名词单复数代词 形容词比较级最高级_.doc

Oct 21st ,2012 1st
1名词
名词复数变化
一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
　　普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,　family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。
名词复数的规则变化

1) 一般情况加 –s：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars
2) 以s, sh, ch, x结尾加 –es, 例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes
3) 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y 为i再加es
baby---babies city-cities country-countries
　特例：monkey---monkeys　holiday---holidays　toy—toys boy—boys day--days
4) 以o结尾的名词，变复数时：
　 ①加es, tomatoes potatoes
②加s, photos pianos radios
5）） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
　　a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs　roof---roofs safe---safes　gulf---gulfs；
　　b. 去f或e 加ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves
　　 wife---wives　life---lives　 thief---thieves；
　　特例：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

名词复数的不规则变化
1） child---children　foot---feet　tooth---teeth man---men woman---women mouse---mice
2） 单复数同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese（中国人），Japanese（日本人）people
不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。
常用不可数名词
具体名词： baggage 行李 bread 面包 beer 啤酒　　cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 cream 奶油 dust 尘土　　furniture 家具　　glass 玻璃 gold 黄金　hair 头发 　ice 冰 　jam 果酱 juice 饮料　 luggage 行李　　money 金钱 oil 油　paper 纸　 soap 肥皂　steak 牛排 stone 石头　tea 茶 water 水　weather 天气 wind 风　　wine 葡萄酒 wood 木头 advice 忠告／主意
抽象名词：work 工作 beauty 美丽，漂亮 damage 损害 death 死亡 experience 经验 help 帮助 hope 希望 horror 恐惧　 information 消息／信息 knowledge 知识 courage 勇气 news新闻
一、请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 /
city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse ____
boy___________ broom ___________ car tree _____horse _____ bus___________
fox _____ branch _____ baby _____ family _____ country _____
radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____
life _____ thief _____ _ man _____ woman _ _____ child ___
foot this _____________ watch___________  people                     
day____________ book__________ dress____________  sheep___________tea_____________
box___________   strawberry_________   yo-yo___________ peach_________ sandwich_________ paper_________ juice__________water____________   milk___________ rice__________     CD                ox___________ deer____________ fish_______________ diary____________
二、单项选择
( )1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
　　 A. cloth　 B. water　　C. flowers
( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
　　 A. boy　　　　 B. boys　　　 C. boies
( )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
　　 A. foots　　　 B. feet　　　　 C. feets
( )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese
C. American, Janpaneses
( )5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
　　 A. fish　　　　 B. book　　　 C. horse
( )6. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch　　 B. boy; watches　　C. boys; watch
( )7. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany　　B. Germanys　 C. Germans
( )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.
　A. tooths　　 B. teeth　　C. teeths
( )9.I saw many _____ in the street.
Apeoples B.people C.people’s
( )10.The green sweater is his _________.
A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
三、选择填空
( )1. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
( )2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
( )3. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher
( )4. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters
( )6. There are some ______ in these _______.
A. knifes pencil-boxesB. knives pencils-box
C. knives pencil-boxD. knives pencils-boxes
( )7. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling
C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling
( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples
( )9. There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs
( )10.My uncle has three _______.
A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
四.填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two____________ (knife)
2. There are many ___________ here. (box)
3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus)
4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child)
6. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo)
7. I like the red ________________.(tomato)
8. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth)
9. Do you want some ___________? (milk)
10. There are ten ___________________in our school. (woman teacher)

　五、名词可数不可数“六注意”
1、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
2、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：
　　This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
　　不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
　　There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
　　3、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如：
　　How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？
　　How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？
　　注意：对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：
　　How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？

量词
a piece of 一块 一张 一片
a loaf of 一个
a bar of 一条
a bottle of 一瓶
a pound of 一磅
a tin of 一听
a quarter of 四分之一

2代词
请在此处画上代词表：

1 .人称代词：主格、宾格（动前主格、动后宾，be前主格介后宾）
2 .物主代词：形代、名代
3 .反身代词：。。。自己
4 .指示代词：单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）
5 .疑问代词：what, who, whose, whom, which, when。（疑问副词when, where, how, why）
6 .不定代词some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。

形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要接名词。而名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，它后面再不接名词。它们的关系为：
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)
( )1 .I met Kate on way home yesterday .(北京海淀区)
A .my B .me C .his D .him
( )2 .This is ruler .(北京西城区)
A .my B .mine C .I D .me
( )3 .A : pencil-box is this ,Patrick ?
B :It’s .(上海)
A .Whose ;mine B .Who’s ;mine C .Whose ;my D .Who’s ;my
( )4 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of .(黑龙江)
A .her B .hers C .their D .theirs
( )5.—Is this dictionary or ?
—It’s mine .(内蒙古)
A .your ;hers B .yours ;her C .your ;her D .yours ;hers
( )6 .The pen is .She wrote name with it .(甘肃)
A .hers ;her ;herself B .her ;hers ;her
C .her ;hers ;herself D .her ;herself ;hers
( )7 .Can I borrow pencil ? is broken .(河北)
A .you ;My B .your ;Me C .your ;Mine D .your ;My
( )8 .These are cups . are over there .(河南)
A .our ;Yours B .yours ;Mine C .his ;Our D .their ;Your
( )9 . schoolbag is much better than .(山西)
A .Her ;me B .Hers ;my C .Hers ;mine D .Her ;mine
( )10 .—Oh ,there is someone in the room .
— must be my mother .(安徽)
A .There B .She C .This D .It
( )11 .—Which of these two sweaters will you take ?
—I’ll take .They look nearly the same ,and I just need one .(江西)
A .both B .either C .none D .all
( )12 .—Which of your parents is a doctor ?
— are .(天津)
A .Any B .Either C .Both D .Neither
( )13 .He has two basketballs .One is new , is old .(北京海淀区)
A .the other B .other C .the others D .others
( )14 .He has two sisters .One is a doctor , is a teacher .(内蒙古)
A .another B .the other C .other D .others
( )15 .I have two sons ,but of them lives with me .(河北)
A .all B .both C .neither D .few
( )16 .I have bought a new watch because my old doesn’t work .(重庆)
A .it B .one C .that D .this
( )17 .—Can you speak Russian ?
—Yes ,but only .(厦门)
A .little B .a little C .few D .a few
( )18 .—What would you like to have ,tea or milk ?
— .I’d like to have a glass of water .(杭州)
A .Each B .Neither C .Either D .Both
( )19 .My car was broken and I didn’t know to do .(杭州)
A .what B .which C .when D .how
( )20 .—Is here ?
—No .Jack and Tom have gone to the library .(湖北黄冈)
A .anybody B .nobody C .everybody D .all

【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ .按括号中提示意思完成下列句子。
1 .They are (我的) flowers .Please give (它们) to (我) .
2 .Is this map (你的) ?No ,it’s (他的) .That one is (我的) .
3 .I can hear (一些，什么) ,but I can’t see (一些，什么) .
4 .He says to (自己) ,“I can’t do it by (自己)” .
5 . (都) of us are students , (都) of the twins are workers .

3形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
　　1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；
　　（1）单音节词
　　如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
　　 tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
　　（2）双音节词
　　如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
　　2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；
　　如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
　　3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
　　如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
　　4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
　　如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
　　 busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
　　5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；
　　如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
　　different→more different→most different
　　easily→more easily→most easily
　　注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
　　例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
　　（2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
　　It is a most important problem.
　　=It is a very important problem.
　　6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
　　如：good→better→best well→better→best
　　 bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
　　 old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
　　 many/much→more→most little→less→least
　　 far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
　　二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
　　1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
　　如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
　　注意：
　　① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。
　　②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。
　　如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
　　③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
　　2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
　　如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
　　春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。
　　It is getting cooler and cooler.
　　天气越来越凉爽。
　　The wind became more and more heavily.
　　风变得越来越大。
　　Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
　　我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
　　3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
　　如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?
　　4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。
　　The more money you make, the more you spend.
　　钱你赚得越多，花得越多。
　　The sooner，the better.
　　越快越好。
　　5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：
　　①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
　　如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
　　这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
　　②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
　　如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
　　亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
　　③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
　　如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
　　我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
　　6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。
　　句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。
　　如：He is the tallest in our class.
　　他在我们班里是最高的。

1. Which does Jimmy like _____ , Chinese or Art?   
A. well B. best C. better D. much

2. The Changjiang River is one of _____  in the world.
A. the longest river  B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers

3.  _____ of the two women is Mrs Brown.    
A. The beautiful    B. The more beautiful    C. More beautiful    D. The most beautiful

4. My mooncake is nicer _____ his.    
A. like    B. with    C. for    D. than

5. You are fatter than  _____ .  
A. he     B. his     C. him    D. he is tall

6. He jumps  _____  of the three.
A. far  B. further   C. farthest   D. furthest

7. My hair is longer than  _____  .
A. my sister   B. Kate   C. my brother’s    D. Lucys’

8. There are _____ paper here .Please bring some.
A. little B. less C. fewer   D. a little

9. The pen is _____  than that one.  
A. more cheap   B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper

10.Tom speaks Chinese  _____  better than Jimmy.  
A. more   B. very   C. a lot of D. much

11.There are  _____  girls in Class Two than in Class Four. 
A. more B. nicest C. most D. best

12.It’s too _____  for you to do that.  
A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest

13.Who has _____ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?
A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most

14.You have more rulers than me. But  _____ are nicer than  _____ .
A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your

15.Tingting is _____  than Meimei, but Meimei is  _____  than Tingting.
A. all, stronger   B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong   D. taller, stronger

16.Mother is _____ in my family.
A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy

17.There are  _____  in the park on Sunday.
A. more children B. a lot of people   C. much men and women D. many peoples

18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a _____ one?
A. small    B. smaller    C. the smallest   D. smallest

19.No one is _____ Mary in the class.
A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as

20. This bike is _____ than that one.  
A. twenty yuan dear    B. twenty yuan dearer    C. dear twenty yuan  D. dearer twenty yuan

二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Your classroom is  _____   (wide) and _____  (bright)  than ours.
2.There are    _____ (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer.
3.Which do you like    _____ (well) , maths or chemistry?
4.This is the     _____ (good) film I have ever seen.
5.Africa is the second     _____ (large) continent. 
6.What he said made his mother much   _____ (angry) .
7.I’m not as     _____ (careful) as he.
8.We’ve got as     _____ (many) books as we need.  
9.Pratice as    _____ (much) as you can.
10.They have done     _____ (much) work with   _____ (little) money.
11.You’re the  _____ (kind) person I’ve ever met.    
12.He is    _____ (young) than his two sisters.
13.The      _____ (old) I get, the      _____ (strong) I seem to feel.
14.The weather is getting _____ (warm) and      _____ (warm) .
15.Summer is  _____ (hot) season of the year.

C-E
1我比他年轻。

2苏珊比提姆聪明.