新概念英语第二册笔记21-30课.doc

精品教育
Lesson 21 Mad or not?
【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）
mad adj. 发疯
reason n. 原因
sum n. 量
determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的
★mad adj. 发疯
sb. is mad
“为……而疯狂（着迷） ”的表示方法：
be mad about…
I'm mad about English.
be crazy about…
go insane （insane adj. 患精神病的，精神病患者的，极愚蠢的）
I slowly go insane/go crazy/go mad/go bananas.
go bananas （go+adj. 变得……)
They are going bananas. =go crazy=go mad (变疯了)
★reason n. 原因
for this reason 由于这个理由、原因
For this reason,I was late.
as+句子 由于……
because+句子 由于……
★sum n. 量
a sum of +不可数名词 一笔……
a large sum of 大笔的…… (large 指数量的大)
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
a great many + 可数名词复数
a great number of + 可数名词复数
plenty of… 足够多的……
★determined adj. 坚定的, 下决心的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
make up one's mind 下定决心
decide to do sth. 决定做……
make a decision to do sth. 决定做……
determine v.下定决心
【Text】
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard
111

night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it
came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the
few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a
large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are
probably right.
参考译文
飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯. 我住在一个机场附近, 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳. 机场是许多年前建的, 但由于
某种原因当时未能启用. 然而去年机场开始使用了. 有 100 多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去, 我是少
数留下来的人中的一个. 有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒. 他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬
走, 但我决定留在这儿. 大家都说我肯定是疯了, 也许他们说的是对的.
【课文讲解】
1、Mad or not? = mad or not mad?
or not 在疑问词的后面，表示“是还不是” ，选择概念
2、Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯
You are driving me mad.
The teacher is slowly driving me mad.
3、I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
night and day 日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)
passing planes 过往飞机 （passing 是现在分词，作定语，起形容词作用，修饰 planes， “经过的(路
过)，过往的” ）
He forgot the man with passing time. 随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。
sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩
waiting car 正在等待的车
4、The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.
years 前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”years ago = many years ago，weeks 等的用法与它相
似
I have not seen him for weeks.
some+不可数名词/可数名词复数 一些……
some+可数名词单数 某一……
for some reason 由于某个理由
I’ll tell you someday.
We’ll talk about it some other time. 我们改日再谈这件事。
5、Last year, however, it came into use.
however 然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）
use
① n. 使用
112

come into use 启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）
When did the train come into use?
The road came into use last month.
② vt. 使用
be used 被使用（被动）
6、Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
over a hundred… 一百多……
must have been done 过去发生, 表示推测，被动
away from 从某地离开（away 离开某地）
out of somewhere 从某地出来
7、I am one of the few people left.
one of… ……之一(表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)
One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister.
You can take one of these bags.
left 表示被留下来的，leave 过去分词, left 作定语放在被修饰词的后面
left 剩下的……东西，相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他们”
I have a bag left.
There is ten cents left in my pocket. （cent n.(货币单位)分, 分币）
8、Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of
money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
knock down 撞倒
offer v. 提供（相当于 given）
双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以 sb.做主语或以 sth.做主语
give sb. sth.——>被动 sb. be given sth.
give sth. to sb.——>被动 sth. be given to sb.
双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语
原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.
【Key structures】
被动语态
被动语态可以和大部分情态动词连用（包括具有情态功能的 will 和 would）。
He may have been told the news.
The shops must have been closed now.
动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态，也可以在不定式中用被动语态：
Mary was told to meet us. = They told Mary meet us.
在句型“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中，这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。但由于间接宾语通常
是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些：
Sam was given a gold watch. = A gold watch was given to Sam.
【Special Difficulties】
113

Drive 的用法
① v. 开车, 驾驶 (drove, driven, driving)
drive to… 开车去往某地
I drove to Tianjing yesterday
② vt. 赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）
drive sb. away from 把某人赶走
drive sb. out of 把某人赶出去
During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.
drive sb. back 撵回去
Our army drove the enemy back.
③ vt. 逼迫，迫使
drive sb. mad 逼疯
The death of all her children has driven her mad.
Home and House
home n. &adv. 家，家庭，家园（着重指所居住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，
带有感情色彩）
I have a sweet home.
house n. 房子，房屋，住宅（指建筑物）
Tom must be somewhere in the house. 汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。
【Multiple choice questions】
4 It couldn't be used then. It wasn't ___d___ to use it.
a. able b. allowed c. impossible d. possible
it+be 动词+形容词+to do（翻译时先译 “to” 后面的句子） ……是……的
be able to 强调主语能够做某事, 主语必须是人
it+be 动词+表语, be allowed 不能充当表语.
如将 “it” 改为 “people(人)” 就 A,B 都正确
5 Over a hundred people must have been driven away. ___a___ they were.
a. I think b. I'm sure c. Certain d. Of course
must have been done：对过去的一种被动语态的推测
must have done : 对过去的一种推测
I'm sure 我肯定
I’m sure she is teacher.
I think 我认为
of course 当然 ； certain adj. 当然（词性不对, 句子前不应放形容词）
9 I have been offered a large ___a___ of money.
a. amount b. number c. some d. piece
a large number of +可数名词（不能加不可数名词）
an amount of+不可数 一大笔……
some of/plenty of 前面是不加 “a/an”
114

10 I am determined to stay here. I ___d___ stay here.
a. am will to b. want to c. may d. am going to
be going to 打算、计划
want to 来自心里的一种想, 喜好，喜欢……
115

Lesson 22 A glass envelope
【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）
dream v. 做梦，梦想
age n. 年龄
channel n. 海峡
throw v. 扔，抛
★dream v. 做梦, 梦想
① vt. 做梦，梦见
dream that +从句
I dreamt/dreamed (that) I was in Scotland.
② vi. 做梦，梦见（与 of，about 连用）
dream on 继续做梦, 痴心妄想(做你的梦去吧!别痴心妄想了!)
dream of/about sth. 梦想
I often dream of/about you.
dream of doing sth. 梦想
I dreamed of flying in the sky.
I dreamed of finding the gold. / I dream of being a good teacher.
think of 想，考虑，想起
Do you ever think of the girls you met at a party?
你会想起你在一个晚会上遇到的姑娘们吗？
③ n. 梦；梦想，幻想
have a dream = dream a dream 做了一个梦
Have a good/sweat dream! 祝你做个好梦!
Have you heard of the American Dream?
dream boat 梦中情人, 梦寐以求的(物, 人)
Do you have dream boat? 你有梦中情人吗?
daydream 思想开小差，做白日梦
She is daydreaming.
★age n. 年龄
teengager n. 十几岁的人
adolenscent n. 青春期(一般指成年以前由 13 至 15 的发育期)
★throw（threw，thrown） v. 扔, 抛
① vt. 投，扔，抛
Don’t throw stones at the dog.
Throw the ball to Tom.
throw away 扔掉
Shall I throw this old newspaper away?
116

② 把……对准目标，向……作出举动
George was very happy today. Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning.
The boss threw him an angry look.
【Text】
My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we
were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She
threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in
Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters
will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
参考译文
我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信. 去年, 当我们横渡英吉利海峡时, 简把写有她
姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子, 又将瓶子扔进了大海. 此后她就再没去想那只瓶子. 但 10 个月以
后, 她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信. 现在这两位姑娘定期通信了. 然而她们还是决定利用邮局. 这样会稍
微多花点钱, 但肯定是快得多了.
【课文讲解】
1、My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.
同位语 My daughter，Jane
dream of doing sth. 梦想，幻想……
…of one's own age 同年龄的……
He is boy of my own age.
receive…from… 从……收到……
2、Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address
on it into a bottle.
the Channel= the English Channel 英吉利海峡
with 可放在句子后面做状语用，也可放在名词后面做定语。这里的“with her name and address on it”
用来修饰名词“a piece of paper” 。
I have a bag with books in it.(“in it” 不能省略)
3、Both girls write to each other regularly now.
write to sb. 给某人写信
write (a letter) to me
each other 相互，彼此，往往强调两者之间的相互 (注意连读)有时这个短语也可用来指许多人之
间“互相”
We must all help each other.
one another 强调三或三者以上的相互，有时可替代 each other
4、Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
cost 意为“ （使）花费，价钱为……”,其主语通常为某物或某件事情
117

It costs a lot to buy a house.
sth. cost (sb.) ……花了某人……（钱）
The dress cost me twenty pounds.
more 即可做形容词, 又可做代词，文中的 “more” 为代词 = more money
give me more 再给我一点
a little 稍微，可以修饰比较级；much 修饰比较级，译为“多得多”
It's a little hotter.
It's much hotter.
That is more expensive. （贵一些）
That is a little more expensive. （稍微有点贵）
That is much more expensive. （贵得多）
but they will certainly travel faster.
=but they will certainly travel much faster.
【Key structures】
跟 of, from, in 和 on 的动词
动词+介词的固定短语通常可分开使用，可以有自己的宾语，并且大部分都可用于被动结构：
1、后接 of 的动词：accuse of（控告） ；approve of（赞成） ；assure of（让……放心） ；beware of（谨防） ；
boast of/about（夸耀）, complain of/about（埋怨） ；consist of（由……组成） ；convince of/about（使信服） ；
cure of（治愈） ；despair of（丧失……希望） ；dream of/about（幻想） ；expect of/from（期望） ；hear of/from
（听到……消息） ；be/get rid of（摆脱） ；smell of（闻到） ；suspect of（对……猜疑） ；think of/about（思
考） ；tired of（对……感到厌烦） ；warn of/against（警告……有危险）
Someone must warm him of the difficulties. 必须有人提醒他有这些困难。
He has already been warned of them. 他已经被警告过了。
Don’t expect too much of your child.
He must have spoken of the matter to John.
I have never heard of the actress.
2、 后接 from 的动词： borrow from （从……借） ； defend from/against（保护……使免于） ； demand from/of
（向……要求） ； differ from （有别于） ； dismiss from （解雇） ； draw from （从……中得出） ； emerge from （从……
出现） ；escape from（从……逃出） ；excuse from/for（允许不……） ；hinder from（阻止） ；prevent from（妨
碍） ； prohibit from （不准许） ； protect from/against （向……提抗议） ； receive from （接到） ； separate from （把……
分开） ；suffe from（受难）
He has already received money from three aunts. 他已经收到三个姑妈的钱了
He borrowed three books from Mary.
He always asked for help from parents.
3、后接 in 的动词：believe in（信仰） ；delight in（喜欢） ；employ(ed) in （从事） ；encourage in（鼓励） ；
engage(d) in（正做） ；experience(d) in（在……有经验） ；fail in（没有尽到） ；help in/with（帮助） ；include
in（包括） ；indulge in（沉醉） ；instruct in（教导） ；interest(ed) in（对……感兴趣） ；invest in（投资） ；involved
in（卷入） ；persist in（坚持） ；share in（分享）
She delights in working hard. 她喜欢努力工作。
He failed in his French test. 他法语考试没有通过。
Jack helped me in driving the sheep home. 杰克帮我把羊赶回家。
118

Mrs. Turner is experienced in teaching. 特纳夫人很有教学经验。
4、后接 on 的动词：act on（遵守） ；based on（在……基础上） ；call on（拜访） ；comment on（评论） ；
concentrate on（集中于） ；congratulate on（祝贺） ；consult on/about（商量） ；count on（依赖） ；decide on（决
定） ；depend on（依靠） ；economize on（节约） ；embark on（从事） ；experiment on（尝试） ；insist on（坚
持） ；lean on/against（倚靠于……） ；live on（靠……为生） ；operate on（起作用） ；perform on/in（扮演） ；
pride(oneself) on（为……感到自豪） ；rely on（依靠） ；vote on a motion/for someone（对……表决(投……的
票)） ；, write on/about（写……的事） ；.
I think he wrote on the cost of living. 我想他写的是关于生活费用方面的。
He finally decided on going home. 他最后决定回家。
You can’t live on fruit only. 你不能只吃水果。
Last Sunday, we called on Mr. Dupont.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Jane never dreamed ___d___ a letter.
a. to receive b. to receiving c. of receive d. that she would receive
dream of doing sth./dream that +从句
8 We were travelling across the Channel. We went on a ___c___ across the Channel.
a. sail b. travel c. trip d. run
go on a trip 进行旅行
9 Jane wrote her name and address on a ___d___ of paper.
a. lump b. bar c. tube d. sheet
a lump of paper 一团纸
a bar of 一条, 一块
a tube of paper 一桶(管)纸
a piece of paper/a sheet of paper 一张纸
10 Both girls often write to each other now. They write ___a___ .
a. frequently b. occasionally c. sometimes d. now and again
often = frequently
occasionally(偶尔) = sometimes(有时) = now and again(时而, 不时)
7 The girls write ___a___ regularly now.
a.to one another b.the one to the other c.each to other d.to other
one another(三者) = each other(两者) 互相，彼此，一般可互换
They love each other.
119

Lesson 23 A new house
【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）
complete v. 完成
modern adj. 新式的，与以往不同的
strange adj. 奇怪的
district n. 地区
★complete v. 完成 (喜欢与建筑工程连用)
① vt. 完成，结束
complete the building
Work on the new school will be completed next year.
② adj. 完整的，全部的
《鲁迅全集》中的 “全集” 就用 “complete”
Do you know the complete story?
This is a complete family.
③ adj. 十足的，彻底的，绝对的
There is complete silence in the room.
That was a complete surprise.
finish v. 完成
finish/complete homework
finish/complete doing sth. 某事做完了
I finish reading a book.
★modern adj. 新式的, 与以往不同的，现代的
modern history/art 现代史/ 现代艺术
modernization n.现代化
★strange adj. 奇怪的(表示因为对一个东西不熟悉而觉得奇怪, 陌生的)
① adj. 外地的，异乡的
Living in a strange land is not always a pleasant thing.
② adj. 陌生的，生疏的
That morning, he saw a strange face in the classroom.
be strange to sth. 对……不习惯, 对……陌生
This city is quite strange to me.
stranger n. 陌生人
③ adj. 不平常的，奇特的，奇怪的，古怪的
The house looks strange to some people.
A strange thing happened this afternoon.
★district n. 地区，行政划分的区域, 城市内的
120

district n. 地区，行政区，地域，地带，通常隶属于某个整体或具有某些地理特征
Haidian District 北京的海淀区
The Lake District of Northern England is very beautiful. 英国北部的湖区非常美丽。
area n. 地段
region n.地带，区域，地方，(世界上某个特定的)地区, (艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层
【Text】
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to
England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.
Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that
she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so
it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.
参考译文
昨天我收到了姐姐的一封信, 她住在尼日利亚. 在信中她说她明年将到英国来. 如果她来了, 她会感到
非常惊奇了. 我们现在住在乡间的一栋漂亮的新住宅里. 这栋房子在我姐姐离开之前就已动工了, 是在 5
个月以前竣工的. 我在信中告诉她, 她可以和我们住在一起. 这栋房子里有许多房间, 还有一个漂亮的花
园. 它是一栋非常现代化的住宅, 因此在有些人看来很古怪. 它肯定是这个地区唯一的一栋现代化住宅.
【课文讲解】
1、If she comes, she will get a surprise.
get a surprise 感到惊奇（这里 surprise 是可数名词，指“令人惊奇的事，意想不到的事” ）
It’s a surprise to me that they can’t sell their flat.
surprise 也可以作不可数名词，表示“惊讶”
She looked at the man in surprise.
to one's surprise = I get a shock. 吃了一惊
2、We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.
a beautiful new house
离一个名词最近的词跟该词的关系最密切, 冠词肯定是放在最前面的
spare old cloth 不穿的旧衣服
a big red flag 大红旗 (flag n. 旗, 标记；v. 标记)
3、Work on it had begun before my sister left.
work（工作，作业）是抽象的不可数名词， “……的工作”后面必须用介词 on
4、In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us.
stay with 跟……暂住在一起 （stay vi. 暂住，逗留）
He stayed with his uncle last week.
121

【Special Difficulties】
There is and It is
在说明或询问人或物等的存在时可用 there be 结构。这种结构可以用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般
将来时及现在完成时等时态。在用 there 表示过存在后，就必须用 it 或人称代词作进一步说明：
There’s a bus coming, but it’s full.
There’s a man at the door. It’s the postman.
it 作为“虚主语”表示时间、距离、天气等概念时，不能用 there be 结构
It’s fifteen miles to the station.
Exercise(用 it 或 there 填空)
3 ______ were some men digging up the road outside my house.
there : There+be+sb.+doing+地点 : 某地有某人正在做某事(典型句型)
digging up: 挖出, 找出
4 Look at those clouds. I think ______ will