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*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Tyranny of the Urgent,Charles E.Hummel,1/42,Tyranny:n.,unfair or cruel use of power or authority,e.g.the,tyranny,of military rule,(fig),submit to the,tyranny,of inflexible office hours,2/42,I,Pre-reading,Questions,1.Do you often feel pressed by time?Do you hate meeting deadlines?,2.Do you think you are successful in managing your time?Why or why not?Have you ever thought of ways to improve the management of your time?,3/42,II,Text,Background information:,The American View of Time,Americans treat time as if it were something almost tangible:they budget it,save it,waste it,steal it,kill it,and account for it;they also charge for it.It is,a precious commodity,.,Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in,engagement calendars,.These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes.,4/42,As a result,Americans work hard at,the task of saving time.They communicate rapidly,through telexes,phone calls or memos,rather than through personal contacts.People are meeting increasingly on television screens to settle problems by“teleconferences”.,In the U.S.,it is taken as a sign of,competence,to solve a problem,or fulfill a job successfully with,rapidity,.,Consider the Chinese view of time!,“The U.S.is definitely a telephone country.”,5/42,2.Text Analysis,This is a well-organized,argumentative,essay.,Para 1-2,Introductory part:,can not really help relieve people of the pressure.,Para 3-5,Body:,the pressure in our life originates from the mishandled problem of .,Para 6,Concluding part:,we are slaves to“,”.,the prolongation of time,priorities,the tyranny,of the urgent,6/42,Comprehension of the text,Part,（P1-2）,Qs:,1.How does the author introduce his topic?,2.Why do people wish for a thirty-hour day?Does the author believe that this extra time will help people to ease the pressure?,7/42,A1:The author introduces his topic with a,rhetorical questio,n.,A rhetorical questio,n,is a,figure of speec,h in the form of a,questio,n,posed for its rhetorical effect without the expectation of a reply(eg:Why me?).,Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to think about the(often obvious)answer to the question.,When a speaker states,How much longer must our people endure this injustice?,no formal answer is expected.Rather,it is a device used by the speaker,to achieve an emphasi,s.,8/42,A2:People always find themselves,in short supply of time,.An extra six hours may relieve them of the pressure.,No.The author does not think that the prolongation of time may solve the problem of short-age of time once for all,because ones work is endless,.With this extra time,he believes,people could only afford to do more work rather than all the work.,9/42,Language points,1.,trail,a long line or series of marks that is left by somebody/something,e.g.He went inside,leaving,a,trail,of,muddy footprints behind him.,Translate:飓风过后满目疮痍。,The hurricane left,a,trail,of,destruction behind it.,10/42,2.,haunt,to be always in the thoughts of;return repeatedly to the mind of,e.g.Thirty years after the earthquake he is still,haunted,by,images of death and destruction.,The memory of that day still,haunts,me.,(of ghosts)visit(a place)regularly:,a,haunted,house,11/42,3.,exacting,(of a person or piece of work)demanding much care,effort and attention,e.g.an,exacting,teacher/piece of work,Volunteers are needed for an,exacting,assignment.,synonym,demanding,exact v.insist on and obtain;require,e.g.,exact,obedience from ones staff,(fml)Her work,exacts,great care and attention.,12/42,Part 2,（P,3-5,）,Qs:,1)What is the problem of priorities?,2)When are people liable to frustration?,3)Why do people often delay an important task?,13/42,A1:What should people deal with first when confronted with endless tasks?,Urgent,vs.,I,mportant,14/42,A2:When they find numerous tasks unfinished and especially when they find that they have,left the important tasks aside.,A3:People are constantly driven by urgent tasks while they are usually,given,more time,to accomplish important tasks.As a result,they are likely to,lack a sense of urgency,for important tasks.,15/42,Language points,1.,dilemma,e.g.The doctor,faced a,dilemma,as whether he should tell the patient the truth or not.,The president finds himself,in a,dilemma,over how to tackle the crisis.,synonym,predicament,16/42,2.,priority,c something that is regarded as more important than others,Education is a,top priority,.,Our,first priority,is to improve standards.,Financial security was,high on his list of priorities,.,You need to,get your priorities right.,(American English),You need to,get your priorities straight,.,2),u,priority(over something),high or top place among various things to be done,Club members will be,given priority,.,The search for a new vaccine will,take priority over,all other medical research.,prioritize v.:to put tasks,etc.in order of importance,17/42,3.,misgiving,:,doubt,distrust,or fear,esp.about a future event,The plan seemed utterly impractical and I was,filled with,misgiving,about it.,Translate:我对是否接收那份工作顾虑重重。,I,have,serious,misgivings,about,taking that job.,18/42,4.,crowd out,to keep out for lack of space,e.g.,Pressure on study space has,crowded out,new students from many university libraries.,The article was,crowded out of,yesterdays edition.,prevent sb/sth from operating successfully,Translate:小商店受到大超市不停排挤。,Small shops are being,crowded out,by the big,supermarkets.,19/42,5.,He didnt realize how hard his maxim hit.It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the critical problem of priorities.(Para.4),rebuke：,to speak angrily to,e.g.He was,rebuked,for,cheating.,Paraphrase:,He did not realize what an impact his words had on me.They often return to my mind and reproach me with the grave problem of priorities.,20/42,Part 3（,P,6,）,Qs:,1)Why does the author say:A mans home is no longer his castle?,2）What does tyranny of the urgent mean?,21/42,Reference,A1:,A castle,is a strongly-built building against attacks,especially as in former times.In old days,one might be kept away from all the worries about work once he was back home.But in modem times,with the development of telecommunication,one can hardly avoid being interrupted,even when he is at home.,22/42,A2:The tyranny of the urgent implies that,the urgent things outweigh everything else.,As people tend to give priorities to things that are urgent,they are likely to neglect things that are important,but less urgent.,23/42,1.,breach,to break(a promise,agreement,etc.);to make a gap in,e.g.The government is accused of,breaching,the terms of the treaty.,breach,the enemy defences,breach n.(please refer to dictionary),24/42,2.,imperious,(too)commanding;expecting obedience from others,an,imperious gesture/look/command,高傲姿势、飞扬跋扈样子、专横命令,25/42,3.,devour,to use up all of something;to eat hungrily or greedily;destroy,Her job,devours,all her energy.,He,devoured,half of his burger in one bite.,fig She,devoured,the new detective story.,Translate:大火吞噬了大片森林。,fig Fire,devoured,a huge area of forest.,26/42,4.But in the light of times perspective their deceptive prominence fades;with a sense of loss we recall the important tasks pushed aside.,in the light of,in view of,considering,In the light of,recent incidents,we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.,prominence,the fact or quality of being well-known and important,Messi,came to prominence,during the World Cup in Germany.,Most of the papers,give prominence to,the same story.,27/42,Paraphrase:,But from a long-term perspective,they no longer seem to be important as they promised,and we suffer from a sense of loss when we recall those important tasks left undone.,28/42,Organization of the text,Thesis:,We should not let the urgent matters take priority over important ones.,Supporting idea 1:,The prolongation of the day would not help us finish all our work.(evidence),Supporting idea 2:,The root cause of our failure to complete all the tasks is not shortage of time,but the critical problem of priorities.(evidence),Conclusion:,We need to see through the deceptive appearance of the urgent tasks and focus our attention and energy on the important ones.,29/42,Rhetorical features:,Parallelism,:,So we find ourselves,working more and enjoying it less,(Paragraph 2),;,we have left undone those things,which we ought to have done;and we have done those things which we ought not to have done,(Paragraph 3).,30/42,Parallelism(1),Parallelism,:,Parallelism,or,parallel construction,is used for the expression of similar thoughts,in a balanced way,.By“,balanced way,”is meant a balanced,or coordinated arrangement of grammatical structures.Here are some ways in which parallel construction are formed.,31/42,Parallelism(2),1.words,related in meaning,and belonging to,the same grammatical category,are joined together in phrases,e.g.,sugar and salt walking or running,neither hungry nor cold firm but kindly,32/42,Parallelism(3),2 The,grammatical structure,are kept in balance,e.g.,She likes,going to the country,and,having picnics,there.,or,She likes,to go to the country,and,to have picnics,there.,but not,She likes,going to the country,and,to have picnics,there.,33/42,Parallelism(4),3 Similar structures are arranged,in a series,following,the same trend of thought,e.g.,The,roads,have been,made broader,the buildings,have been,built higher,and,the whole town,has been,improved a great deal,.,At school,I learn from,teachers,.,At home,I learn from,my parents,.,I love,singing,.I love,dancing,.But I love,cooking,best of all.,34/42,Parallelism(5),Parallelism can make sentences clear,forceful,lively,and effective.,Parallel constructions are usually linked by,coordinating conjunctions,such as:,and but nor or,bothand eitheror,neithernor.not onlybut also,35/42,Phrases,(P2),catch up,(on/with something):,to spend time or efforts doing something that you have had not time to do properly until now.,He shut himself away for a month to,catch up on,his academic work.,catch up(with somebody,):,to reach somebody in front of you by walking faster;to reach the same standard or level as they are.,36/42,(P3),apart from,1)It is used to refer to something,often something,small or unimportant,which is an exception to the general situation or state of affairs.=,excepting for,除了以外（别无）；除去,She had no money,apart from,the five pounds that Christopher had given her.,Apart from his nose he is quite good-looking.,2),In addition to,除了以外（还有）；不止,Apart from the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.,37/42,A relationship between ideas of approximately equal importance.,In English,there are three basic coordinators:,and,or,but,.Other familiar coordinators are,yet,so,both,and,not onlybut(also),eitheror,neithernor,etc.,Most declarative sentences are in normal order.Those beginning with,then,there,here,so,(meaning“in the same way”,“also”),neither,nor,(meaning“also not”),never,little,often,not only,not until,hardly,scarcely,thus,no sooner(than),etc.,are usually in,inverted order,.,Grammar point:Coordination,38/42,Then,entered the bride,smiling shyly.,Here,comes the champion!,So,were the other students,all of whom wanted to participate in the contest.,Neither,would he leave without first inspecting what had happened.,Never,would I see such a scene again!,So,little did I know about music,that,I dozed off during the concert.,Not only,had I slept for ten hours,but,the sleep was a dreamless one.,Examples:,39/42,Not until,New Years Day did they finally become reconciled.,Hardly,had we settled down,when,we were told to leave.,Scarcely,had she entered the room,when,the phone rang.,Thus,began the march of the queen ant.,No sooner,had the bell rung,than,everyone rushed out of the room.,Often,would I go there to see the beautiful pieces of art.,40/42,Translation exercises,He was haunted by his childhood memories.,More volunteers are needed to finish the exacting work.,Housing ranks first on my list of priorities.,Father rebuked his son for being lazy.,41/42,5.In his,The Way to Wealth,Franklin gave readers many maxims on how to achieve earthly success.,6.His imperious manner was more than I could bear.,7.The fire devoured the forests.,8.The newspaper wont accept any deceptive advertisements.,42/42,
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