高考介词及介词短语.doc

介词和介词短语

介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-（在……前部）+position（位置）”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。

分类
特点
例词
简单介词
即一个介词
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介词
由两个介词构成合成词
into, onto, throughout, upon, within
短语介词
由短语构成
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词
由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。

介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，
表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能
例 句
作定语
They didn’t find the solution to the problem.
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作表语
When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.
作宾语补足语
I found the old building in a bad condition.

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
表示的概念
介词（短语）
区 别
例 子
时间
in
on
at
at在一个时间点上；
in在一段的时间之内；
on在具体日子。
①at 8 o’clock, at noon
②in the 1990s, in January
③on Monday, on a warm morning
since
from
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；
from指从时间的某一点开始。
①We have not seen each other since 1995.
②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
in,
after
in指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；
after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began to fall.
③What shall we do after graduation?
in the end
at the end of
by the end of
in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。
①In the end they reached a place of safety.
②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.
③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.
④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
位置
between
among
一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
①You are to sit between your father and me.
②He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，
强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用between。
①Agreements were made between the
different countries.
②The little valley lies between high
mountains.
③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.
in
on
to
in表示在某范围内；
on指与什么毗邻；
to指在某环境范围之外。
①Changchun is in the northeast of China.
②Mongolia is on the north of China.
③Japan is to the east of China.
on
in
on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。
①There is a book on the piece of paper. ②There is an interesting article in the
newspaper.
③ He dug a hole in the wall.
in
into
in通常表示位置（静态）；
into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。
①We walked in the park.
②We walked into the park.
through
across
through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。
①Water flows through the pipe.
②The old man walked across the street.
in the corner
on the corner
at the corner
in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
①The lamp stands in the corner of the room.
②I met with him at the street corner.
③He sat on the corner of the table.
除了
besides
except
but
except for
besides指“除了……还有，再加上”；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。
①All went out ________ me.
②All went out ________ me.
③I never saw him reading anything ________ the newspaper.
④His diary is good ________ a few spelling mistakes.
表示的概念
构成
例 子
动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）
at+名词
at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战
at cards 在玩牌            at work 在办公 at play  在玩耍     
at rest在休息        school在上学       at press正在排印
at church在做礼拜
beyond+名词
beyond belief难以置信   beyond control不听管教。
beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容
beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑
in+名词
或in +名词+of+名词
in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转
in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用
in sight看得见 in store贮藏着
in course of construction正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair维修良好的
in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
in charge of 负责                               in the charge of 由……负责
in possession of 拥有                          in the possession of 被……拥有
on+名词
on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假
on watch值班 on duty值勤/日。
on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march在行军
on the air在广播　　 on fire在燃烧。
on trial在试用 on show/display/ exhibition在展出
under+名词
under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论
underdevelopment在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在被测试 under construction在建设中
under fire在炮火中        under examination在检查/调查中
under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中
under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击
under medical treatment在治疗中 under study在研究中
其他
against one’s opinion反对某人的见解
for one’s opinion同意某人的见解
above reproach无可指责，无可非议
above suspicion不受怀疑
above criticism无可指责
at the mercy of在……支配下；任由……摆布
for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见

图解方位介词

2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别
常见形容词
搭配
意义
absent
(be) absent from
缺席
(be) absent in
不在这里而在……
afraid
(be) afraid of
担心……
(be) afraid for
为……而担心
angry
(be) angry with sb.
对某人生气
(be) angry at/about sth.
因某事而生气
anxious
(be)anxious for sth
急于想得到
(be)anxious about sth./sb.
对某事/某人担心
different
(be) different from
与……不同
(be) different to
不关心
familiar
(be) familiar with
精通，熟悉
(be) familiar to
为……熟知（悉）
good
(be) good at
擅长于
(be) good for
对……有益
(be) good to
对……友好/态度好
popular
(be) popular with sb.
受……欢迎
(be) popular for
因……而流行
strict
(be) strict with sb.
对某人要求严格
(be) strict in sth.
对某事要求严格
3.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
类 型
举 例
差一冠词，大相径庭
in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部）
in charge of（负责）——in the charge of（由……负责）
out of question（毫无疑问）——out of the question（不可能）
at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at the table（在桌子旁边）
有无介词，意义不同
know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人
shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击
search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人
believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格
benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足，误加介词
serve the people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）
enter the room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）
follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）
go abroad出国（容易在go后面加to）
live upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）
母语思维，误用介词
be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave for some place动身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in the direction朝着……方向（不用to）
do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different from和……不同（不用with）
with the help of在……的帮助下（不用under）
steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）
read sth. to sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）

①Although my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.
A. against B. on C. for D. in
②Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days.
A. for B. except C. besides D. with
③Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves.
A. between B. among C. over D. during
④This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school girls of your age. （2007北京卷）
A. for B. about C. from D. to
⑤ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.
A. In B. For C. Under D. Between
⑥Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s the visiting hours. （2006福建卷）
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
⑦This new model of car is so expensive that it is the reach of those with average incomes.
A. over B. within C. beyond D. below
⑧It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished.
A. for B. with C. from D. of
⑨—What do you want ________those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by B. for C. of D. with
⑩Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ______an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from

现将（2009-2015）六年来高考全国卷和各省市自主命题卷所涉及到的介词短语及固定搭配总结如下，
以便考生熟悉这一块的考点。
英语
汉语意义
英语
汉语意义
above one’s own
在自己的……之上
in front of
在……的前面
above average
在平均分以上
in general
大体上，总体上
according to
根据
in honour of
为了纪念
after all
毕竟
in need of
需要，紧缺
along with
与……一道(又), 连同……一起, 随同……一起
in one’s mind
在某人心里
apart from
除……之外
in other words
换句话说
as a result (of)
（由于）……的结果
in place
在适当的地方
as well as
也，还有
in place of
代替
be convinced of sth.
坚信
in praise of
歌颂，赞美
be curious about sth
对某事物感到好奇的
in return
作为回报, 作为交换
because of
因为
in search of
寻找
below average
在平均分以下
in short
简言之
beyond control
无法控制
in sight
在视程内，（被）看得见
beyond description
无法描述
in spite of
尽管
beyond reach
无法到达
in terms of
就……而言
beyond repair
无法修理
in the direction of
朝……方向
by chance
偶然地，碰巧地
in the form of
以……方式（形式）
by means of
通过……的方式
in turn
反过来
by nature
天生地
in view of
由于，鉴于
by oneself
单独地，独自地
in vain
徒劳，白费
except for
除了（除去瘕疵、枝节末节）
instead of
代替，而不是
far from
远离；远远不； 远非
next to
次于，在……旁边，紧邻
for one thing
一方面, 常与for another thing（另一方面）连用
of one's own age
跟某人自己的年龄相同
hear from
收到……的来信，得知某人的消息
on average
平均
in addition to
另外=besides或except
on condition that
条件是, 以……为条件
in all
总共
on one’s mind
某人有心事， 担心
in case（of）
万一, 以防……
on purpose
故意地，有目地
in detail
详细地，详尽地
on the other hand
另一方面
in doubt
怀疑
on time
按时，准时
in effect
实际上，生效，在实行中
on top of
在……之上/顶部；除……之外
in exchange for
作为交换
regardless of
不顾，不管
in face of
面对
to the point
中肯，切题
in favour of
支持
with regard to
至于, 关于
in memory of
为了纪念…
within easy reach
在容易达到……的地方，在……的附近
说明：例题请见以下的高考链接部分。

1.（全国卷I）Everybody was touched _________ words after they heard her moving story.
A. beyond B. without C. of D. in
2.（重庆卷）Try on this red skirt; you will look great it.
A. on B. by C. in D. for
3.（福建）—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!
—It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature.
A. of B. for C. by D. about
4.（陕西卷）He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
5.（北京卷）The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ________ little foreign ownership.
A. by B. of C. with D. from
6.（辽宁卷）Children need friends their own age to play with.
A of B for C in D at
7.（山东卷）It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.
A. near B. upon C. within D. around
8.（四川卷）A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.
A. below B. above C. in D. on
9.（湖南卷）Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve their problems
______ themselves.
A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on
10.（全国卷II ）Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of
11.（2009天津卷）The art show was _______ being a failure; it was a great success.
A. far from B. along with C. next to D. regardless of
special school accepts all disabled students, __ educational level and background.
A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of
13.（湖北卷）You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.
A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of
14.（湖北卷）His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain
1.(北京卷)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment.
A. in B. at C. for D. to
2.(湖北卷)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ____________favors to them.
A. in preference to B . in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
3.(江苏卷)So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ________ideal. We have to work
still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
4.(江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and , dogs give us their all.
A. in all B. in fact C. in short D. in return
5.（江西卷）Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name, not case number.
A. of B. as C. by D. with
6.(天津卷)My father warned me _______ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists.
A. by B. on C. for D. against
7.(重庆卷)The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money me.
A. by B. for C. in D. with
8.(福建卷)More and more high—rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
9.(辽宁卷) I agree to his suggestion ______the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
10.(四川卷)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.
A. in B. below C. beside D. against
11.(浙江卷)I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ________.
A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance
12.(上海卷)Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.[
A. between B. along C. below D. with]
1.（大纲卷）This shop will be closed for repairs_________further notice.
A. with B. until C. for D. at
2.（北京卷）With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken_________ color.
A. by B. for C. with D. in
3.（上海卷）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A. through B. up C. with D. from
4.（湖北卷）When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of
I didn’t phone you, bu