初三英语寒假专题复习四--形容词及副词.doc

戴氏精品堂菏泽校区 初三寒假班英语专题 讲义 Mr. Zhao 戴氏教育语录天下：Do not, for one repulse, forgot the purpose that you resolved to effort.不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。形容词adj.考点一 形容词比较级和最高级一、概念形容词是用来修饰名词、代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。二、形容词的用法及位置1. 作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。The nice girl is my sister. 这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。2. 作表语，放在系动词之后。He looks very happy.Our school is big and clean.3. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, find, leave, keep等使役动词连用。You must keep your eyes closed.I find it hard to travel around the big city.三、部分形容词特有的后缀形式四、形容词的比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式,即原级,比较级和最高级, 用以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。三级形式的用法公式:1.形容词原级的特殊用法（1）表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句结构：A+be +as+形容词原级+as+B 。 如： English is as interesting as Chinese.否定句结构：A+be+not+形容词原级+as+B。 如：This book isnt so new as that one.（2）表示“A是B的倍”时，结构：A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B（二倍：twice，三倍及以上：基数词+times）。 如：Our school is three times as big as theirs.同样，“A是B的一半”为“A+be+half+as+形容词原级+as+B”Her room is half as big than mine.2.形容词比较级的用法（1）两者之间比较时，结构：A+be+比较级+than+B。 如：Lilys room is bigger than mine.（2）表示“几倍于”时，结构：A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B。 如;Your room is three times bigger than mine.（3）两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，结构：Which/Who+is+比较级，A or B?Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?（4）表示“越来越”时，用比较级and比较级和more and more +形容词比较级。Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.Ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.（5）表示“越越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”。 如：The more you learn English, the better your English will be.3.形容词最高级的用法（1）三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级形式。结构：the+最高级+名词+in/ofShanghai is the biggest city in China.He is the fastest runner of the three boys.（2）在三者或三者之间进行选择时，用“Which/Who is + the + 最高级，A，B or C?”Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?（3）表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+最高级”。Zhang Jie is one of the most popular singers. （4）形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（5）形容词最高级前可由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰。 如：This is our best lesson today.Those happiest days have gone.副 词adv.考点二 副词比较级和最高级一、概念及分类副词是主要用来修饰 动词、形容词、句子，以说明其时间、地点、程度、方式等意义的词。 副词的分类（主要有八类）：1时间副词soon, now, then, today, early, finally, once, recently, late5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never, usually, ever, never, yet2地点副词in, out, here, down, away, there, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, happily, really, carefully, suddenly7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, therefore, then, otherwise4程度副词much, almost, nearly, very, little, fairly, quite, rather, so, too8关系副词when, where, why二、副词的用法及位置 副词的用法1. 作状语。He works hard.（修饰动词）He parked the car very easily.（修饰副词）Unfortunately, he was out.（修饰句子）2.作定语。 Write your name in the place below. The weather today is fine.注：只有时间副词和地点副词可以做定语。3.作表语。He is back. She was abroad all last summer.I must be off now.注：作表语的副词多是表位置或状态的，如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs。4. 作宾语补足语。Put your dirty socksaway, Jim! They are giving out bad smell.We saw her off two days ago.Father kept himinand doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注:地点副词一般可以做宾语补足语。 副词的位置1) 修饰名词时（作定语），放在被修饰词之后 The villagers there are busy getting in wheat 2) 副词修饰形容词、副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 Its rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和第一个助动词之后。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustnt always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。The work has never been done. 这份工作永远也做不完。4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子（从句）的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 oclock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ 三、副词比较等级的用法副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. (可以参考形容词的变换形式)。1、规则变化(1)单音节和部分双音节副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：hard harder hardest ； fast faster fastest b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：hot hotter hottest ; fat fatter fattestc)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：easy easier easiest; early earlier earliest(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most. 提示：以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most。2、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好地；(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的, 糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的, 少地less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)副词三级的用法：级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式as+原级+as(像一样)Play the piano as well as you can.Theyworkashardasyoudo.否定形式not + so (as) +原+as(不如那样)Icantrunso(as)fastasBill.IdontgothereasmuchasIused.比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)I like chicken better than beef.Hestudiedthesubjectmuch furtherthanIdo比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He studies better and better.The more she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Lin Tao jumped farthest of all.Tom runs fastest in our class.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略【真题演练】【2014黄冈】Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us.It cant have been Father. He _ early on Sundays.A. always gets up B. often got up C. had got up D. never gets up【2014河南】Where shall we eat tonight? Lets call Harry. He _ knows the best places to go.A. only B. nearly C. seldom D. always【2014北京】Which season do you like _, winter or summer? Summer. A. well B. better C. best D. the best【2014鄂州】He was chosen to be a volunteer of the Olympic Games.Great! No one speaks English _ him. A. as beautiful as B. as badly as C. worse than D. better than【2014扬州】Its said that Mo Yans speech was wonderful.Thats true. We clapped our hands _ many times during his speechyesterday.A. excited B. excitedly C. exciting D. excitingly【2014咸宁】As we know its difficult to live in a foreign country._ if you cant understand the language there.A. Exactly B. Naturally C. Usually D. Especially【2014长沙】Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so well.Well, I think Kate danced _than lily.A. well B. better C. best【2014连云港】I could _ control my feelings at the moment. The song brought back somany childhood memories.A. really B. hardly C. nearly D. clearly【2014重庆】Lin Fang comes home _ than before this term. She doesnt have somany classes in the afternoon.A. early B. earlier C. late D. later【2014安徽】If my friends have any problems, my door is _ open to them. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always【2014重庆】Ill _ stay at that hotel again. Its so dirty and noisy. A. really B. usually C. still D. never【2014白银】He is the only one who failed in the math exam.Really? You mean he studies _.A. the most careful B. the least careful C. the most carefullyD. the least carefully【2014南昌】My sister _ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day. A. always B. sometimes C. hardly D. never【2014宁波】Did you go to the cinema last night?Oh, no. I _ go to the cinema. The tickets, you know, are too expensive. A. always B. hardly C. usually D. often【2014东营】On March 8th , Flight MH 370 went missing. The news brought great sadness to us, the families of the passengers. A. even B. only C. also D. especially【2014天津】We dont want to speak badly or _ in front of the class.A. clearly B. carefully C. carelessly D. properly【2014温州】How often do you go skating?_. I cant skate at all.A. Always B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Never【2014威海】To my surprise, my brother can speak English _.A. lively B. perfectly C. badly D. friendly【2014滨州】Excuse me, would you please speak a little more _? Sorry, I thought you could follow me. A. sadly B. quickly C. politely D. slowly【2014德州】The basketball match was really fantastic, _ when Shu-How Lin scored in the last second.A. probably B. especiallyC. exactly D. mostly【2014聊城】Its dark. I cant see the words on the blackboard _.A. carefully B. clearly C. silently D. patiently【2014临沂】We are happy to see our city is developing _ these years than before.A. quickly B. the most quickly C. very quickly D. more quickly【课后练习】一、单项选择题。1.Im shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board _.A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good2.Jean works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as3.This is _ book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting4.Do you think maths is _ important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite5.They got a Christmas tree and it was _ ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as6.Tom failed in the exam. He looked _.A, happy B, sadly C, upset D, lovely7.A taxi doesnt run as _ as an underground train.A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast8.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges9.”Ive got an A for my history,” Judy said _.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy10.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is _ one of all the movie songs.A, the most beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautiful11.The little baby looks _.A, lovely B, carefully C, heavily D, sadly12.Her cousin can draw _ an artist.A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as13.Jinmao Tower is _ building in Shanghai.A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need.A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very little15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second _ in Shanghai.A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large16.I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be _ new star in NBA.A, hot B, hotter C, hottest D, the hottest17.Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us _ time to go to Pudong International Airport.A, a few B, fewer C, a little D, less18.A: What delicious cakes! B: They would taste _ with butter.A, good B, better C, bad D, worse19.Among all the teachers in this school, Miss Tao is one of _.A, young B, younger C, the youngest D, the most young20.Thanks to Mrs. Lin! With her help, we finished our work an hour _.A, late B, later C, early D, earlier21.The light music sounded very _. I enjoyed every minute of it.A, well B, beautiful C, wonderfully D, boring22.A: In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think.B: I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading.A, as important B, so important as C, the most important D, the same as23.A: Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so _. I dont want to take it.B: But, dear, it is good for you.A, good B, terribly C, terrible D, well24.Where is todays newspaper? Is there _ in todays newspaper?A, important something B, something importantC, important anything D, anything important25.Simon looks _ today and smiles _ all the time.A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy26.Its _ to send an e-mail than a regular mail.A, much more quickly B, quick C, more quickly D, much quicker27.The price of these dictionaries is _ than before.A, much cheaper B, more expensive C, much higher D, more higher28.Bob has _ to tell you.A, something important B, anything important C, important something D, important nothing29.She is looking _ at her lovely son.A, happy B, happily C, happiness D, happier30.The old soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was _, he was not _ at all.A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, alone D, lonely, lonely词性变换（一）1.On hearing the great news that Beijing has won the birds of 2008 Olympic Games, The crowds at Tian An Men Square began to cheer _. (excite)2.Never give your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address or pictures to a _ in online chat. (strange)3.I havent seen you for a long time. You look much _ (health)4.Mum has bought a lot of _ food from the supermarket nearby. (freeze)5.I wont do business with such a(n) _ man. (honest)6.The man was still _ when he was sent to the hospital. (life)7.He went to Canada several years ago. Now he is a _ citizen. (Canada)8.Drinking too much fruit juice can be _ to childrens teeth. (harm)9.We have very _ weather here, especially in the winter. (change)10.The test was so difficult that half of the class made _ marks than usual. (bad)11.A lot of young students from different countries go to France for their _ study. (far)12.We should save _ expenses. (necessary)13.Some parents choose _ presents for their children. (education)14.In addition, E-mail can provide (提供) information _. (automatic)15.Travelling by train is much cheaper and far more _ than a trip by air. (enjoy)词性