【优秀】初中英语句子成分分析PPT课件.ppt

句子成分详解表1.取得英语语法成功的基石2.什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？！主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的成分.I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!3.现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。句子包括哪些成分？4.句子成分(1)谓主宾5.表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语Whatheneedsisabook.GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Doingtheworkishardforhim.6.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首7.在“There be”句型中，主语的位置在 be动词之后。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.There is a duck in the lake.8.一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.What he needs is a book.（）8.It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语9.形式主语Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.不定式、从句等作主语时，为避头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置句首。10.你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)He is clever a lot.3)It is getting clod 4)It is easy for me to play the piano.5)The teacher is kind to us.说谎是错误的。11.主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实）12.说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.13.1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_充当.实义动词或系动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.14.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.15.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.look after照顾16.表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做了什么”（所做的事）宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后17.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或_后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词间接宾语 直接宾语18.Hegavemetwobooks.TomteachesusEnglish.双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词 give,buy,teach19.二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语20.Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoAByourpronunciation.CD宾语在哪里21.Summary2 2谓语“做.”或“怎么样”3 3宾语动作行为”做”的对象主语“什么人”或“什么事”1 122.She is a beautiful girl.23.句子成分(2)定状补表24.说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisabankclerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面25.表语：跟在 后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.系动词26.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be（is am are）Iamhungry.持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。27.Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词感官系动词 主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。28.表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.To see is to believe.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词代词不定式从句形容词/副词介词短语分词29.找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.30.修饰名词或代词定语Shesagoodbasketballplayer.Whatsyourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.31.定语：用来修饰_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the door is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语名词和代词32.三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词33.找出定语Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD34.修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.35.四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句36.四、状语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句37.找出状语Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.ABCDTherewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD38.用来补充说明宾语的情况宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.39.注意点 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。比如说：I like to keep everything tidy.Im going to paint it pink.40.感官动词和使役动词加宾补，如：See，hear,notice,watch,hear，feel,observe(感官动词)，Make，have,let(使役动词)，接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。1.I hear him sing.2.Let him help you.41.五、宾语补足语：1.I consider Jim a good friend.()2.I always find her happy.()3.People praised him as a hero.()4.I had the TV fixed.()5.I saw him entering the building.()6.What made you think so?()7.Do you want me to go?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式42.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD找出宾补43.Summary2 2定语用来修饰名词或代词3 3状语修饰动词，形容词或副词4 4宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况表语“是什么”,”怎么样”1 144.句子成份练习1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The sun keeps us warm.6、I told him to open the window.7、We watched the train leaving the station.状语表语间语+直宾宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补45.8.I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9.There seems little hopes of success.10、To our joy,they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.12.After graduation he will work where he came from.宾语+宾补主语状语同位语状语46.47.按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.They walked,talked and laughed.48.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一：（主谓）二：（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）49.基本句型 二 +（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundbe,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,get,grow,become,turn,goturn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。50.51.系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。52.一、系动词的分类：常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第一类：表示特征或状态的，有bebe，looklook，feelfeel，seemseem，appearappear，smellsmell，tastetaste，soundsound，turn outturn out（结果是、证明是）等。You dont look very well.You dont look very well.I feel rather coldI feel rather cold.53.第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become，get，grow，turn，fall，go，come，run等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.54.第三类：表示保持状态的，有keepkeep，remainremain，continuecontinue，staystay等。Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!It remains to be proved.It remains to be proved.55.基本句型 三+t+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。56.57.基本句型四+t+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。58.59.基本句型 五+t+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。60.61.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.62.并列句 定 义 用 法 63.并列句是由and,but,or,forand,but,or,for等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列句是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就让我们一起聆听它的“四重奏”吧!定义并列句是由and,but,or,forand,but,or,for等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列句是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就让我们一起聆听它的“四重奏”吧!定义64.联合并列句 并列连词:and(和、并且),其中and意为“和、又、而”，表示动作先后等，notonly.butalso.(不但而且)等。Jimfinishedhishomeworkandhewenttobed.吉姆写完作业,就上床睡觉了。NotonlyIcometoschoolearly,butalsomyteacherdoes.不但我到校早,而且我的老师也是如此。and在表示条件时，可与if引导的肯定条件句转换keeppassingtheballtoeachother,andyou”llbeOk!Ifyoukeeppassingtheballeachother,you”llbeOk!65.转折并列句并列连词:but(但是),however(然而),yet(但是),while(而,然而)等。其中but意为“但是、可是、然而、不过”，表意思转折。ShesgoodatEnglish,butherChineseisntgood.她擅长英语,但语文不好。Heworkedhard,yethefailed.他努力地干,然而失败了。Tomistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.汤姆个儿很高,而他的兄弟却很矮。Idliketogowithyou,howevermyhandsarefull.我想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。66.特别提醒:though,although(虽然，尽管)不能 与 but(但是)连用。虽然他很累,但是他没有停止工作。误:Althoughheisverytired,buthedoesntstopworking.正:Although he is very tired,he doesnt stop working.正:Heisverytired,buthedoesntstopworking.67.选择并列句并列连词:or(或者;否则,要不然),either.or.(或者或者),neither.nor.(既不又不)等。Youmusttellthetruth,oryouwillbepunished.你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。Eitheryoucandoitbyyourself,oryoucanasksomeoneelsetodoit.你或者自己做,或者让别人去做。提醒:“祈使句+or/and+简单句”也是一个固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workhard,andyoullpasstheexam.(=Ifyouworkhard,youllpasstheexam.)努力学习,你就会通过考试。68.因果并列句并列连词:for(:for(因为),),表示因果关系，起解释说明的作用。so(所以)等。其中so为“所以、结果”，表因果关系。Thatwasourfirstlesson,soshedidntknowallournames.那是我们第一堂课,因此她并不知道我们所有人的名字。Shedidntcometoschooltoday,forshewasill.今天她没来上学,因为她生病了。提醒:so与because不能连用。因为我有钱,所以我能给自己买很多东西。误:BecauseImrich,soIcanbuymyselflotsofthings.正:BecauseImrich,Icanbuymyselflotsofthings.正:Imrich,soIcanbuymyselflotsofthings.69.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.2024/3/1 周五70.