时事政经词汇英汉对照.doc

时事政经词汇英汉对照
[ 2006-03-30 11:02 ]
选自2006年温家宝总理政府工作报告
2006年3月5日，第十届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在北京开幕，温家宝在开幕会上作政府工作报告。本次会议取得的一项重大成果，是批准了国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要。以下特色词汇选自温家宝总理2006年政府工作报告，涉及政治、经济、社会及科教文卫各领域，供译者及英语学习者参考。
站在新起点 on a new starting point
创新型国家 innovation-oriented country
资源节约型社会 resource-conserving society
资源型城市转型 transformation of resource-dependent cities
区别对待，有保有压 the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others
“五个统筹” maintain the "five balances" (balancing urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening up to the outside world)
鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济 encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy
发扬成绩 build on our achievements
环保专项治理 special projects to address serious environmental problems
保护天然林 protect virgin forests
退牧还草 return grazing land to grassland
退耕还林还草 return farmland to forests or grassland
石漠化 spread of stony deserts
防沙治沙 prevent and control desertification
生态补偿机制 a mechanism for ecological compensation
农村综合试点改革 trials of comprehensive rural reform
农机具补贴 subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools
良种补贴 subsidies for growing superior grain cultivators
多予少取放活 the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control (to increase rural incomes)
“三提五统” "three deductions" (for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees) and the "five charges" (charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups)
看病难、看病贵，上学难、上学贵 the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education
粮食安全 food safety
农村劳动力转移培训 job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment
防止“一哄而起” avoid herd mentality
农村信用社体制 the system of rural credit cooperatives
牧业税 livestock tax
资源税 resource tax
农业面源污染 widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area
政策性关闭破产 policy-based closure and bankruptcy
企业分离办社会 relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs
城市和国有企业厂办大集体 collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities
上市公司股权分置改革 reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies
人民币汇率形成机制改革 reform of the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate
利率形成和传导机制 setting and transmitting interest rates
国债余额管理方式 the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt
建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制 establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology
坚持国家绝对控股 keep a controlling share in the state's hands
强化银行资本充足率约束 strengthen capital requirements for banks
政府收支分类改革reformation of the classification of government revenue and expenditures
投资主体和产权多元化 investment from various sources and diversified ownership
完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度 strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets
提高系统集成能力 improve systems integration
控制新增产能 control expansion of production capacity
废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用 comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recovery and recycling of used resources
资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制 mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries
突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系 medical treatment system for public health emergencies
乡镇卫生院 health clinics in towns and townships
公共文化基础设施 culture-related facilities for public use
城市低保对象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances
完善城市低保制度 improve the system of urban subsistence allowances
重点优抚对象 key entitled groups
国家统一的职务与级别相结合的工资制度和工资正常增长机制 a unified national salary system based on position and rank and a mechanism for regular pay increases
保持共产党员先进性 keep CPC members progressive, innovative and forward-thinking
兴边富民 vitalize border areas and enrich the people living there
西部地区“两基”攻坚计划 the plan to make nine-year compulsory education universal and to eliminate illiteracy among the young and middle-aged in the western region

项目核准与备案 project approval and record-keeping
完善境外投资协调机制和风险控制机制 improve the mechanisms for coordinating overseas investment and risk management
过渡期 transitional period
官煤勾结 government officials in cahoots with coalmine operators
government officials act in collusion with coalmine operators
重点抽查 spot test with a focus on; a spot test focusing on
采煤沉陷区 sinkholes in coal mining areas
棚户区 shantytowns
传销及变相传销 pyramid schemes and the ones in disguised forms
手机实名制 mobile phone identification policy
福利腐败 corruption in the execution of welfare policy
内外资企业所得税统一 the unity of income taxes levied from domestic and foreign-funded enterprises
论文崇拜 the worship of research paper; the worship of scientific paper
以房养老 use house property as the living means for one's old age; using house property as the living means for the aged
《中华人民共和国公司法》 Company Law of the People's Republic of China
《重大动物疫情应急条例》 Emergency Measures for Handling Major Animal Epidemics
《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》 Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents
《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies
《信访条例》Regulations on Petitions in the Form of Letters and Visits
政府工作报告英语词汇
reform and opening up and in the modernization drive
改革开放和社会主义现代化建设
put into practice the guiding principles of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of the CPC and the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents
以邓小平理论和”三个代表” 重要思想为指导，贯彻落实党的十六大精神

Per capita GDP
人均国内生产总值

financial strength grew noticeably
财力明显增强

total government revenue
全国财政收入

total import and export volume
进出口总额

laid-off workers
下岗失业人员

urban per capita disposable income
城镇居民人均可支配收入

rural per capita net income
农民人均纯收入

grew in real terms
实际增长

first manned spaceflight
首次载人航天飞行

overall national strength
综合国力

communicable disease
传染性疾病

mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak
在全国范围内实行群防群控

primary-level organizations
基层组织

prevention and treatment work
预防救治工作

anti-SARS campaign
抗击非典斗争

expand domestic demand
扩大内需

a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy
积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策

macro-control
宏观调控

rectify and standardize the order of the land market
整顿和规范土地市场秩序

stop disorderly and unauthorized acquisition of farmland
制止乱征滥占耕地

deposit-reserve ratio
存款准备金率

an appropriate amount of fine-tuning
适度微调

agriculture, rural areas and farmers
"三农"

major grain producing areas
粮食主产区

important raw and processed materials
重要原材料

strategic restructuring of the economy
经济结构战略性调整

the second phase of the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River
三峡水利枢纽二期工程

transmitting natural gas from the west to the east
西气东输

transmission of electricity from the west to the east
西电东送

south-to-north water diversion project
南水北调工程

large-scale development of the western region
西部大开发

social undertakings
社会事业

treasury bonds
国债

national public health system
全国公共卫生体系

public health infrastructure
公共卫生设施

pilot projects
试点项目

medical care system and medical assistance system
医疗制度和医疗合作制度

central budget
中央财政预算

modern distance education
现代远程教育

strategically important hi-tech research
战略高技术研究

industrial application of new and high technologies
高新技术产业化

a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development
国家中长期科学和技术发展规划

feasibility studies
可行性研究

family planning work
计划生育工作

land and resources administration
国土资源管理

social security work
社会保障工作

vital interests
切身利益

employment and reemployment
就业再就业

college expansion plan
高校扩招计划

regular institutions of higher learning
普通高校

"two guarantees" (guaranteeing that the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time and in full)
"两个确保"（确保国有企业下岗职工的基本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）

"three-stage guarantee" for laid-off workers
"三条保障线"（国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险、城市居民最低生活保障制度三条保障线）

subsistence allowances for the urban poor
城市居民最低生活保障

special funds
专项资金

ex-servicemen
退役军人

disabled revolutionary servicemen
革命伤残军人

post-disaster reconstruction
灾后重建

the problem of wage arrears for migrant rural workers
拖欠农民工工资问题

institutional innovation
体制创新

state assets
国有资产

a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector
银行业监管体系

administrative examination and approval system
行政审批制度

Fresh progress was made in transforming state-owned enterprises into stock companies.
国有企业股份制改革继续推进。

civil aviation
民航

economic returns
经济效益

state-owned industrial enterprises and enterprises whose controlling stake was owned by the state
国有及国有控股工业企业

state-owned commercial banks
国有商业银行

the system for examining and verifying the issuance of securities
证券发行审核制度

rural credit cooperatives
农村信用社

the experimental reform of rural taxes and administrative charges
农村税费改革试点

the non- public sectors of the economy
非公有制经济

counterfeit and substandard goods
假冒伪劣商品

protect the legitimate rights and interests of both consumers and producers
维护消费者和生产者合法权益

export tax rebates
出口退税

anti-dumping investigations
反倾销调查

settle trade disputes
解决贸易争端

foreign direct investment
外商直接投资

state foreign exchange reserves
国家外汇储备

Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
更紧密经贸关系的安排

administrative regulations
行政法规

handling of indigent migrants
收容遣送工作

supporting measures
配套措施

socialist political civilization
社会主义政治文明

spiritual civilization
精神文明

income gap
收入差距

haphazard investment
盲目投资

illegal appropriation of farmland
违法占用土地

low-income residents in both town and country
城乡低收入居民

a subjective, formalistic and bureaucratic style of work
主观主义、形式主义和官僚主义作风

"five balanced aspects" (balancing urban and rural development, balancing development among regions, balancing economic and social development, balancing development of man and nature, and balancing domestic development and opening wider to the outside world)
"五个统筹"

promote all-round, balanced and sustainable development of the economy and society
推动经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展

macroeconomic policies
宏观经济政策

construction treasury bonds
建设国债

government investment mechanism
政府投资机制

increase revenue and reduce expenditure
增收节支

fixed assets
固定资产

information release system for industries
行业信息发布制度

market admittance
市场准入

proprietary intellectual property rights
自主知识产权

intermediary services
中介服务

tertiary industry
第三产业

power generating facilities and power grids
电源电网

construction of major transport trunk lines and hubs
重大交通运输干线与枢纽工程

a conservation-minded society
资源节约型社会

a beneficial economic cycle
经济良性循环

purchasing power
购买力

regulation of income distribution
收入分配调节

consumption patterns
消费结构

consumer expectations
消费期望

immediate consumption
即期消费

overall grain production capability
粮食综合生产能力

system for land expropriation and requisition
土地征收征用制度

high- quality, high-yield, cost-effective, eco-friendly and safe agriculture
优质、高产、高效、生态、安全农业

animal husbandry
畜牧业

highly pathogenic bird flu
高致病性禽流感

expand intra-county economies
壮大县域经济

carry out the process of urbanization
推进城镇化

taxes on special agricultural products
农业特产税

reform of rural taxes and administrative charges
农村税费改革

grain distribution system
粮食流通体制

grain risk fund
粮食风险基金

six categories of small projects for rural areas (water-efficient irrigation, potable water supplies, roads, methane production facilities, hydroelectric plants and pasture enclosure)
农村"六小工程"

relief subsidies
扶贫基金

promoting the coordinated development of all regions
促进区域协调发展

returning farmland to forests and animal breeding grounds to pastures
退耕还林、退牧还草

compulsory education
义务教育

primary-level cultural undertakings
基层文化建设

competitive industries
优势产业

levels of industrialization and urbanization
工业化和城镇化水平

old revolutionary base areas
革命老区

the strategy of invigorating China through science and education
科教兴国战略

economy oriented to the global market
外向型经济

optimize the education structure
优化教育结构

vocational education and continuing education
职业教育和继续教育

competence-oriented education
素质教育

non-government funded education
民办教育

the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development
人才强国战略

floating population
流动人口

basic medical insurance system for urban working people
城镇职工基本医疗保险制度

patriotic sanitation campaign
爱国卫生运动

an advanced socialist culture
社会主义先进文化

ideological and moral education
思想道德教育

non-profit cultural undertakings
公益性文化事业

fight unremittingly against pornographic and illegal publications
坚持不懈地进行"扫黄""打非"斗争

extensive mass fitness programs
全民健身运动

competitive sports
竞技体育

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