新概念英语第二册笔记21-30课.doc

精品教育Lesson 21 Mad or not?【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）mad adj. 发疯reason n. 原因sum n. 量determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的mad adj. 发疯sb. is mad “为而疯狂（着迷） ”的表示方法：be mad aboutIm mad about English.be crazy aboutgo insane （insane adj. 患精神病的，精神病患者的，极愚蠢的）I slowly go insane/go crazy/go mad/go bananas.go bananas （go+adj. 变得)They are going bananas. =go crazy=go mad (变疯了)reason n. 原因for this reason 由于这个理由、原因For this reason,I was late.as+句子 由于because+句子 由于sum n. 量a sum of +不可数名词 一笔a large sum of 大笔的 (large 指数量的大)a large sum of money 一大笔钱a great many + 可数名词复数a great number of + 可数名词复数plenty of 足够多的determined adj. 坚定的, 下决心的be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事make up ones mind 下定决心decide to do sth. 决定做make a decision to do sth. 决定做determine v.下定决心【Text】Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard111night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, itcame into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of thefew people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered alarge sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they areprobably right.参考译文飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯. 我住在一个机场附近, 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳. 机场是许多年前建的, 但由于某种原因当时未能启用. 然而去年机场开始使用了. 有 100 多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去, 我是少数留下来的人中的一个. 有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒. 他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走, 但我决定留在这儿. 大家都说我肯定是疯了, 也许他们说的是对的.【课文讲解】1、Mad or not? = mad or not mad?or not 在疑问词的后面，表示“是还不是” ，选择概念2、Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯You are driving me mad.The teacher is slowly driving me mad.3、I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.night and day 日日夜夜，夜以继日 (注意连读)passing planes 过往飞机 （passing 是现在分词，作定语，起形容词作用，修饰 planes， “经过的(路过)，过往的” ）He forgot the man with passing time. 随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩waiting car 正在等待的车4、The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.years 前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”years ago = many years ago，weeks 等的用法与它相似I have not seen him for weeks.some+不可数名词/可数名词复数 一些some+可数名词单数 某一for some reason 由于某个理由Ill tell you someday.Well talk about it some other time. 我们改日再谈这件事。5、Last year, however, it came into use.however 然而（用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开）use n. 使用112come into use 启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）When did the train come into use?The road came into use last month. vt. 使用be used 被使用（被动）6、Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.over a hundred 一百多must have been done 过去发生, 表示推测，被动away from 从某地离开（away 离开某地）out of somewhere 从某地出来7、I am one of the few people left.one of 之一(表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)One of the girls standing over there is Tims sister.You can take one of these bags.left 表示被留下来的，leave 过去分词, left 作定语放在被修饰词的后面left 剩下的东西，相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他们”I have a bag left.There is ten cents left in my pocket. （cent n.(货币单位)分, 分币）8、Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum ofmoney to go away, but I am determined to stay here.knock down 撞倒offer v. 提供（相当于 given）双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以 sb.做主语或以 sth.做主语give sb. sth.被动 sb. be given sth.give sth. to sb.被动 sth. be given to sb.双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.【Key structures】被动语态被动语态可以和大部分情态动词连用（包括具有情态功能的 will 和 would）。He may have been told the news.The shops must have been closed now.动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态，也可以在不定式中用被动语态：Mary was told to meet us. = They told Mary meet us.在句型“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中，这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。但由于间接宾语通常是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些：Sam was given a gold watch. = A gold watch was given to Sam.【Special Difficulties】113Drive 的用法 v. 开车, 驾驶 (drove, driven, driving)drive to 开车去往某地I drove to Tianjing yesterday vt. 赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）drive sb. away from 把某人赶走drive sb. out of 把某人赶出去During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.drive sb. back 撵回去Our army drove the enemy back. vt. 逼迫，迫使drive sb. mad 逼疯The death of all her children has driven her mad.Home and Househome n. &adv. 家，家庭，家园（着重指所居住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，带有感情色彩）I have a sweet home.house n. 房子，房屋，住宅（指建筑物）Tom must be somewhere in the house. 汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。【Multiple choice questions】4 It couldnt be used then. It wasnt _d_ to use it.a. able b. allowed c. impossible d. possibleit+be 动词+形容词+to do（翻译时先译 “to” 后面的句子） 是的be able to 强调主语能够做某事, 主语必须是人it+be 动词+表语, be allowed 不能充当表语.如将 “it” 改为 “people(人)” 就 A,B 都正确5 Over a hundred people must have been driven away. _a_ they were.a. I think b. Im sure c. Certain d. Of coursemust have been done：对过去的一种被动语态的推测must have done : 对过去的一种推测Im sure 我肯定Im sure she is teacher.I think 我认为of course 当然 ； certain adj. 当然（词性不对, 句子前不应放形容词）9 I have been offered a large _a_ of money.a. amount b. number c. some d. piecea large number of +可数名词（不能加不可数名词）an amount of+不可数 一大笔some of/plenty of 前面是不加 “a/an”11410 I am determined to stay here. I _d_ stay here.a. am will to b. want to c. may d. am going tobe going to 打算、计划want to 来自心里的一种想, 喜好，喜欢115Lesson 22 A glass envelope【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）dream v. 做梦，梦想age n. 年龄channel n. 海峡throw v. 扔，抛dream v. 做梦, 梦想 vt. 做梦，梦见dream that +从句I dreamt/dreamed (that) I was in Scotland. vi. 做梦，梦见（与 of，about 连用）dream on 继续做梦, 痴心妄想(做你的梦去吧!别痴心妄想了!)dream of/about sth. 梦想I often dream of/about you.dream of doing sth. 梦想I dreamed of flying in the sky.I dreamed of finding the gold. / I dream of being a good teacher.think of 想，考虑，想起Do you ever think of the girls you met at a party?你会想起你在一个晚会上遇到的姑娘们吗？ n. 梦；梦想，幻想have a dream = dream a dream 做了一个梦Have a good/sweat dream! 祝你做个好梦!Have you heard of the American Dream?dream boat 梦中情人, 梦寐以求的(物, 人)Do you have dream boat? 你有梦中情人吗?daydream 思想开小差，做白日梦She is daydreaming.age n. 年龄teengager n. 十几岁的人adolenscent n. 青春期(一般指成年以前由 13 至 15 的发育期)throw（threw，thrown） v. 扔, 抛 vt. 投，扔，抛Dont throw stones at the dog.Throw the ball to Tom.throw away 扔掉Shall I throw this old newspaper away?116 把对准目标，向作出举动George was very happy today. Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning.The boss threw him an angry look.【Text】My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, wewere travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. Shethrew the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl inHolland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post office. Letterswill cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.参考译文我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信. 去年, 当我们横渡英吉利海峡时, 简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子, 又将瓶子扔进了大海. 此后她就再没去想那只瓶子. 但 10 个月以后, 她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信. 现在这两位姑娘定期通信了. 然而她们还是决定利用邮局. 这样会稍微多花点钱, 但肯定是快得多了.【课文讲解】1、My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.同位语 My daughter，Janedream of doing sth. 梦想，幻想of ones own age 同年龄的He is boy of my own age.receivefrom 从收到2、Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and addresson it into a bottle.the Channel= the English Channel 英吉利海峡with 可放在句子后面做状语用，也可放在名词后面做定语。这里的“with her name and address on it”用来修饰名词“a piece of paper” 。I have a bag with books in it.(“in it” 不能省略)3、Both girls write to each other regularly now.write to sb. 给某人写信write (a letter) to meeach other 相互，彼此，往往强调两者之间的相互 (注意连读)有时这个短语也可用来指许多人之间“互相”We must all help each other.one another 强调三或三者以上的相互，有时可替代 each other4、Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.cost 意为“ （使）花费，价钱为”,其主语通常为某物或某件事情117It costs a lot to buy a house.sth. cost (sb.) 花了某人（钱）The dress cost me twenty pounds.more 即可做形容词, 又可做代词，文中的 “more” 为代词 = more moneygive me more 再给我一点a little 稍微，可以修饰比较级；much 修饰比较级，译为“多得多”Its a little hotter. Its much hotter.That is more expensive. （贵一些）That is a little more expensive. （稍微有点贵）That is much more expensive. （贵得多）but they will certainly travel faster.=but they will certainly travel much faster.【Key structures】跟 of, from, in 和 on 的动词动词+介词的固定短语通常可分开使用，可以有自己的宾语，并且大部分都可用于被动结构：1、后接 of 的动词：accuse of（控告） ；approve of（赞成） ；assure of（让放心） ；beware of（谨防） ；boast of/about（夸耀）, complain of/about（埋怨） ；consist of（由组成） ；convince of/about（使信服） ；cure of（治愈） ；despair of（丧失希望） ；dream of/about（幻想） ；expect of/from（期望） ；hear of/from（听到消息） ；be/get rid of（摆脱） ；smell of（闻到） ；suspect of（对猜疑） ；think of/about（思考） ；tired of（对感到厌烦） ；warn of/against（警告有危险）Someone must warm him of the difficulties. 必须有人提醒他有这些困难。He has already been warned of them. 他已经被警告过了。Dont expect too much of your child.He must have spoken of the matter to John.I have never heard of the actress.2、 后接 from 的动词： borrow from （从借） ； defend from/against（保护使免于） ； demand from/of（向要求） ； differ from （有别于） ； dismiss from （解雇） ； draw from （从中得出） ； emerge from （从出现） ；escape from（从逃出） ；excuse from/for（允许不） ；hinder from（阻止） ；prevent from（妨碍） ； prohibit from （不准许） ； protect from/against （向提抗议） ； receive from （接到） ； separate from （把分开） ；suffe from（受难）He has already received money from three aunts. 他已经收到三个姑妈的钱了He borrowed three books from Mary.He always asked for help from parents.3、后接 in 的动词：believe in（信仰） ；delight in（喜欢） ；employ(ed) in （从事） ；encourage in（鼓励） ；engage(d) in（正做） ；experience(d) in（在有经验） ；fail in（没有尽到） ；help in/with（帮助） ；includein（包括） ；indulge in（沉醉） ；instruct in（教导） ；interest(ed) in（对感兴趣） ；invest in（投资） ；involvedin（卷入） ；persist in（坚持） ；share in（分享）She delights in working hard. 她喜欢努力工作。He failed in his French test. 他法语考试没有通过。Jack helped me in driving the sheep home. 杰克帮我把羊赶回家。118Mrs. Turner is experienced in teaching. 特纳夫人很有教学经验。4、后接 on 的动词：act on（遵守） ；based on（在基础上） ；call on（拜访） ；comment on（评论） ；concentrate on（集中于） ；congratulate on（祝贺） ；consult on/about（商量） ；count on（依赖） ；decide on（决定） ；depend on（依靠） ；economize on（节约） ；embark on（从事） ；experiment on（尝试） ；insist on（坚持） ；lean on/against（倚靠于） ；live on（靠为生） ；operate on（起作用） ；perform on/in（扮演） ；pride(oneself) on（为感到自豪） ；rely on（依靠） ；vote on a motion/for someone（对表决(投的票)） ；, write on/about（写的事） ；.I think he wrote on the cost of living. 我想他写的是关于生活费用方面的。He finally decided on going home. 他最后决定回家。You cant live on fruit only. 你不能只吃水果。Last Sunday, we called on Mr. Dupont. 【Multiple choice questions】3 Jane never dreamed _d_ a letter.a. to receive b. to receiving c. of receive d. that she would receivedream of doing sth./dream that +从句8 We were travelling across the Channel. We went on a _c_ across the Channel.a. sail b. travel c. trip d. rungo on a trip 进行旅行9 Jane wrote her name and address on a _d_ of paper.a. lump b. bar c. tube d. sheeta lump of paper 一团纸a bar of 一条, 一块a tube of paper 一桶(管)纸a piece of paper/a sheet of paper 一张纸10 Both girls often write to each other now. They write _a_ .a. frequently b. occasionally c. sometimes d. now and againoften = frequentlyoccasionally(偶尔) = sometimes(有时) = now and again(时而, 不时)7 The girls write _a_ regularly now.a.to one another b.the one to the other c.each to other d.to otherone another(三者) = each other(两者) 互相，彼此，一般可互换They love each other.119Lesson 23 A new house【New words and expressions】生词和短语（4）complete v. 完成modern adj. 新式的，与以往不同的strange adj. 奇怪的district n. 地区complete v. 完成 (喜欢与建筑工程连用) vt. 完成，结束complete the buildingWork on the new school will be completed next year. adj. 完整的，全部的鲁迅全集中的 “全集” 就用 “complete”Do you know the complete story?This is a complete family. adj. 十足的，彻底的，绝对的There is complete silence in the room.That was a complete surprise.finish v. 完成finish/complete homeworkfinish/complete doing sth. 某事做完了I finish reading a book.modern adj. 新式的, 与以往不同的，现代的modern history/art 现代史/ 现代艺术modernization n.现代化strange adj. 奇怪的(表示因为对一个东西不熟悉而觉得奇怪, 陌生的) adj. 外地的，异乡的Living in a strange land is not always a pleasant thing. adj. 陌生的，生疏的That morning, he saw a strange face in the classroom.be strange to sth. 对不习惯, 对陌生This city is quite strange to me.stranger n. 陌生人 adj. 不平常的，奇特的，奇怪的，古怪的The house looks strange to some people.A strange thing happened this afternoon.district n. 地区，行政划分的区域, 城市内的120district n. 地区，行政区，地域，地带，通常隶属于某个整体或具有某些地理特征Haidian District 北京的海淀区The Lake District of Northern England is very beautiful. 英国北部的湖区非常美丽。area n. 地段region n.地带，区域，地方，(世界上某个特定的)地区, (艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层【Text】I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come toEngland next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her thatshe could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, soit looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.参考译文昨天我收到了姐姐的一封信, 她住在尼日利亚. 在信中她说她明年将到英国来. 如果她来了, 她会感到非常惊奇了. 我们现在住在乡间的一栋漂亮的新住宅里. 这栋房子在我姐姐离开之前就已动工了, 是在 5个月以前竣工的. 我在信中告诉她, 她可以和我们住在一起. 这栋房子里有许多房间, 还有一个漂亮的花园. 它是一栋非常现代化的住宅, 因此在有些人看来很古怪. 它肯定是这个地区唯一的一栋现代化住宅.【课文讲解】1、If she comes, she will get a surprise.get a surprise 感到惊奇（这里 surprise 是可数名词，指“令人惊奇的事，意想不到的事” ）Its a surprise to me that they cant sell their flat.surprise 也可以作不可数名词，表示“惊讶”She looked at the man in surprise.to ones surprise = I get a shock. 吃了一惊2、We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.a beautiful new house离一个名词最近的词跟该词的关系最密切, 冠词肯定是放在最前面的spare old cloth 不穿的旧衣服a big red flag 大红旗 (flag n. 旗, 标记；v. 标记)3、Work on it had begun before my sister left.work（工作，作业）是抽象的不可数名词， “的工作”后面必须用介词 on4、In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us.stay with 跟暂住在一起 （stay vi. 暂住，逗留）He stayed with his uncle last week.121【Special Difficulties】There is and It is在说明或询问人或物等的存在时可用 there be 结构。这种结构可以用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及现在完成时等时态。在用 there 表示过存在后，就必须用 it 或人称代词作进一步说明：Theres a bus coming, but its full.Theres a man at the door. Its the postman.it 作为“虚主语”表示时间、距离、天气等概念时，不能用 there be 结构Its fifteen miles to the station.Exercise(用 it 或 there 填空)3 _ were some men digging up the road outside my house.there : There+be+sb.+doing+地点 : 某地有某人正在做某事(典型句型)digging up: 挖出, 找出4 Look at those clouds. I think _ will