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国易书苑
五、 连 词
(一) 知识概要
连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，意义有转折的并列连词有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词，如：or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。
(二）改错
1. Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.
2. He or his parents has some tickets for the film.
3. You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam.
4. Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.
5. Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.
6. Either you or I are on duty.
7. Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.
8. My father likes swimming and to collect stamps.
9. My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework.
10. My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive.
11. We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.
12. Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance.
13. The teacher as well as his students are coming.
14. Tom does not swim nor play football.
15. For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home.
16. My brother will pass the English exam is no question.
17. This map will show you how will you get to the hotel.
18. While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out.
19. While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.
20. While I heard the bad news I felt sad.
21. After school some students play football, or others go to the library.
22. She sang when she walked along the dark street.
23. I finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night.
24. I have studied English when I was twelve.
25. Because he didn't study hard, so he didn't pass the exam.
26. He was such excited that he could not speak.
27. He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus.
28. I want to buy same stamp that you have.
29. Before I do not give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions.
(三) 例题解析
1 We bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it.
A. but B. and C. or D. so
2 Run quickly, ＿＿＿ we'll miss the early train.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
3 I'll give the book to him ＿＿＿ he comes back.
A. since B. as soon as C. before D. until
4 Don't cross the road ＿＿＿ the light turns green.
A. when B. while C. until D. as
5 Miss Gao has been a teacher ＿＿＿ 1990.
A. before B. after C. since D. in
6 - Which would you like better, tea ＿＿＿ milk?- Tea, please.
A. but B. and C. or D. with
7 We love spring ＿＿＿ there's beautiful flowers every where.
A. though B. but C. or D. because
8 Please leave ＿＿＿ 7∶００, then you'll be able to get ＿＿＿ there earlier.
A. till, in B. from, / C. before, / D. behind, to
9 The teacher didn't begin the lesson ＿＿＿ all the students stopped talking.
A. until B. after C. if D. because
10 Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ＿＿＿ she was ill.
A. but B. until C. if D. because
11 You must start right now, ＿＿＿ you'll miss the train.
A. for B. and C. so D. or
12 ＿＿＿ he is a child of six, he can read and write.
A. Whose B. If C. Though D. Because
13 I like fish, ＿＿＿ chicken, ＿＿＿ eggs.
A. and, and B. and, with C. /, and D. and, /
14 Take this dictionary with you ＿＿＿ you may use it in class.
A. when B. in order to C. but D. so that
15 I hope ＿＿＿ will be fine tomorrow.
A. it B. what C. whether D. when
16 ＿＿＿ she was not well, I decided to go without her.
A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of
17 My aunt bought me ＿＿＿ many story books that I spent a lot of time them.
A. such…on B. such…in C. too…in D so…on
18 Mother was cooking ＿＿＿ she ＿＿＿ a knock at the door.
A. when, listen to B. while, listened toC. while, heard D. when, heard
19 Speak slowly, ＿＿＿ we can understand you.
A. and B. or
C. if D. because
20 You'll learn English well ＿＿＿ you put your heart into it.
A. if B. so
C. until D. or
21 I won't let you in ＿＿＿ you show me your pass.
A. until B. for
C. since D. because
22 She didn't go to school ＿＿＿ she was ill.
A. why B. because
C. where D. but
[易错点解析]
①关于not…until
He stayed there until it was very late.句中，stay是可延续性动词，所以不用not.
He didn‘t leave until it was very late.句中，leave是不可延续性动词，所以用not
②because， so；although， but
上面已经提到，because和so及although和but不连用。
例如：Because he was late，he didn‘t catch the first bus.
一定不可以说Because he was late， so he didn‘t catch the first bus.
③or还是and
祈使句＋or＋陈述句 前后是对立的 祈使句＋and＋陈述句 前后是统一的
（or或and后的陈述句，常用一般将来时）
Study hard， or you won‘t pass the exam.
Study hard， and you will pass the exam.
两句都可以转换成“If条件句＋主句”形式，注意：要去掉or和and：
If you don‘t study hard， you won’t pass the exam.
If you study hard， you will pass the exam.
④because， since， as， for表示原因时的区别
尽管because， for， since， as都表示原因，但是用法上有不同。
because 通常表示说话人认为这种理由或者原因是听话人所不知道的。
如：He didn‘t attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
since表示的原因是人们已知的事实，常译作“既然”。
如：Since he can‘t answer this question， you’d better ask someone else.
as表示原因与since差别不大，只是语气更弱， 多译为“由于”
如：As I haven‘t seen the film， I can’t tell you what I think of it.
for表示因果关系时，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首。而且经常是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。
如：It rained last night， for the ground is wet.
⑤ as， when， while
when意思是“在……时刻或时期”，它可以兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，从句的动词既可以是可延续性动词也可以是不可延续性动词。
如：When I got home，he was having supper. When I was young，I liked dancing.
as意思是“边……边……”或“与……同时”，重在表示动作同时发生伴随进行。
如：They talked as they walked.
while只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，从句的动词只限于延续性动词。
如：While I slept a thief broke in.
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