过去分词的用法讲解以及练习.doc

过去分词的用法讲解以及练习
1.构成:规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。　　
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写辅音字再+“ ed ”。
（5）不规则动词，见课后不规则表 see—saw—seen
2.用法：非谓语动词除了包括不定式、动名词,还包括过去分词。过去分词又称-ed分词,在句中要和其它成分连用可以构成句子的谓语,单独的话也可以用作句子的表语、定语，宾补和状语。
一：过去分词要和其它成分连用构成句子的谓语。
1.have/. has +过去分词 （现在完成时）
Eg：I haven’t been out much recently.我最近没太出门。
2.had+过去分词（过去完成时）
Eg：It was said that he had been arrested.
3.be+过去分词（被动语态）
Eg：The book was written by Luxun.
二：单独使用的话做非谓语，可以用作句子的表语、定语，宾补和状语。
1. 动词-ed形式作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成，不表被动.如：
cooked food; boiled water------boiling water
fried chips fallen leaves----- falling leaves;
iced beer； the risen sun----- the rising sun
The excited people rushed into building. Lost time can never be found again.
(2)后置定语
①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked. 2. The books left are for my students.
② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
The concert given by their friends was a success
The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．
实战练习一： 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Among the （invite） were some ladies.
2. Mr. Smith, ____（tire ）of the speech, started to read a __ __ （bore）novel.
3. We must adapt our thinking to the （change） conditions.
4. He didn’t notice the （surprise） look on her face
2.、动词-ed形式作表语
常放在be 或系动词之后，过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或感受等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter．
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．
【注意】1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的感受和状态,而被动语态则表示动作.
　(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.表示动作)
　　(2) The library is now closed..(过去分词作表语)
2.作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。被动态却不行
1.I was very pleased at the news． 2. He grew much tired of the work．3. He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, V-ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书
实战练习二： 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.He seemed quite （delight） at the idea．
2.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ （pay）by the hour.
3.As we joined the big crowd I got ____（lose） from my friends.
3.动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:
　　1. 表示感官动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English.
　　(2)He found his hometown greatly changed.
　　2.使役动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
1.） 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.　　(3) Don't leave those things undone.
2.） 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所遭受的经历.
如: He had his money stolen..
　　He had his leg broken.
　　3. 表示爱憎，意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。如：
(1)I wanted two tickets booked.
2)He didn’t wish the matter mentioned.
　 4.with +宾语+过去分词"的结构
　　此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(2) With the matter settled, we all went home.
区别练习
1.With a lot of homework （do）,I can‘t go out.
2.With a lot of homework （finish）,I am tired.
3.With the baby （cry）,I couldn’t fall asleep.
With的其他用法归纳：With+名词+介词短语/形容词/副词
1.Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.
2.She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.
3.She sleeps with the window open.
4.Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.
实战练习三： 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I’ll have my photo ______ (take) tomorrow.
2. I want my homework ______ (finish) by Sunday.
3. I turned around because I heard my name ______ (call).
4.With his homework (finish), Peter went out to play football.
5. I had my purse (steal) on the bus.
4.过去分词作为状语
常放在句首，有时候也在句尾，过去分词作状语语逻辑主语之间表示被动的和完成的动作. 如
1.He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
2.Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作6种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式和伴随状语。
1. When seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
2..Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
3..Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
4. Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.
5.He came in, followed by a group of students.
注意①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以把从句的主语和be动词省略，
②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
2.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语) 因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语) 常见的有: worried (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed/lost in (/陷入。。。); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)interested in Faced with（ 面对）等。如：Absorbed/lost in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
_ Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
5、过去分词作独立成分
如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
实战练习四：用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.
2. _____ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.
3. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
4. （move） by what my mother said, I couldn’t help crying.
5. When (ask )where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker.
实战练习
1.—Can those ____（seat） at the back of the classroom hear me? —No problem.
2.Most of the artists _____（ invite） to the party were from South Africa.
3.Prices of daily foods ______ （buy）through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.
4.--- Good morning. Can I help you?
--- I’d like to have this package _____（weigh） madam.
5.To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English____ （speak）as much as we can.
6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____（carry） out the next year.
7.Please remain _____ （seat）; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
8.___（lose）in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
9.If ___（give） the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well. 10._____ （found）in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
11.When_____ （compare） with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
12.Unless __ _（invite） to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
13.When _____,（invite） the museum will be open to the public next year.
14.The research is so designed that once _____（begin） nothing can be done to change it.
15.　____（give）_ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
16.The computer center, _______（open） last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
17.Friendship is like money: easier made than ______（keep）.
 18.The book is ______（interest）and I'm ______（interest） in it
19. ______（catch） in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
20. She stood in front of him, with her eyes ______（fix） on his face.
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