高考英语阅读技巧与解题技巧.doc

原创著作，转载请联系本人高考英语阅读技巧与解题技巧广州三中 刘永刚一、 高考阅读理解题型设计与该题型的解题方法（一）细节题题型设计与解题方法1、直述法A、完成句子法。把要考察的细节信息以另外一个句子再现，选项是句子的一部分。56. The results of the South American experiment .（广东NMET06） A. have caused a serious trouble B. have proved to be wrong C. are not yet certainD. are not important（. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small troublestill remains to be seen）（C）66. Most people in the working class . （广东NMET06） A. have difficulty increasing their savings greatly B. have at least some experience of college C. receive houses from their parentsD. buy houses by themselves（but a rapidly changing economy and frequent periods of high unemployment make it difficult for most of its members to be able to increase their savings greatly.）（A）66. Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students_.（06NMET全国1）A. had to write their papersB. became better at speakingC. became less interested in readingD. had fewer problems with listening（Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in）（A）B、再现内容法。在一定的范围、情况或条件下再现要考察的细节信息。59. If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important_.（06NMET全国1）A. to keep it slimB. to keep it warmC. to take special care of its legsD. to take it to animal doctors regularly（But they do feel the cold,）（B）55.According to the text a friendship can last long only if . （06NMET全国2）A. we have much in commonB. we know our friends mistakesC. we treat our disagreements wisely D. we have know one another for long（First, dont let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when youre wrong even if youve been wronged. Over the course of friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes wrong. Third, see things from your friends point of view(观点). And finally, accept that friendships changes as our needs and lifestyles(生活方式) change.）（C）74. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _. （07NMET北京） A. learn it is harmful for health B. lie to themselves that they dont want it C. are willing to let doctors control their minds D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it（A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories.）（D）2、直接问题法把要考察的细节信息以特殊疑问句的形式，如用 what, who, how, when, how much, which, where等直接提问出来。58. Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees attacking personalities? （广东NMET06） A. Their production of honey. B. Their hard work. C. Their living environment.D. Their bad temper.（Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result ofsomething in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personali-ties.）（C）62. What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car? （07NMET全国1）A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.B. The couple sent him a business card.C. The couple offered to help him.D. He called his friend for help.（I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friends We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.）（C）72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist? （07NMET全国1）A. Very enjoyable. B. A bit regretful C. Rather busy. D. Fairly dull.（it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do.）（A）75. How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tour?A. $37.50. B. $62.50. C. $180.00. D. $150.00.3、筛选问题法把要考察的细节信息变成一个对的，其余三个都是错的，然后通过筛选后选出正确选项的方法。60. Which of the following is true about the old cobbler.? （广东NMET06） A. He was equipped with the best repairing tools. B. He was the only cobbler in the Marais. C. He was proud of his skills. D. He was a native Parisian.62. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（江苏NMET06）A. Pop Idol is one of the popular reality TV shows in the world.B. Big Brother was one of the first reality TV shows in the world.C. Rubbish TV is one of the personal reality TV shows in the world.D. Expedition Robinson was the first reality TV show in the world.4、因果问题法要考察的细节信息是原因而题干是结果，通过因果关系的确立完成对细节的正确判断。67. Many members from the working class are not satisfied with their jobs because . （广东NMET06） A. they could not rise in the ladder of success B. they are not interested in their jobs C. they could not earn much money D. they are not their own bosses（A greater number of the members of the working class take relatively little satisfaction in theirjobs, because much of their work is ordinary and boring.）（B）58. Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?（全国06NMET1）A. They are big in size.B. They live a very long life.C. They can run races for some time.D. They are quiet and easy to look after.（and after that they make great pets. They dont need a lot of space, dont make a lot of noise, and dont eat a lot for their size.）（D）解题技巧：回答细节题，要注意题干中的关键词或关键短语。在阅读中不必阅读整篇文章，只要找到关键词或关键短语即可。发现了关键词或词语后，阅读它所在句子的前句和后句以保证信息的准确性。细节题的选项不会用文章所用的词或句子，而是用同义词或用“貌不同而义相同”句子。例如:文章说“ Dickens was a well-known writer.” 关于此句引出问题的答案可能是“His works won him fame.”。一般细节题的顺序也是文章内容的顺序。细节题主要是要注意“语义对等”。（二）推理题题型设计与解题策略1、推断代词问题法推断代词如：it, he ,she, they, them 等的语义时，主要根据它前面句子语义和指代关系来确定。要注意与代词最近的名词或短语不一定是所指的对象；确定不了选项时可以用选项替换到代词的位置来检验正确的选项。59.What does the word “them” underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?（全国06NMET）A.Free-markets.B.Price changes.C.Unexpected connection .D. chances opened up by trade.（The chances opened up by trade are vast, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check .）（A）2、推断词汇或短语语义问题法。正确选项可能是要推断词汇或短语的同义词或解释词；正确选项可能是通过阅读全文后根据语义猜出；正确选项不是该词字面意思而是文中语义。65. The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means . A. strike with a blow B. have bad effects on C. break up（Although unemployment hits all levels of the American economy, including those of skilledand semi-skilled workers, it is most common at the bottom of the class structure and increasinglyless common at each level upward）（B）69. The underlined phrase turn his back on (paragraph 6) most probably means .（广东06NMET） A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on（When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job atthe Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know. （C）68. The underlined words waiting for the hell in the first paragraph probably mean _.（江苏06NMET）A. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bell C. expecting the end of the class D. wanting to speak in class（They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.）（C）3、主旨大意问题法主旨大意是对文中诸多次大意或诸多具体说明的总体归纳，而不是文章的部分观点或超出文章的内容。它可以从文章的主题句中获得，也可以是文章每段要点的总体归纳。这些就是该问题的解题方法和技巧。75. The passage is mainly about _.（江苏06NMET）A. the construction of a road B. the design of a roadC. the construction of two tunnels D. the design of two tunnels第一段：As part of the project, two four-kilometre road tunnels are being built第二段：In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas底三段：Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat(D)65. What is the text mainly about?（全国06NMET）A. Foreign students have more problems.B. There are many ways to improve English.C. Teaching should meet students needs.D. English learning problems should be studied again.第一段：A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students.第二段：Therefore a different method may help because it is different.底三段：so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.(C)56. What is the subject of the news story? A. Poor working conditions in offices B. Research work of the Work Foundation C. Influence of technology in the workplace. D. Different attitudes to old computers. 4、最好标题问题法最好标题的语言简练概括全面，不能只包括一段内容或一个细节内容，不能过于宽泛超出文章的内容；最好标题是对文中诸多次大意或诸多具体说明的总体归纳；文章主题句也是解题方法之一。71. What is probably the best title for the passage?广东06NMET） A. Provide Homes For Our Family B. Take Up Horse-riding C. Value This Very Day D. Stay Alive（This is Life, all right, but we do treat it like a rehearsal (排演) and, unhappily, we do missso many of its best moments.）（C）71. Which is the best title for the passage?（北京06NMET） A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate D. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents（Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.）（B）5、推理问题法推理题是回答文中没有说，但是通过文中所阐述的事实或观点可以推断出来的信息。A、用文中的事实和观点推理。解题时注意一般推断题的答案不会是文中所提出的事实或观点，不会是夸大或没有依据文章的信息进行的推断。 Lie detectors are properly called emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure bodily changes that contradict what a person says.Inferred:Lie detectors record a persons emotions.Emotions can contradict what a person says.Not inferred:People always say what they are feeling.Lie detectors cause changes in emotions.63. It can be concluded from the passage that _.（江苏06NMET）A. everyone is happy about reality TVB. reality TV will do well in many countriesC. all the people in Europe are in favor of reality TVD. reality TV will not be broadcast in any countries（Now more than 20 countries around the world have Big Brother or Expedition Robinson on their TV screens But not everyone is happy about reality TV. In France, reality TV is called rubbish TV）69. It can be inferred from the passage that the author thought the exercises in the book were _.（江苏06NMET）A. popular B. useful C. scientific D. creative（As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more）（I find that creativity (创新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (D)59. The last paragraph implies that . （广东06NMET） A. the bees have been driven to Central and North America B. the bees may bring about trouble in more countries C. the bees must be stopped from moving north D. the bees prefer to live in Brazil（But now they are on the move, heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America, and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them.）（B）44. Who was supposed to be the first owner of the book? （全国06NMET2） A. An official of the UN. B. A coffee shop owner. C. A friend of the authors. D. Alexs friend form California.（The man opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack(背包) and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it.）（D）B、用文中的语言表达、写作风格、内容思想来推理。解题的着眼点就在于措辞和写作风格，也就是观察文章使用的词汇、使用的结构、细节描写的程度、语言的正式程度等。相关问题如下：l The passage would most likely be found inl The passage was probably written by l For whom is the passage written?56. Who is the passage written for?(北京06NMET) A. Children. B. Parents. C. Breadwinners. D. Bank managers.（Most likely, you arent the family breadwinner. But doing a small job or getting a weekly allowance (零花钱) would put some money in your pocket.）（A）6、作者的写作意图和态度问题法 回答这样的问题通常在文章主旨大意的基础，根据全文的意思进行推理。关于作者态度的有关问题文中描述作者态度倾向性的词汇是解题的关键。63. This story wants to tell us that .(广东06NMET) A. craftsmen make a lot of money B. whatever you do, do it well C. craftsmen need self-respect D. people are born equal“No,” I replied, “the other fellow cant do it well.” , his pride in his craft. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.)（B）56. The text is written mainly_.(全国06NMET1)A. to tell people how to raise greyhoundsB. to let people know more about greyhoundsC. to explain why greyhounds are aggressiveD. to describe greyhounds of different colorsMain idea of the passage is that greyhounds are racing dogs as well as great pets (B)71. The main purpose of the passage is to _.（江苏06NMET）A. show how useful the book is B. explain what creativity isC. discuss how one can be creative D. tell what teaching aims atI find that creativity (创新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (流利程度).Creativity has become a popular word in recent years. Scholar in the arts, psychology (心理学) , business, education, and science are all working to get a deeper understanding of it. (B)72. How does the author feel about his childhood? （安徽06NMET）A. It was endless. B. It was unpleasant.C. He is glad that it is over.D. He misses it as a grown-up（How can I regain childhood when it was an illusion?）（D）7、篇章结构问题法篇章结构的有关问题主要考察对文章写作逻辑的理解和归纳。关于Which of the following is the correct order of? 和 How is the text organized?这类问题主要是考察文章的组织结构如：Chronological order, order of importance, compare and contrast, cause and effect 和logical division等。关于. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?这类问题主要看文章的开头或文章的结尾。43. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders? （浙江06 NMET） a. He ran his first marathon. b. He skied alone in the North Pole. c. He rode his bike in a forest. d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole. A. a c d bB. c d a b C a c b dD c a b d 48. How is the text organized? （浙江06 NMET） A. In order of timeB. In order of frequency. C. In order of preference. D. In order of importance. 71. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?（安徽06NMET）A. Another class of firesB. Another type of extin