高中英语语法讲解：名词+省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,名词数,名词全部格,名词单复数改变,可数名词,不可数名词,NOUN.,第1页,名词分类,名词能够分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：,1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中个体，如：gun。,2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成集合体，如：family。,3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体实物，如：air。,4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。,个体名词和集体名词能够用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词普通无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。,第2页,不可数名词(U),普通情况下，不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不与不定冠词a(n)连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,Milk is my favourite food.,Water is very important to us all.,特殊情况：,1)假如不可数名词表示特指，则必须与定冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。,The milk,in the cup was bad.,第3页,2)当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)。,a piece of advice/bread/chalk/news etc.,a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers etc.,two bottles of ink/milk/wine etc.,3)部分带有形容词修饰语不可数名词能够用来表示“一个”,“一段”,“一类”等，常与不定冠词a(n)连用。,for a long time take a great interest,live a hard life make a fire,下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用,。,第4页,advice weather knowledge homework,progress fun news housework,information furniture traffic work baggage,equipment air luck rice paper progress,4)有些名词使用方法随意义改变而不一样。,coffee(咖啡)a coffee(一杯咖啡),glass (玻璃)a glass (玻璃杯),man (人类)a man (男人),iron (铁)an iron(熨斗),room （空间）a room（房间）,work （工作 ）a work（著作）,paper （报纸）a paper（报社）,hair （头发）hairs（几根头发）,第5页,二、名词间相互转化,1物质名词转化为可数名词,物质名词普通为不可数名词，但有些物质名词能够转化为可数名词。,(1)当物质名词转化为个体名词时，是可数。如：,The bridge is made of stone.(不可数),The bridge is made of 20,000 stones.(可数),(2)当物质名词表示份数时，是可数。如：,Tea is very good for our health.,Two teas,please.,请来两杯茶。,第6页,2抽象名词详细化,抽象名词普通是不可数名词，但在以下情况下可转化为可数名词：,(1)表示详细人或事。请比较：,Failure is the mother of success.(success表示抽象概念),The meeting was a great success.(success表示详细事情),第7页,典例,(安徽名校联考，21),One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.,A不填 Bthe,Ca Done,解析：,C。knowledge本为不可数名词，但当它被形容词修饰时，就详细化了，此时其前应加a/an，意为“对了解；有方面知识”。所以答案为C项。,第8页,)部分以-s结尾专有名词指某一事物名称惯用做单数。,The United States,is,made up of 50 states.,The United Nations,has,sent an official there.,不过，,The Olympic Games,are,held every four years.,2.可数名词：,个体名词(worker,pen,dog etc.),集体名词(family,group,police etc.),利用标准：,适当冠词C或pl形式。,A horse is a kind of animals.,The horse is a kind of animals.,Horses run faster than donkeys.,第9页,复数名词组成方式：,名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读s;浊辅音和元音后读z.,desks dogs apples days,以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾名词加-esiz.,buses watches boxes classes,以“辅音y”结尾名词，先把y变成i,再加上-es iz.,factories countries cities babies,以“元音y”结尾名词，或以y结尾专有名词直接加-sz.,boys days Germans,第10页,5)以”辅音字母o”结尾名词，加-es iz,heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes,Heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.,大多数以o结尾外来词，缩略词直接加-s.,radios photos pianos zoos bamboos,7)以f和fe结尾名词复数有三种情况：,a)直接加-s.,一个首领（,chief,）带着一个农奴（,serf,）在海湾（,gulf,）悬崖（,cliff,）上信仰（,belief,）一个屋顶（,roof,）上面有个保险箱（,safe,）证据（,proof,）,第11页,b)变f或fe 为-ves.,一个贼人(,thief,)妻子(,wife,)冒着生命(,life,)危险用半(,half,)片树叶(,leaf,)似小刀(,knife,)杀死了架子（,shelf,）上一只狼(,wolf,)。,c)handkerchief 和 scarf复数形式有两种,。,handkerchiefs handkerchieves,scarfs scarves,8)以th结尾名词后直接加-s.,mouths paths months,9)不规则改变,footfeet tooth-teeth goose-geese,childchildren mousemice,第12页,单复数同形。,sheep deer fish(fishes),表示“某国人”名词,。,中日情谊是一致(单复数同形),Chinese Japanese Swiss,英法联盟a改e Englishman Frenchman,其它普通加-s Germans Americans,复合名词复数,boy friend gold watch,passer-by sister-in-law,man doctor woman singer,s,es,s,s,men doctors,women,singers,第13页,有些名词复数形式表示尤其意义。,papers,(报纸，稿件),works,(工厂，作品),times,(时代),drinks,(饮料),manners,(礼貌),部分物质名词能够用复数表示种类。,silks fruits foods,word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用，也不用复数。,Word came that he won the first prize keep ones word,have a word/a few words with sb.,have words with sb.leave word,in a word in other words,备注：,有些名词只有复数形式。比如。,goods,(货物)glasses(眼镜),compasses,(圆规),thanks,(感激),clothes,(衣服),remains,(遗物，遗体),trousers,(裤子)cattle(牛群）police 警察 people 人们,守信,与某人说话,与某人吵嘴,留言,简而言之,换句话说,第14页,3总是表示复数意义名词,集体名词people,police,cattle总是表示复数意义，不能说a people,a police,a cattle，但能够说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle。,The police are searching for the stolen boy.,The cattle are feeding on the grassland.,链接,有些名词只用复数形式：trousers,congratulations,thanks,goods,clothes,socks,shoes,belongings,savings。,第15页,4单复数同形名词,有些名词复数形式同原形。这些名词有：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,li,(里),jin,(斤),yuan,(元),mu,(亩),means(方式，方法)等。,All possible means have been tried.,Every possible means has been tried.,点拨,对于单复数同形名词，一定要从题中找出关键信息(如谓语动词单复数形式)，来确定其到底是表示单数意义还是复数意义。,第16页,典例,(西安第三次质检，14),Every possible means _，but it seems that nothing will prevent the situation from getting worse.,A.has tried B.have tried,C.has been tried D.have been tried,解析：,C。考查语态和主谓一致。句意：每一个可能方法都已经被尝试过了，不过看起来什么也不能阻止局势恶化。由句意可知，应该用被动语态；means单复数同形，不过能够从every可知，应该是单数；所以答案选C。,第17页,名词普通使用方法,名词做定语,1.修饰另一名词时,普通用单数,*He has two,pencil-boxes.,*There are three,banana trees,over there.,2.,man woman,用做定语时,应与后面名词保持数一致,*We need,a man teacher.,*They are all,women workers.,第18页,3.,sports,clothes,做定语时,仍用复数形式,*a sports field*a clothes shop,a parents meeting,4.,当数词与单位名词一起做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。,*He is a,fourteen-year-old,boy.,*This is a,two-hour,plan.,第19页,名词做主语时,应注意名词数，防止主谓不一致。,*Her family,is,a large one and her family,are,all teachers.,她家是一个大家庭,她家人都是老师。,*There,is,a pair of glasses on the desk.,桌上有一副眼镜,第20页,名词全部格,表示名词间所相关系“”,一.名词全部格组成方法,1.单数名词后加,“s”有生命名词,*Tom s book *my friend s uncle,2.以,s,结尾复数名词,则在s后加“,”即可,*Teachers Day *two weeks holiday,第21页,链接,不定代词后接else时，其全部格放在else之后。如：somebody elses bag,somebody elses books。,2s全部格使用方法,(1)常表示有生命东西。如：Toms birthday,the dogs owner。,(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如：,时间：a days work(一天工作)，todays newspaper；,距离：twenty minutes ride,five minutes walk,a miles distance；,第22页,天体：the suns heat,the moons surface；,度量衡与货币价值：ten dollars worth,twenty pounds weight；,国家、城市等：Chinas industry,the citys development,the governments plan,Chinas development。,Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）,第23页,(3)表示某人家或店铺。如：at the doctors在诊所，the tailors裁缝铺，the barbers剪发店，at my uncles在我叔叔家。,3of全部格组成,the全部物of(this,that，.the,my/their.)无生命之物。,第24页,4of全部格使用方法,of全部格主要用于无生命事物，也能够用于有生命事物。如：the window of the house;a map of Japan;the name of the girl standing at the gate。,Does anyone know the title of the novel?,They have the support of people of the developing countries.,第25页,3.不以,s,结尾复数名词全部格,仍按通例加,“s”,*Children s Day *men s shoes,4.用of加名词，组成所属关系短语，主要用于表示无生命名词所相关系,*a picture of the classroom,不过有些表示时间、距离、国家、等无生命东西名词，能够加“s”来组成全部格。,todays newspaper，ten minutes walk，Chinas problem，,第26页,表示时间：,一周休假,a weeks holiday,明天天气,tomorrows weather,两年时间之内,in two years time,十分钟休息,ten minutes break,两小时耽搁,two hours delay,也能够用a tenminute break，a two-hour delay：,我们有十分钟休息时间。,We have ten minutes break,We have a tenminute break,第27页,二.名词全部格几个注意点,1.可用名词全部格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略,*my aunts,(,home,）,(我姑姑家）,*go to the teachers,(,office,）,(去老师办公室）,2.有些名词全部格可用两种形式,*the cats name/the name of the cat,*Chinas capital/the capital of China,第28页,3.表示两人共同拥有,在最终一个名词后加“,s,”,*Lucy and Lilys room,露西和莉莉房间（两人共有一间房间）,请区分:,Lucys and Lilys rooms,露西房间和莉莉房间,（两人各有一间房间）,第29页,在表示全部物名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，惯用“of+名词s”形式来表示所相关系，且of后面名词普通都表示人，不能表示物。,如：a friend of my fathers，that book of Peters，two bags of his sisters,第30页,1.The rich_not always happy.,A.are B.is C.have D.has,2.In Britain,_are all painted red.,A.letter boxes B.letters boxes,C.letter box D.letters box,3.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen,C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans,4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_.,A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_.,A.a good news B.a piece of news,C.many good news D.two news,课时训练,第31页,6.We can do the work better with_money and,_ people.,A.less,fewer B.fewer,less,C.little,little D.few,few,7.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China.,A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities,8.Would you like_?,A.some more meat B.any more meat,C.many more meat D.more much meat,第32页,9.()This is my_ dictionary.A.sister Mary B.sisters Mary,C.sister,Marys D.sisters Marys,10.Joan is_.A.Marys and Jack sister B.Mary and Jacks sister C.Mary and Jack sister D.Marys and Jacks sister,11.()The football under the bed is_.A.Lily and Lucy B.Lilys and Lucys,C.Lilys and Lucy D.Lily and Lucys,12.()Its about _ walk from my house.A.ten minute B.ten minutes C.ten minutes D.ten minutes,第33页,13.()_ face to the south.A.Windows of the room B.The windows of the room C.The rooms windows D.The windows in room,14.()Miss Smith is a friend of_.A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother,C.mothers of Mary D.Mary mothers,15.The_ shoes were covered with mud,so I asked them to take them off before they got into_ car.,A.girls;Toms B.girls;Toms,C.girls;Toms D.girls;Toms,第34页,16.The police visited some of the _who witnessed the accident and came to know the truth of what had happened.,passer-by B.passer-bys,C.passers-by D.Passers-bys,17.There are 82 _teachers and 1568 _,Students.,A.Woman;girl B.women;girl,C.women;girls D.woman;girls,第35页,典例,(江西),The _shoes were covered with mud,so I asked them to take them off before they got into _car.,A.girls;Toms B.girls；Toms,C.girls；Toms D.girls;Toms,解析：,C。句意：这些女孩鞋子满是泥，所以我让她们把鞋脱下来再上汤姆车。由句中them判断girl用复数形式girls，其全部格作定语直接在词尾加“”；专有名词Tom全部格是Toms，故选C。,第36页,Homework:,Revise the grammar,Thank you.,Bye.,第37页,