英语肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句讲解及练习.doc

小学英语肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的讲解与练习

二．句子的种类
类别
用法
标点
例句
陈述句
肯定
叙述一件事情或 说明说话人的看法

.

This is a bag.
That's my book.
否定
I can’t see a bag over there.
I don't know.
疑问句
一般
用于提出问题
?

Are you a student?
Do you like puppets?
Can you speak English?
特殊
用于提出问题
?

What's your name?
Where's my bag?
How many trees are there?

用于提出问题
?

选择
Is your friend a boy or a girl?

反意
用于提出问题
?

It's a fine day, isn't it?

祈使句
表示命令或请求、建议
.或！

Put it here!
Look at the noticeboard.
感叹句
表示惊讶\赞美\愤怒 等强烈情感
！

How smart!

Glad to see you!
What a nice pencil case!

一、be动词：am, is, are
二、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义
1．肯定句：表示肯定的意思, 即不含有否定词“不”。
比如：我是一个学生 I am a student.
他去上学 He goes to school.
2．否定句：表示否定的意思。
比如：我不是一个男孩。 I am not a boy.
他不去上学 He does not go to school.
3. 一般疑问句：回答为“是yes”或者“否no”的问句。
比如：你是一个学生吗？ Are you a student?
你喜欢英语吗？ Do you like English?
4. 特殊疑问句：回答不是“是yes”或者“否no”的问句，根据提问内容具体回答。
比如：现在几点了？ What’s the time?
哪一支笔是你的？ Which is your pen?
三、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换
有am, is, are的句子，
肯定句变否定句：在am, is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。
肯定句变一般疑问句：把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, Are,其余照抄。
肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤
第一步：先变一般疑问句。
第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分。
第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。
注意：1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变，
为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。
如：Liming 's not here today.　　Who's not here today? 今天谁没来？
2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
when 什么时间（问时间）
who 谁（问人）
whose 谁的 问主人
where 在哪里 问地点
which 哪一个 问选择
why 为什么 问原因
what 什么 问东西
what time 什么时间 问时间
what colour 什么颜色 问颜色
what about…怎么样 问意见
what day 星期几 问星期
what date 什么日期 问具体日期
what place什么地点问具体地址
how …怎么样 问情况
how old 多大 问年龄
how many 多少 问数量
how much 多少 问价钱
how about …怎么样 问意见
how far 多远 问路程
how long 多长 问时间
How soon 多快，多久 问时间
How often多久 问频率

例如：
1． 肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换
肯定句：This is a book.
否定句：This is not a book.
一般疑问句：Is this a book?
肯定回答：Yes, it is.
否定回答：No, it isn’t.
2． 就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)
This is a book.
第一步：变一般疑问句 Is this a book?
第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ?
第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this?
没有am, is, are的句子，
肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形。
肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形。
肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤。
第一步：先变一般疑问句。
第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分。
第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。
注意：1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变，为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。
2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
非单三时用do, 单三时用does。
非单三 肯定句：I like English.
一般疑问句：Do you like English?
否定句：I do not like English.
单三 肯定句：He likes English.
一般疑问句：Does he like English?
否定句：He does not like English.
就划线部分提问：I like English.
第一步：先变一般疑问句 Do you like English?
第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?
第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。
What do you like?

特殊：
1.some变为any。如：
There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。如：
I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：
They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet。如：
I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.

练习：
Class:                  Name:                  
(     )1. Good morning!                     !
A.Morning !        B.Hello !      C.Hi !
(     )2. Nice to see you again !                      .
A.How are you ?        B.Nice to see you , too .   C.How do you do ?
(     )3.Good night,mom !                 
A.Night !       B.Good night !     C.Good evening .
(     )4.How do you do ?                      
A.How are you ?     B.Fine,thanks .     C.How do you do ?
(     )5.How many story books do you have ?                   
A.I have 10.      B.I can see 10.      C.Thirty yuan.
(     )6.Do you have new teachers?                 
A.Yes,we do .     B.Yes,we don’t.     C.Yes,we have .
(     )7.Who’s your art teacher ?                       
A.Mr Zhu.       B.Miss Zhu.        C.He’s tall.
(     )8.What’s he like?                  
A.He’s tall and strong .  B.Yes,he is.  C.Mr Zhu.
(     )9.Is your English teacher young?               
A.No,she isn’t.     B.Yes,she is .    C.No,she is.
(     )10.                ?    Her name is Chen Jie.
A.What’s your name ?  B.What’s she name ?  C.What’s her name ?
(     )11.                ? I like Chinese,math and English.
A.What classes do you like?   B.What do you like?  C.What are you like ?
(     )12.                ? We have English and P.E.
 A.What do you have on Mondays ?       B.What do you have ?
 C.What do you have on Monday?
(     )13.                ? It’s Monday.
A.What is it today ? B.What day is it today ?  C.What day is today ?
(     )14.                ? I watch TV and do my homework.
A.What do you do ?   B.What do you do in Mondays? 
C.What do you do on Sundays ?
(     )15.May I have a look ?                  
A.Sure.Here you are .   B.Look !     C.Here you are .
(     )16.Our math teacher is                 Canada.
A.from    B.in     C.at 
(     )17.I              three new teachers.
A.has     B.am   C.have
(     )18.What’s        Chinese teacher like ?
A.you     B.your    C.you’re
(     )19.My P.E.teacher is          thin.
A.too      B.so    C.very
(     )20.There are            days in a week.
A.six     B.seven    C.eight
(     )21.There are            month(月)in a year(年).
A.ten     B.eleven      C.twelve
(     )22.I often watch TV               Saturday .
A.on       B.in       C.at
(     )23.I like P.E.          I don’t lime music.
A.but     B.and     C.so
(     )24.This is            apple.   It is          red apple.
A.a , a       B.an,an          C.an, a
(     )25.What               do you like ?
A.classes        B.class       C.class’s
六年级英语测试题
Class:                  Name:                  
(     )1. How are you ?                   
A.Fine,thanks.      B.Yes,it is.        C.How are you ?
(     )2. Nice to meet you !                   
A.Fine,thank you.    B.OK.      C.Nice to meet you ,too !
(     )3. How do you go to school ?                  
A.I go to Canada by plane. B.I go to school by bike.  C.What about you ?
(     )4. How do you go to the USA ?                      
A.I usually go to school by bus. B.I go to England by ship.  C.I go by plane.
(     )5.                      ?   My home is near the post office.
A. Where is your home ? B.OK.   C.See you then!
(     )6. See you at 2 o’clock.                 
A.See you then !    B.The fifth floor.   C.It’s easy.
(     )7.                   ?   You can go by the No.15 bus.
A.It’s not far.    B. How can I get to Zhongshan Park ?   C.Sure.
(     )8. Where is the hospital?                  
A.Next to the cinema.   B.Thank you .     C.You’re welcome.
(     )9. Excuse me ,is there a cinema near here ?                  
A.Yes,there is .    B.No,it’s not far.    C.It’s near the post office.
(     )10.                 ?   It’s near the post office.
A.Yes,there is .    B.No,it’s not far.    C. Where is the library?
(     )11.                   ?  It’s next to the hospital.
A. Where is the cinema ,please ?   B.Is it far ?      C.Go straight.
(     )12. How can I get to the hospital ?                 
A.It’s next to the hospital.  B.You can go by the No.201 bus. C.Thank you.
(     )13.Thank you .             
A.Thank you .     B.OK.      C.You’re welcome.
(     )14. How can I get to the museum?               
A.Go straight.Then turn left.  B.Thank you .  C.It’s east of the cinema .
(     )15. Where is the post office ?                    
A.Go straight.Then turn left.  B.Thank you .  C.It’s east of the cinema .
(     )16. What are you going to do this evening ?                
A.I’m going to the cinema .  B.I go to school on foot.  C.Yes,it is.
(     )17. Is it far ?                     
A.No,it is .         B.Yes , it is .          C.Yes,it isn’t.
(     )18.         do you go to school ?
A.What          B.Where           C.How
(     )19. I go to school           bike.
A.on        B. by         C.get
(     )20. Can I go       foot ?
A.by          B.at           C.on
(     )21.How can I         to the post office ?
A.near         B. get          C.for
(     )22.          me.
A. Excuse         B. How         C.next
(     )23.           birthday to you !
A. After         B.Happy       C.First
(     )24. The hospital is            the left.
A. at        B.in          C.on
(     )25.         is the bookstore ?
A.Where        B.How           C.When
四年级英语测试题
Class:                  Name:                  
(     )1.Good afternoon !              
A.Hello!          B.Hi !          C.Afternoon !
(     )2.Nice to see you again !              
A.How are you ?   B.Hello !       C.Nice to see you , too.
(     )3.Good night,moom !             
A.Good evening !        B.Good night !     C.Night !
(     )4.How are you ?            
A.Fine,thank you .    B.I am 10.    C.Nine .
(     )5.How do you do ?                 
A.Fine ,Thank you .   B.How are you ?     C.How do you do ?
(     )6.How old are you ?               
A.How are you ?       B.I am 11.         C.I have 11.
(     )7.                    ? I have 23.
A.How many books do you have ?  B.How many books can you see?
C.How many book do you have ?
(     )8.                 ?  I can see 6.
A.How many lights do you have ?  B.How many lights can you see ?
C.How many light can you see ?
(     )9.May I have a look ?                 
A.Sure.Here you are .      B.Look!     C.Sure.Here are you .
(     )10.                ? 50 yuan.
A.How much is this schoolbag ? B.How many is this schoolbag ?
C.How much are this schoolbag ?
(     )11.Where’s my seat ?                    
A.It’s near the door.    B.It’s on the door.    C.It’s under the door.
(     )12.Let’s clean the desks and chairs.             
A.All right !         B.Hello !           C.It’s nice .
(     )13.What’s this ?               
A.There is a board .    B.It’s a bee.    C.It’s bee.
(     )14.            ? My name is Mike.
A.Here are you ?          B.What’s your name ?    C.How do you do ?
(     )15.Who’s the inventor of paper ?             
A.Chinese people.       B.Oh! Great !          C.Hello!
(     )16.I             a student. You              a teacher.
A.am  ,am             B.are, are            C.am, are
(     )17.This           a boy.His name               Zhang Peng.
A.is, is        B.am   , is        C.is ,  are
(     )18.Let          clean the fish bowl.
A.I           B. me     C.my
(     )19.This is       apple.It is          red apple .
A.an ,an       B.a,   a           C.an,  a
(     )20.We         a new classroom.
A.are          B.have            C.has
(     )21.There          a bee in our classroom.
A. is        B.are       C.am
(     )22.         have a new schoolbag.        schoolbag is heavy.
A.I , my           B.I ,My          C.My , I
(     )23.Put your English book              your head.
A.at      B.in       C.on
(     )24.There           many books in the desk.
A.am          B.is                C.are
(     )25.How many       do you have ?   A.pencil    B.pencils     C.pencils.

三年级英语测试题
Class:                  Name:                  
(     )1.当向别人打招呼时，应该说：
 A.Hello.           B.Good morning .
(     )2.How are you ? 的正确答语是：
 A.name     B.I’m fine,thank you .
(     )3.当想知道别人的名字时，应该说：
 A.What’s your name ?      B.See you.
(     )4.字母K的小写是：
 A.k         B.
(     )5.Nice to meet you 的意思是:
 A.见到你很高兴。  B.你好吗？
(     )6.向别人告别时，应该说：
 A.Good bye!      B.Hi.
(     )7.Jenny is a           
 A.boy             B.girl
(     )8.Li Ming is a          
 A.boy           B.girl
(     )9.Jenny lives in           
 A.Canada.           B.China.
(     )10.字母P的大写是：
 A.P            B.q
(     )11.当向别人说谢谢时，应该说：
 A.Nice to meet you .  B.See you later.
(     )12.早上好的正确答语是：
 A.Good morning .     B.See you later.’
(     )13.What’s this ？ It’s a             
 A.desk        B.book
(     )14.This is a            
 A.teacher      B.Danny
(     )15.This is a boy.What’s             name ?
 A.his       B.her

牛津英语小学部分语法——特殊疑问句
一．特殊疑问句
单词
意思
用法
when
什么时间
问时间
who
谁
问人
whose
谁的
问主人
where
在哪里
问地点
which
哪一个
问选择
why
为什么
问原因
what
什么
问东西
what time
什么时间
问时间
what colour
什么颜色
问颜色
what about
…怎么样
问意见
what day
星期几
问星期
what date
什么日期
问具体日期
what for
为何目的
问目的
how
…怎么样
问情况
how old
多大
问年龄
how many
多少
问数量
how much
多少
问价钱
how about
…怎么样
问意见
how far
多远
问路程
练一练
1、A: _______ is the boy in blue?        B:He’s Mike.
2、A: _______ wallet is it?             B:It’s mine.
3、A: _______ is the diary?             B:It’s under the chair.
4、A: _______ is the Chirstmas Day?     B: It’s on the 25th of December.
5、A: _______ are the earphones?        B:They are 25 yuan.
6、A: _______ is the hairdryer?          B:It’s blue.
7、A: _______ is it today?              B:It’s Sunday.
8、A: _______ was it yesterday?         B: It was the 13th of October.
9、A: _______ this red one?            B:It’s beautiful.
10、A: _______ is it from here?         B:It’s about two kilometre away.
11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons?
B: _______ ?                    A: I want to make a kite.
12、A:_______ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one?   B: The blue one.
13、A:_______ is your cousin?    B: He’s 15 years old.
14、A:_______ do you have dinner?   B: At 6 o’clock

对划线部分提问。（把各句变为特殊疑问句）
1、 对主语（人）提问：
The boy is running now. Who is running now?
2、 对表语（人）提问：
He is Lily’s father. Who is he ?
3、 对介宾（人）提问：
She is looking for the little boy. Who is she looking for ?
4、 对动宾（人）提问：
I often help Wei Hua with English. Who do you often help with English?
5、 对间宾（人）提问：
Kate lent Tom a ball yesterday. Who did Kate lend a ball yesterday?
6、 对主语（东西）提问：
The books are on the desk.. What are on the desk ?
7、 对表语（东西）提问：
These are boats. What are these?
8、 对动宾（东西）提问：
I want a cup of tea. What do you want?
9对职业（提问）提问：
The man is a farmer. What is the man ? What does the man do?
10.对介宾（东西）提问：
He is looking for his pen. What is he looking for?
11、对是什么提问：
It’s a Chinese car. What is it?
12、对计算结果提问：
Six and nine is fifteen. What is six and nine?
13、对年级提问：
I’m in Grade Three. What grade are you in?
14、对班级提问：
Li Lei is in Class Five. What class is Li Lei in?
15、对年级和班级提问：
Wei Hua is in Class Three Grade One, What class and grade is Wei hua in ?
16、对排提问:
We are in Row One. What row are you in?
注：１、对年级、班级、排提问时，问句中的in 不能去掉．
２，what 后的grade ,class ，row用小写形式．
3,what根据实际译为汉语．
17、对学号提问:
Lucy is Number Six. What number is Lucy? What is Lucy’s number?
18、对后置定语提问:
This is a map of China. What map is this ?
19、对颜色提问:
The flowers are red. What color are the flowers?
20、对几点几分提问:
It’s six. What time is it ?