初三英语寒假专题复习四--形容词及副词.doc

戴氏精品堂菏泽校区 初三寒假班英语专题 讲义 Mr. Zhao
戴氏教育语录天下：
Do not, for one repulse, forgot the purpose that you resolved to effort.
不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。

形容词adj.
考点一 形容词比较级和最高级
一、概念
形容词是用来修饰名词、代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
二、形容词的用法及位置
1. 作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。
The nice girl is my sister.
这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
2. 作表语，放在系动词之后。
He looks very happy.
Our school is big and clean.
3. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, find, leave, keep等使役动词连用。
You must keep your eyes closed.
I find it hard to travel around the big city.
三、部分形容词特有的后缀形式

四、形容词的比较级和最高级
绝大多数形容词有三种形式,即原级,比较级和最高级, 用以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。

三级形式的用法公式:

1.形容词原级的特殊用法
（1）表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。
①肯定句结构：A+be +as+形容词原级+as+B 。 如：
English is as interesting as Chinese.
②否定句结构：A+be+not+形容词原级+as+B。 如：
This book isn’t so new as that one.
（2）表示“A是B的······倍”时，结构：A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B（二倍：twice，三倍及以上：基数词+times）。 如：
Our school is three times as big as theirs.
同样，“A是B的一半”为“A+be+half+as+形容词原级+as+B”
Her room is half as big than mine.

2.形容词比较级的用法
（1）两者之间比较时，结构：A+be+比较级+than+B。 如：
Lily’s room is bigger than mine.
（2）表示“几倍于······”时，结构：A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B。 如;
Your room is three times bigger than mine.
（3）两者之间进行选择“哪一个更······”时，结构：Which/Who+is+比较级，A or B?
Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?
（4）表示“越来越······”时，用比较级and比较级和more and more +形容词比较级。
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 
（5）表示“越······越······”时，用“the+比较级···，the+比较级···”。 如：
The more you learn English, the better your English will be.

3.形容词最高级的用法
（1）三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级形式。结构：the+最高级+名词+in/of
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
He is the fastest runner of the three boys.
（2）在三者或三者之间进行选择时，用“Which/Who is + the + 最高级，A，B or C?”
Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
（3）表示“最······的······之一”时，用“one of the+最高级”。
Zhang Jie is one of the most popular singers.
（4）形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第几最······”。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
（5）形容词最高级前可由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰。 如：
This is our best lesson today.
Those happiest days have gone.

副 词adv.
考点二 副词比较级和最高级
一、概念及分类
副词是主要用来修饰 动词、形容词、句子，以说明其时间、地点、程度、方式等意义的词。

² 副词的分类（主要有八类）：
1
时间
副词
soon, now, then, today, early, finally, once, recently, late
5
频度
副词
always, often, frequently, seldom, never, usually, ever, never, yet
2
地点
副词
in, out, here, down, away, there, nearby, outside, upwards, above
6
疑问
副词
how, where, when, why
3
方式
副词
hard, well, fast, slowly, happily, really, carefully, suddenly
7
连接
副词
how, when, where, why, whether, however, therefore, then, otherwise
4
程度
副词
much, almost, nearly, very, little, fairly, quite, rather, so, too
8
关系
副词
when, where, why
二、副词的用法及位置

² 副词的用法
1. 作状语。
He works hard.（修饰动词）
He parked the car very easily.（修饰副词）
Unfortunately, he was out.（修饰句子）
2.作定语。
Write your name in the place below.
The weather today is fine.
注：只有时间副词和地点副词可以做定语。
3.作表语。
He is back.
She was abroad all last summer.
I must be off now.
注：作表语的副词多是表位置或状态的，如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs。
4. 作宾语补足语。
Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell.
We saw her off two days ago.
Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)
注:地点副词一般可以做宾语补足语。

² 副词的位置
1) 修饰名词时（作定语），放在被修饰词之后
The villagers there are busy getting in wheat
2) 副词修饰形容词、副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。
　 It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。
　 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。
3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和第一个助动词之后。
　　I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。
　　I always remember the day when I first came to this school.
　　我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。
The work has never been done. 这份工作永远也做不完。
4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子（从句）的前面。
　　When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习?
　　Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗?
　　First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。
5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
　　What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
　　昨天下午你在教室里干什么？

三、副词比较等级的用法
副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. (可以参考形容词的变换
形式)。
1、规则变化

(1)单音节和部分双音节副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
a)直接加er,est ：
hard harder hardest ； fast faster fastest
b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：
hot hotter hottest ; fat fatter fattest
c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：
easy easier easiest; early earlier earliest
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.
提示：以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most。

2、不规则变化:

原级
比较级
最高级
good好的
better更好的
best最好的
well好地；(身体)好的,
bad, badly糟糕的, 糟糕地
worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的
worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
more更多的；更
most最多的；最
much许多的(不可数)；非常
little少的, 少地
less更少的
least最少的
far远的；远地
farther更远的；更远地
farthest最远的；最远地
further进一步的(地)
furthest最深刻的(地)

副词三级的用法：
级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原

级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
as+原级+as
(像……一样)
Play the piano as well as you can.
They work as hard as you do. 

否
定
形
式
not + so (as) +原+as
(不如……那样)
I can’t run so(as)fast as Bill.
I don’t go there as much as I used.

比较级
不同程度
（用于两者比较）
比较级+than
(比……)
I like chicken better than beef.
He studied the subject much further than I do
比较级前面可以加
much, far, even, still,
a lot, a little, a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
（越来越……）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
（越……, 越……）
He studies better and better.
The more she reads, the better she understand.

最高级
最高程度
（用于三者或三者以上）
The +最高级+of (in)
(最……)
Lin Tao jumped farthest of all.
Tom runs fastest in our class.
副词最高级前面的the 往往省略

【真题演练】
【2014黄冈】—Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us.
—It can’t have been Father. He ______ early on Sundays.
A. always gets up    B. often got up C. had got up     D. never gets up
【2014河南】—Where shall we eat tonight? 
             —Let’s call Harry. He _______ knows the best places to go.
            A. only           B. nearly         C. seldom        D. always
【2014北京】—Which season do  you like ______, winter or summer?
          —Summer.
          A. well       B. better     C. best       D. the best
【2014鄂州】—He was chosen to be a volunteer of the Olympic Games.
            —Great! No one speaks English _______ him.
         A. as beautiful as   B. as badly as    C. worse than   D. better than 
【2014扬州】—It’s said that Mo Yan’s speech was wonderful.
            —That’s true. We clapped our hands _______ many times during his speech 
yesterday.
           A. excited     B. excitedly    C. exciting       D. excitingly
【2014咸宁】—As we know it’s difficult to live in a foreign country. 
            —_______  if you can’t understand the language there.
           A. Exactly     B. Naturally      C. Usually     D. Especially
【2014长沙】—Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so well. 
           —Well, I think Kate danced ______than lily.
           A. well      B. better      C. best
【2014连云港】I could ______ control my feelings at the moment. The song brought back so many childhood memories.
A. really    B. hardly     C. nearly       D. clearly
【2014重庆】Lin Fang comes home _______ than before this term. She doesn’t have so many classes in the afternoon.
           A. early         B. earlier        C. late         D. later
【2014安徽】If my friends have any problems, my door is ______ open to them.
A. never   B. seldom   C. sometimes    D. always
 【2014重庆】I’ll ______ stay at that  hotel again. It’s so dirty and noisy.
A. really         B.  usually         C. still          D. never 
【2014白银】—He is the only one who failed in the math exam.
             —Really? You mean he studies _______.  
            A. the most careful                   B. the least careful
C. the most carefully                 D. the least carefully
【2014南昌】My sister ______ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day.
A. always        B. sometimes     C. hardly         D. never 
【2014宁波】—Did you go to the cinema last night?
—Oh, no. I _______ go to the cinema. The tickets, you know, are too expensive.
A. always         B. hardly          C. usually        D. often
【2014东营】On March 8th , Flight MH 370 went missing. The news brought great sadness to us,          the families of the passengers.
A. even          B. only            C. also           D. especially
【2014天津】We don’t want to speak badly or ______ in front of the class.
A. clearly      B. carefully        C. carelessly       D. properly
【2014温州】—How often do you go skating?
—_______. I can’t skate at all. 
            A. Always       B. Sometimes      C. Seldom          D. Never
【2014威海】To my surprise, my brother can speak English ______.
            A. lively        B. perfectly         C. badly          D. friendly
【2014滨州】—Excuse me, would you please speak a little more ______?
             —Sorry, I thought you could follow me. 
A. sadly        B. quickly          C. politely         D. slowly
【2014德州】The basketball match was really fantastic, _______ when Shu-How Lin scored in the last second.
            A.  probably     B. especially       C. exactly         D. mostly
【2014聊城】It’s dark. I can’t see the words on the blackboard _______.
            A. carefully     B. clearly          C. silently         D. patiently
【2014临沂】We are happy to see our city is developing _______ these years than before.
            A. quickly     B. the most quickly    C. very quickly    D. more quickly

【课后练习】
一、单项选择题。
1.I’m shortsighted and I can’t see the words on the notice board ____.
A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good
2.Jean works hard but she doesn’t work ____ Mary.
A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as
3.This is ____ book in our library.
A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting
4.Do you think maths is ____ important than English?
A, very B, as C, more D, quite
5.They got a Christmas tree and it was ____ ours.
A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as
6.Tom failed in the exam. He looked ____.
A, happy B, sadly C, upset D, lovely
7.A taxi doesn’t run as ____ as an underground train.
A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast
8.Yangpu Bridge is one of ____ in the world.
A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges
9.”I’ve got an A for my history,” Judy said ____.
A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy
10.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ____ one of all the movie songs.
A, the most beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautiful
11.The little baby looks ____.
A, lovely B, carefully C, heavily D, sadly
12.Her cousin can draw ____ an artist.
A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as
13.Jinmao Tower is ____ building in Shanghai.
A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest
14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it’s ____ than we need.
A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very little
15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second ____ in Shanghai.
A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large
16.I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be ____ new star in NBA.
A, hot B, hotter C, hottest D, the hottest
17.Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us ____ time to go to Pudong International Airport.
A, a few B, fewer C, a little D, less
18.A: What delicious cakes! B: They would taste ____ with butter.
A, good B, better C, bad D, worse
19.Among all the teachers in this school, Miss Tao is one of ____.
A, young B, younger C, the youngest D, the most young
20.Thanks to Mrs. Lin! With her help, we finished our work an hour ____.
A, late B, later C, early D, earlier
21.The light music sounded very ____. I enjoyed every minute of it.
A, well B, beautiful C, wonderfully D, boring
22.A: In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think.
B: I don’t agree. Speaking is ____ reading.
A, as important B, so important as C, the most important D, the same as
23.A: Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so ____. I don’t want to take it.
B: But, dear, it is good for you.
A, good B, terribly C, terrible D, well
24.Where is today’s newspaper? Is there ____ in today’s newspaper?
A, important something B, something important
C, important anything D, anything important
25.Simon looks ____ today and smiles ____ all the time.
A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy
26.It’s ____ to send an e-mail than a regular mail.
A, much more quickly B, quick C, more quickly D, much quicker
27.The price of these dictionaries is ____ than before.
A, much cheaper B, more expensive C, much higher D, more higher
28.Bob has ____ to tell you.
A, something important B, anything important
C, important something D, important nothing
29.She is looking ____ at her lovely son.
A, happy B, happily C, happiness D, happier
30.The old soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was ____, he was not ____ at all.
A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, alone D, lonely, lonely

词性变换（一）
1.On hearing the great news that Beijing has won the birds of 2008 Olympic Games, The crowds at Tian An Men Square began to cheer ______________. (excite)
2.Never give your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address or pictures to a ______________ in online chat. (strange)
3.I haven’t seen you for a long time. You look much ______________ (health)
4.Mum has bought a lot of ______________ food from the supermarket nearby. (freeze)
5.I won’t do business with such a(n) ______________ man. (honest)
6.The man was still ______________ when he was sent to the hospital. (life)
7.He went to Canada several years ago. Now he is a ______________ citizen. (Canada)
8.Drinking too much fruit juice can be ______________ to children’s teeth. (harm)
9.We have very ______________ weather here, especially in the winter. (change)
10.The test was so difficult that half of the class made ______________ marks than usual. (bad)
11.A lot of young students from different countries go to France for their _________ study. (far)
12.We should save ______________ expenses. (necessary)
13.Some parents choose ______________ presents for their children. (education)
14.In addition, E-mail can provide (提供) information ______________. (automatic)
15.Travelling by train is much cheaper and far more ______________ than a trip by air. (enjoy)

词性