population人口
position 职位
possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)
poverty 贫穷 (poor)
poverty贫穷
practical (NMET1997)
preparing(NMET1998)
pressure(NMET1997)
pretend假装
professor 教授
profit 利润
progress进步
pronunciation (2000北京春季卷)
provide 提供 (比较：offer, supply)
public 公众
purpose目的
quality(NMET1996)
quantity数量
realistic(NMET1997)
receive 收到
recently(NMET1999)
recognised/recognized(NMET1999)
recognize 认出 (recognition 承认)
regards 问候
remind提醒
repeat (repetition)重复
respect尊敬
restaurant 餐馆
restaurants(NMET1999)
satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)
satisfactory 满意的
Saturday(NMET1998)
scientific 科学的
scientific科学的
secretary秘书
secretly (2000北京春季卷)
separately单独地
separates (NMET1998)
serious 严重的 (seriously)
service服务
shortcoming缺点
silence 安静 (silent)
similar (2000北京春季卷)
similar 类似的 (similarity –ies相似之处)
situation形势/情况
slightly(2000全国卷)
society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)
southern(2000全国卷)
special特别的
species 物种 (单复数同形)
spring(NMET1997)
square 平方
stolen(2000全国卷)
straight(NMET1997)
suitable合适的
support支持
surprise吃惊
surround 包围
swimming(NMET1998)
technique 技术 (technical adj.)
technology技术
temperature温度
theory 理论
thirsty口渴
thorough (NMET1997)
total合计
traffic 交通
translated(NMET1998)
translation 翻译 (translator翻译家，interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)
umbrella(NMET1999)
umbrella伞
unusually不寻常 (unusual不寻常的)
unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志)
upstairs(2000全国卷)
upstairs楼上
vacation假期
various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)
victim受害者
victory胜利
vocabulary词汇
voyage航行
waste (NMET1999)
wealth财富
weather(NMET1998)
whisper 低语
worship崇拜
youth年轻人 (复数加-s)
zero 零

第二类 高考英语经典十口诀
名人名言
I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. Thomas Hardy, British poet and novelist 可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力、努力、再努力。英国诗人、小说家哈代.T.

口诀1要求跟不定式的动词 “要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”
a要求，想要，希望(want, wish, hope, expect, intend, mean)
b同意(agree, promise)
c意愿(care, hate, refuse)
d决定，企图(determine, decide, offer, attempt, try, manage)
口诀2 要求跟随动名词的动词
(1)“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃),
mind, miss, enjoy, give up, admit, avoid, finish, escape, practise.
(2)“makes (a) fit speech”
mind,avoid,keep,enjoy,suggest/finish,imagine,thinkabout,spend,practise,excuse,escape,can't help
口诀3 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，
其口诀是：一觉二听三让四看,五观察。
一觉：feel
二听：hear、listen to
三让：let、have、make
四看：notice、see、watch、look at
五观察: observe倒装口诀
口诀4 i drop caps”
在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或should+动词原形。
i—insist, d—demand, r—request/require/recommend, o—order, p—propose, c—command, a—advise, p—preqersic, s—suggest.
口诀5有些动词用过去完成时，常表示“想做而未做”的意思。可巧记其首字为组成的“withspem”，代表：wish,intend,think,hipe,suppose,plan,expect,mean
口诀6例装
副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
否定意义副连词，“既不…也不”须倒装。
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。
such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。
Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。
had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
口诀7当名词有多个形容词修饰时，下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序。
　　限定描绘大长高，
　　形状年龄和新老；
　　颜色国籍跟材料，
　　 作用类别往后靠；
口诀8
lie lay lain躺／lay laid laid放下；产蛋／lie lied lied撒谎，这几个词在拼写上很容易混淆，有人编了这样的口诀：
规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，“躺”过就“下蛋”，“下蛋”不规则。
“规则”指规则变化，“不规则”即不规则变化，如lie作“撒谎”解时，是规则变化，即其过去式和过去分词直接加-d；“躺过”的“过”指的是过去式，即lie的过去式lay是“下蛋”的原形；“下蛋”是不规则变化。
口诀9
分开“一段时间”， some time表示“一段时间”；
相聚“在某一时”，sometime表示“在某一时”；
“有时”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有时，不时”；
“几次”分开带s，some times表示“几次，次数”。
口诀10短文改错
（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理
小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级
（二） 谓与非谓经常混
谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种
ving ved 和to do
主宾通常ving
现在分词表主动
过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式
改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢

第三类 高考英语作文模版
名人名言
To choose time is to save time .( Francis Bacon , British philosopher )
合理安排时间就是节约时间 。( 英国哲学家 培根. F.)

★★★对比观点题型
（1）    要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1．    有一些人认为。。。
2．    另一些人认为。。。
3．    我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

（2）    给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

★★★阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
１．    阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．
２．    分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
★★★解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１．    问题现状
２．    怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
　　 In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ----------(举例进一步说明现状)
　　　Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

★★★说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１．    说明事物现状
２．    事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
３．    你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)

★★★议论文的框架 
　　(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
　There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. 
　　People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　peoplehold the idea that_观二_____. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.  On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___观点二______.　 
　 As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一或二_.　Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. 
  （2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believ