only的用法.doc

only的用法

only是一个在英语中出现频率很高的词，它的意思繁多，用法复杂，不少学生常误用。

一、only用作形容词

1. 与the连用，意为“惟一的”，作定语。如：

John is the only boy in his family.

约翰是家里惟一的男孩。

She is the only girl here who knows how to drive a car.

她是这儿惟一会开车的姑娘。

Jeremy is the only friend who lives near, all my other friends live far away.

杰里米是我惟一住得近的朋友，其余的朋友都住得很远。

2. only可修饰复数名词，意为“仅有的、惟一的一些”，作定语。如：

They were the only people present.

出席的只有他们这些人。

3. 与an连用，意为“单独的”，作定语。如：

Jim was an only son of his parents.

吉姆是他父母的独子。

4. 与the连用，意为“最好的、最适当的”，作定语。如：

She is the only person for the job.

她是做这项工作的最佳人选。

He is the only man for me.

对于我来说，他是最合适的人。

The only thing to do on a hot day is to go swimming.

在热天最理想的事就是去游泳。

二、only用作副词

1. 常位于所修饰的动词、短语或从句前，意为“只是、仅仅”。如：

At present we can only wait and see.

目前我们只好等一等看。

I only touched it.

我只不过摸了它一下。

I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.

我惟一遗憾的是：我仅有一次生命可以贡献给我的祖国。

He only walks to save money��he doesn”t really like walking.

他只是为了省钱而步行，并不是真正喜欢步行。

Father gave me this computer only for my birthday.

只是因为我过生日，父亲才送给我这台电脑。

My sister is in bed only because she is ill.

我姐姐在床上躺着，仅仅是因为她病了。

2. 意为“反而”。如：

Failure only strengthened our determination.

失败反而使我们的决心更坚定了。

3. only和不定式连用常构成结果状语，表示与预料相反的结果，意思是“竟然……、结果……”。如：

He studied hard only to fail in the exam.

他这么用功，竟然在考场上失利。

He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.

他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。

My wife went home in a hurry only to find the door locked.

我妻子急忙回到家，结果却发现门锁着。

He tried a second time only to fail again.

他再试一次，竟然还是失败了。

三、用作并列连词

用作并列连词时，意为“但是、可是、可惜、不过”。如：

This dictionary is just what I want, only it costs too much.

这本词典正是我想要的，但是太贵了。

He is always ready to promise help, only he never keeps his promise.

他总是轻易许诺提供帮助，但是他从不遵守诺言。

The flowers are lovely, only they have no scent.

这些花朵很好看，可异没有香气。

I would do it with pleasure, only I am too busy.

我倒是很高兴去做，可是我太忙了。

You may come at any time, only you had better let me know beforehand.

你什么时候来都行，不过最好先告诉我一声。

四、only在句中的位置

only在句中的位置不同，会使全句的意思或着重点有所不同，一般来讲，only应紧接在它所修饰的词之前。试比较：

Only Tom watches TV at home on Sunday.

只有汤姆星期天在家看电视。（修饰主语）

Tom only watches TV at home on Sunday.

汤姆星期天在家只是看电视。（修饰谓语）

Tom watches only TV at home on Sunday.

汤姆星期天在家看的只是电视。（修饰宾语）

Tom watches TV only at home on Sunday.

汤姆星期天只是在家看电视。（修饰地点状语）

Tom watches TV at home only on Sunday.

汤姆只是星期天在家看电视。（修饰时间状语）

五、only与倒装语序

only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，要用倒装语序。如：

Only then did I realize the importance of health.

到那时我才认识到健康的重要性。

Only thus can we finish the task ahead of time.

只有这样我们才能提前完成任务。

Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.

只有用这种方式你才能从你的错误中吸取教训。

注意：only修饰主语时，句子不需要倒装。

Only he knows the truth.

只有他知道真相。

Only socialism can save China.

只有社会主义才能救中国。

Only she understood him.

只有她才理解他。

Only very careful readers can find this mistake.

只有非常细心的读者才会发现这个错误。

六、only的习惯用法

1. only too意为“很、非常、实在”。如：

We are only too pleased to watch this TV play.

我们非常喜欢看这部电视剧。

The news was only too true.

这消息是极其真实的。

I am only too glad to help you.

我实在很高兴帮助你。

2. only just（加强just的语气）意为“好容易、刚才、刚刚”。如：

The plane has only just taken off.

飞机刚刚才起飞。

I was only just in time for supper.

我好容易赶上吃晚饭。

3. if only意为“但愿、要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。如：

If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train.

要是我们按时到，就不会误车了。

If only I were younger!

要是我年轻些就好了。

If only it would stop raining!

但愿雨停下来。

注：if only有时也可以引导陈述语气的真实条件句，意为“只要……”。如：

If only it clears up, we”ll go.

只要天一放晴，我们就去。

4. only if引导陈述语气的真实条件句，意为“只要”。如：

Only if you study hard, you will pass the exam.

只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。

5. not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”。如：

Lu Xun was not only a great writer, but also a great thinker.

鲁迅不但是个伟大的文学家，而且是个伟大的思想家。

注：使用not only…but also的几个要点：

（1）连接主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语保持一致。如：

Not only he but also I have been to the Great Wall.

不但是他而且我也到过长城。

（2）连接谓语时，not前不可有助动词。如：

I not only heard it, but also saw it.

我不但听见，而且亲眼看见了。

He not only said it, but also did it.

他不但说了，而且也做了。

（3）连接除主语外的其他成分时，如果位于句首，not only后的主谓需要倒装，但but also后的主谓不能倒装。如：

Not only has he been to Canada, but also he knows some Canadians.

他不但去过加拿大，而且认识一些加拿大人。

6. one and only意为“惟一的”。如：

It is my one and only hope.

这是我惟一的希望。

疑难解答提问表
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请同学填全思路分析以上各项,否则老师将不回复问题!
学生姓名
王亚琴
年级
高三
科目
英语
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sl8wyxnm
问题描述
only结构倒装
注：请在此写下你要问的问题，一个附件只能粘贴一个问题 !
学生提问: I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
答：
D，我上学期考试没及格，只有到了那时，我才认识到学习的重要。
Only then在句首，句子半倒装，助动词提前。
Then 表示那时，常用在过去时，所以将助动词did 提前。
所以选择D
only引导的词组或句子放在句首作状语时，通常要用倒装结构。如

Only in this way can you solve the problem.只有通过这种方式你才能解决问题。

Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.只有努力学习才能通过考试。

Only then did I realize my mistake.只有那时我才意识到错了。
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年级
高三
学科
英语
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内容标题
only结构倒装
分类索引号
G.623.5
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only结构倒装
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请看下面两道高考题：
　　1. Only in this way ___________ progress in your English. (MET84) (B)
　　A. you make
　　B. can you make
　　C. you be able to make
　　D. will you able to make
　　2. He is the only one of the students who ___________ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海2002春招) (D)
　　A. is B. are
　　C. have been D. has been
　　再看本单元的一个句子：Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有那样我们才能保证自己对来自生活的挑战和机遇有充分的准备。
　　那么，考题1的答案为什么选B?考题2的答案为什么不选C?课文中的句子"Only in that way will we be ready ..."为什么不说成"Only in that way we will be ready..."?本文就此详细谈谈only的用法。
　　我们知道，only可作副词和形容词，意思是"仅；只"，其主要用法有如下几点：
　　1.在一般情况下，only通常放在它所修饰的成分之前。例如：
　　She saw only seven men.她看到的只有七个人。
　　We learned it only yesterday.我们昨天才知道这件事。
　　2. only修饰谓语时，通常放在动词之前。如果有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则放在这类词之后。例如：
　　He's only a worker.他只是个工人。
　　I've only read the book once.此书我只看过一次。
　　3. only修饰状语时，通常放在句子末尾。但有时为了加强状语的语气，也可将only及其后面的状语提前放在句首。这时，句子要用部分倒装语序，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。例如：
　　译：只是到了那时我们之间才有了更好的了解。
　　误：Only then we got to know each other better.
　　正：Only then did we get to know each other better.
　　正：We got to know each other better only then.
　　如果是复合句，只倒装主句部分，从句部分不倒装。例如：
　　Only after new China was founded was he able to go to school.只是在新中国成立后，他才能上学。
　　4. only doing sth.与only to do sth.都可作结果状语，区别是：only to do sth.表示主语难以预想的结果或结果出乎主语的意料之外；only doing sth.表示谓语动词的动作造成的结果。例如：
　　The sap passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter.液汁径直流过它们的体内,结果变得更浓、更甜。
　　Smith hurried home, only to find the door locked.史密斯急忙赶回家,结果却发现门锁着。
　　I worked hard, only to fail at last.我勤苦工作,结果却是失败。
　　5. only修饰定语从句的先行词时,定语从句的引导词通常用that,而不用which；only修饰"one of／among＋复数名词"这一结构时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。例如：
　　He is the only one of the students who has read the book.他是那些学生中惟一看过这本书的人。(不用have)
　　Guilin is the only city that he has been to.桂林是他去过的惟一的城市。(不用which)
　　巩固性练习：
　　1. Only when those conditions are right, ___________ a communist society.
　　A. there will really be
　　B. we will really have
　　C. will there really be
　　D. really we'll have
　　2. Only after I read the text over again ___________ its main idea.
　　A. that I knew
　　B. did I know
　　C. I could know
　　D. I did know
　　3. That's the only thing ___________ we can do now.
　　A. whichB. what
　　C. all D. that
　　4. Only ___________ when the train will arrive.
　　A. do the father and the son know
　　B. the father and the son know
　　C. the father and the son knew
　　D. did the father or the son know
　　5.The thief stole into the house only ___________ by the people there.
　　A. to be caughtB. to catch
　　C. catchingD. caught
　　6.Tom lifted a rock only ___________ it ___________ his own feet.
　　A. to drop; onB. drop; to
　　C. dropping; downD. dropped; on
　　7.Only when ___________ the painting ___________ decide whether the painting is worth buying.
　　A. he sees; he can
　　B. does he see; can he
　　C. he sees; can he
　　D. sees he; he can
　　8.This is the only one of the books ___________ we need.
　　A. thatB. which C. what D. all
　　9. Mary is the only one among the ___________ writers who ___________ stories for children.
　　A. woman; writesB. women; writes C. women; writeD. woman; write
　　参考答案:1-5 CBDBA 6-9 ACAB