新国际音标和读音规则变化.pptx

,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/3/1,#,国 际 音 标,最新英语,元 音,(,20,Vowels,),/,i:,/,I,/,e,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,/,u:,/,/,e,I,/,a,I,/,/,/,/,a,/,I,/,e,/,/,:,:,:,元音音标学习,辅音,(,2,8,Consonants,),/,p,/,b,/,t,/,d,/,k,/,g,/,/,/,/,/,f,/,v,/,/,/,/,s,/,z,/,/,/,/,h,/,m,/,/,n,/,/,I,/,r,/,/,ts,/,dz,/,tr,/,dr,/,/,w,/,j,/,Unit 1,Look,listen and learn,/,i:,/,/,I,/,/,b,/,/,p,/,元 音,辅 音,/,t,/,/,d,/,/i:/,嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情，与字母,E,发音相同。,/,嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部提高，嘴形扁平。,/j/,嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面抵住上颚，声带需振动,/p/,双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。,/b/,双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。,/t/,舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带不振动。,/d/,舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。,拼一拼,i:,t,I,t,i:,d,I,d,p,i:,t,p,I,t p,i:,d p,I,d,b,i:,t,b,I,t,b,i:,d,b,I,d,t,i:,t,t,I,t,t,i:,d,t,I,d,d,i:,t,d,I,t d,i:,d d,I,d,拼一拼,i:,p,I,p,i:,b,I,b,p,i:,p p,I,p pi,:,b p,I,b,b,i:,p b,I,p b,i:,b b,I,b,t,i:,p t,I,p t,i:,b t,I,b,d,i:,p d,I,p d,i:,b d,I,b,读音标 写字母,/,i:,/,Ee,/,b,i:,/,Bb,/,p,i:,/,Pp,/,t,i:,/,Tt,/,d,i:,/,De,Writing,/,i:,/,I,/,p,/,b,/,t,/,d,/,/p,i:,/p,I,/b,i:,/b,I,/,/t,i:,/t,I,/d,i:,/d,I,/,哪些单词含有,/,i:,/,的音？ice cream peach eaglebee eel green feet sixteenhe Chinese,i:发音字母:ee ea e ie ei i,three tree green sheep meet beef see,eat tea meat leave teacher team speak clean please,he she me,piece believe,receive,police policeman machine,哪些单词含有,/,I,/,的音？elephantpink chicken fish six sixteen windowmilkorange,发音字母,:i y e,sit picture it is six pig big build miss in,many twenty happy dictionary city very sorry,begin English pretty cinema decide delicious destroy,a:orange cabbage,ay:Sunday holiday,ey:monkey,u:busy,ui:build building,ai:captain,哪些单词含有,/,p,/,b,/,t,/,d,/,的音？,bad big bag bus,pear police play peach,dog duck,teacher table,p pen pencil pea peach pig pink purple map,b bee big bye black bed bear book banana,t two too to boat ten twelve,d bed dad do need duck head,Unit 2,/,/,/,e,/,元 音,辅 音 摩擦音,/,s,/,z,/,f,/,v,/,/e/,嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。,/,嘴张大，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿，,/s/,双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带不振动。,/z/,双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带需振动。,/f/,上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，声带不振动。,/v/,上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，声带需振动。,拼一拼,p,e,t p,t p,i:,t,b,e,d b,d b,i:,d,t,e,p t,p t,i:,p,d,e,b d,b d,i:,b,拼一拼,/,e,/,e,p t,e,p p,e,p d,e,p,b,e,p,/,/,p t,p p,p d,p,b,p,拼一拼,I,I,p b,I,p t,I,b d,I,d,e,e,t p,e,t t,e,t d,e,t,d p,d b,d t,d d,d,d,d,I,s,i:,s s,s s,e,s s,s,s,i:,p s,p s,e,p s,p,s,i:,b s,b s,e,b s,b,s,i:,t s,t s,e,t s,t,s,i:,d s,d s,e,d s,d,p,i:,s p,s p,e,s p,s,b,i:,s b,s b,e,s b,s,t,i:,s t,s t,e,s t,s,d,i:,s d,s d,e,s d,s,s,i:,s s,s s,e,s s,s,I,z z,I,p,I,t b,i:,t,i:,z z,e,st,I,ts s,t,i:,z,I,b,e,dz s,I,t b,I,ts,b,I,z,I,d,I,z,I,s,i:,t,s,I,t,I,f,i:,f f,f f,e,f f,f,f,i:,p f,p f,e,p f,p,f,i:,t f,t f,e,t f,t,f,i:,s f,s f,e,s f,s,f,i:,z f,z f,e,b f,d,v,i:,z v,z v,e,z v,z,v,i:,p v,p v,e,p v,p,v,i:,t v,t v,e,t v,t,v,i:,b v,v v,e,b v,b,v,i:,s v,s v,e,s v,s,读音标 写字母,/s,i:,/,/,e,f/,/,e,s/v,i:,/,/z,e,d/z,i:,/,Cc,Ff,Ss,Vv,Z z,Z z,Writing,/,e,/,/,s,/,z,/,f,/,v,/,/,s,e,/,s,/,z,e,/,z,/,/,f,e,/,f,/,v,e,/,v,/,哪些单词含有,/,e,/,的音？,elephant bed pencil red yellow pet,e 发音字母:ea e a ai,head bread breakfast heavy pleasure,elephant remember sell lesson better bed desk hotel yes,many any,said,哪些单词含有,/,/,的音？,apple ant carrot rabbit black cat panda piano,发音字母,:a,bag hand and ant happy hat map black back glad flag man,哪些单词含有,/,s,/,z,/,f,/,v,/,的音？,snake face Sunday,Chinese these those this,fish face four,vest vet violin five seven,s snake sing face,z zoo zebra,f fish frog foot face farm,v vest very live leave,Unit 3,/,/,/,:,/,元 音,/,u:,/,/,/,/:/,嘴唇收的小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。,/,口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。,/u:/,嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量外缩。,/,嘴唇张开略向前突，嘴形稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。,p,b b,s t,p,p,:,f b,:,v t,:,p,d,:,z,f,s v,z s,t,s,:,f z,:,t v,:,t f,:,s,p,t b,d f,t v,d,p,t b,d f,t v,d,t,u:,b,u:,t f,u:,t z,u:,d,i:,z p,i:,s s,i:,t z,i:,b,Writing,/,/,:,/,u:,/,/,/p,/p,:,/p,u:,/,/b,/b,:,/b,u:,/,/t,/t,:,/t,u:,/t,/,/f,/f,:,/f,u:,/f,/,/v,/v,:,/v,u:,/v,/,/s,/s,:,/s,u:,/s,/,/z,/z,:,/z,u:,/z,/,哪些单词含有,/,:,/,的音？,four,forty,watermelon,ball,哪些单词含有,/,/,的音？,box fox rock on,哪些单词含有,/,u:,/,的音？,to,two,too,哪些单词含有,/,/,的音？,foot look book,put,:发音字母:al ar au or our oor,all small wall talk tall ball call walk,warm quarter,daughter autumn,short horse for forty sport door floor store,four your,door floor,(),发音字母,:o a,orange hot lost lot fox box hop lot not,want what wash watch,u:,发音字母,:oo o u,too zoo food school room goose tooth,who do two to shoe whose,true truth blue full ruler,发音字母,:oo ou u o,look good foot book wood,should could would,put full pull push,woman wolf,Unit 4,/,/,/,/,:,元 音,辅 音,/,k,/,g,/,/,r,/,j,/,/:/,口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴放低，放松发音。,/,嘴唇微微张开伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起。,/k/,舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，但声带不振动。,/g/,舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，但声带需振动。,/r/,舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。,/j/,嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面抵住上颚，声带需振动,/,嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部提高，嘴形扁平。,p,a,:,k,b,a,:,d,a,:,k,f,a,:,m v,a,:,s,k,a,:,z,s,s f,n b,s r,n,s,f,n,i,b,t g,n,k,:,k,t,k,s,k,u:,k,:,t k,i:,z,k,k k,nt,g,:,d g,s,g,e,t,g,n gr,u:,p g,d g,t,j,u:,j,u:,s,j,u:,n,I,t,kj,u:,mj,u:,z,I,k,r,n,r,u:,l,r,e,d,j,e,s j,st,读音标 写字母,/kj,u:,/,/,:,/,/j,u:,/,e,ks/,Q q,R r,U u,X x,/,d,blj,u:,/,W w,Writing,/,:,/k/g/j/r/,/k,:,/g,:,/j,:,/,/j,u:,/r,e,d/k,s/,/j,s,/k,k/g,e,s/,哪些单词含有,/,:,/,的音？,banana clasroom,:,发音字母,:ar a,car farm card arm garden ask,fast class last glass aunt,哪些单词含有,/,/,的音？,bus,one soccer,发音字母,:u o ou oo,up supper lunch fun run hunt cup bus,come mother brother love above,trouble,blood flood,哪些单词含有,/k/g/j/r/,的音？,k(k,、,c,、,ck),come cap cat,bike cake,black duck,g bag pig dog egg girl,r rabbit red rice,j yes yellow you,Unit 5,(,鼻音,),/,m,/,n,/,/,辅 音,/,l,/,/m/,两嘴唇闭上，舌头尖别贴上牙，舌根子别堵嗓子眼。两嘴唇让嘴一点不呼气，鼻子哼哼出来的声就是,m,。,/n/,两嘴唇张开，舌头尖贴在上牙，舌根子别堵嗓子眼。舌头尖让嘴一点不呼气，鼻子哼哼出来的声就是,n,。,/,两嘴唇张开，舌头尖别贴上牙，舌根子堵在嗓子眼。舌根子让嘴一点不呼气，鼻子哼哼出来的声就是,。,/,舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌旁边送出，声带振动。,k,t k,f k,:,t,s,k,b,ks b,:,k,b,t,t,p t,:,k,g,n,g,t g,:,d,d,k,t,k t,:,k,m,i:,t n,i:,d d,i:,m d,i:,n,m,d n,d,d,m d,n,m,e,t n,e,t d,e,m d,n,m,st,n,n,d,m d,n,m,u:,v nj,u:,s r,u:,m,/,n,/,/,b,n t,n b,t,p,n s,n p,s,r,n b,n r,b,k p,k b,k,m,k r,k s,k,s,s,k,t,:,k,r,n,b,e,g,k,mp,g,e,t,k,f,r,i:,d,s,e,t,sl,i:,p,j,mp,l,:,f,s,t,p,t,st,d,sp,i:,k,l,:,st l,i:,st l,e,t l,st,m,t l,e,t n,e,t,l,p n,p l,i:,d n,i:,d,l,:,t n,:,m l,k m,n,l,k m,n l,t m,p,k,u:,l r,u:,l b,u:,l,e,l b,e,l b,e,lt,m,l m,i:,l m,e,lt,p,l sk,u:,l f,u:,l,k,a,:,l r,u,:l b,:,l,读音标 写字母,/,e,l/,e,m/,/,e,n/,L l,M m,N n,Writing,/,/,m,/,n,/,/,l,/,e,l,/,/,e,m,/,e,n,/,/,/,n,:,/,l,:,/,m,i:,/,n,i:,/,/,m,/,n,/,l,/,m,u:,/,/,l,/,m,/,n,/,l,/,/,l,:,/,m,:,/,n,:,/,/,m,/,n,/,p,/,b,/,/,d,/,k,/,/,g,/,f,/,/,v,:,/,/,s,:,/,z,:,/,哪些单词含有,/,m,/,n,/,/,/,l,/,的音？,moon morning mother milk mouse mice mop map,snake net near nine student no sandwich not window on in plane,under,ball bell doll,m monkey milk some come game,n nose son sun run chicken pen,king sing English,l lion lemon blue leg lamp,Unit 6,元 音,/,e,/,辅 音,/,/,/,/,/e/,由,e,和,i,两个单音组成，,e,重读，,i,轻读，口型由半开到合。字母,A,就发这个音。,/t/,双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。,/d/,双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带需振动。,gr,e,I,s k,e,I,k p,e,I,d,e,I,p,e,I,l,n,e,I,i:,u:,z t,i:,r,I,i:,p,r,I,n,k,I,t,u:,s ,b,st,e,st,w,l,:,k,/,e,I,/,/,i,:,/,/,e,I,/,/,e,I,/,/k,e,I,/,Aa,Gg,Hh,Jj,K k,读音标 写字母,Writing,/e,I,/,e,I,/,e,I,/,/,i:,/,i:,/,/,st/,/,e,I,l/,e,l/,e,I,/,e,I,/,哪些单词含有,/,e,/,的音？,cake,e,发音字母,:a ay ai ey ea,name cake late gate plane April,play say may way day away,rain paint eight eighteen eighty,they grey,great break,哪些单词含有,/,/,/,/,的音？,t Chinses China peach beach chicken,d orange juice,Unit 7,元 音,/,/,/,:,辅 音,/,/,/,/,h,/,/:/,嘴形扁平，上下齿微开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。,/,嘴唇微微张开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起，口腔自然放松发声。,/,舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带不振动。,/,舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带需振动。,/h/,嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。,i:,f,I,k,r,i:,I,n,i:,z ,I,s ,t,s,:,d,k,I,:,t,e,n,n,f,e,h,:,d h,e,n h,I,s,f,:,t,i:,pl,e,I,t,:,l,:,l,I,n,:,s h,:,i:,z,i:,i:,m,I,s,I,t,i:,t,i:,z,I,k s,I,k s,i:,p,:,p,:,s s,i:,z,Writing,/,:,/,/,/,/,h,/,/p,:,/,f,:,/,I,s/,/h,i:,t/h,s/,I,k/,/,e,n/,g,e,/,/t p/,/t,g,e,t,/,/t,p/,/t,:,p,/,拼一拼,/t,p/t,u:,p/,:,哪些单词含有,/,:,/,的音？,:,发音字母,:ir ur ear er or,girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird,turn burn murder nurse turtle purple Thursday,learn early earth heard,term her,work worker word world,哪些单词含有,/,/,的音？,picture,computer other mother father eraser,发音字母,:er or o a e ur ure,teacher under remember player father mother farmer after,doctor actor forget,together tomorrow today lesson welcome policeman,around about ago elephant away banana China,student open different,Saturday picture,哪些单词含有,/,/,/,h,/,的音？,three mouth truth tooth teeth,with there these that those,h hen house horse hand hair,Unit 8,元 音,半元音,/,a,I,/,/,a,/,/,/,/,w,/,(,/,j,/,),/a/,由两个单音组成，前音重读后音轻读，口型由开到合。与字母,I,的发音相同。,/a/,由,a,和,u,两个单音组成，,a,重读，,u,轻读，口型由大到小。,/,由,和,u,两个单音组成，发音也是一个过程，口型由半开到小，与字母,O,的发音是相同的。,/w/,双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两旁滑开，声带振动。,/,嘴唇张开略向前突，嘴形稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。,/j/,嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面抵住上颚，声带需振动,/w/,先发乌,后带点窝的音,连起来乌窝就是正确的发音,/j/,发已，后面带耳的音，连起来发已而。,/,a,I,/,/,:,/,d,a,I,d,d,t,d,:,t,k,a,I,t,k,t,k,:,t,p,a,I,p,p,p,p,:,s,/,a,I,/,e,I,/,e,/,d,a,I,l,d,e,I,l,d,e,d,r,a,I,s,r,e,I,l,r,e,st,n,a,I,n,n,e,I,m,n,e,t,/,a,/,/,/,n,a,n,n,t,r,a,r,n,k,h,a,s,f,t,f,ks,/,f,/,v,/,f,:,st,v,:,s,fl,d,s,:,v,l,:,f,v,a,l,/,w,/,/,j,/,w,:,k,w,e,b,w,I,n,j,e,t,j,e,l,j,读音标 写字母,/,a,I,/,/,w,a,I,/,I i,Y y,Writing,/,a,I,/,a,/,/,w,/,/,j,/,n,e,I,m,/,g,e,I,m,/,/,n,/,h,a,s,/,j,e,I,t,/,/,fl,d/,f,:,st,/,哪些单词含有,a,的音？,ice chinese kite I quiet knife driver white find sky like library five nine rice,a,发音字母,:i y igh,bike fine find hi nine five rice write like,my try fly by,light night high,哪些单词含有,a,的音？,a,发音字母,:ou ow,house out about ground count sound blouse around mouse,flower down now cow how town brown,哪些单词含有,的音？,发音字母,:o ow oa,home cold go no phone host ghost,know yellow below throw blow show row,boat coat goat,哪些单词含有,/,w,/,j,/,的音？,j yes yellow you,w water watermelon white,Unit 9,元 音,/,I,/,/,e,/,/,I,/,/,/,辅 音,/,/,/,/,/,由,i,和,两个单音组成，,i,重读，,轻读，双唇始终是半开的。,/e/,由,e,和,两个单音组成，前重后轻，舌尖抵下齿，双唇半开。,/,由,和,i,两个单音组成，前重读后轻读，双唇由圆到扁，口型从开到合，,/,两个单音组成，,u,重读，,轻读，双唇由收圆到半开。,/,双唇收圆并微微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带不振动。,/,双唇收圆并微微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带需振动。,/,/,/,s,i:,:,s,i:,f,I,I,v,I,n,pr,e,pl,e,/,I,/,e,/,/,f,I,f,e,f,h,I,h,e,h,m,I,m,e,m,t,I,t,e,t,/,e,I,/,a,I,/,I,/,b,e,I,b,a,I,b,I,e,I,l,a,I,l,I,l,p,e,I,nt,p,a,I,nt p,I,nt,r,e,I,s,r,a,I,s,r,I,s,Writing,/,I,/,e,/,/,I,/,/,/,/,m,e,/,/,f,I,I,/,h,I,/,b,I,/,/,e,/,w,e,/,k,I,n,/,哪些单词含有,的音？,发音字母,:eer ear ere,beer deer,ear near dear,here,哪些单词含有,e,的音？,e,发音字母,:ear air ere eir,pear bear,chair air,there where,their theirs,哪些单词含有,的音？,发音字母,:oy oi,boy toy,toilet oil noise,哪些单词含有,的音？,发音字母,:ure,sure,哪些单词含有,/,/,/,的音？,ship sheep shop she,measure pleasure,Unit 10,/,ts,/,dz,/,/,tr,/,/,dr,/,/tr/,双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发,/r/,的姿势，声带不振动。,/dr/,双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发,/r/,的姿势，声带需振动。,/ts/,舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动。,/dz/,舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带需振动。,/,tr,/,dr,/,tr,I,p,dr,:,tr,k,dr,m,tr,v,l,dr,a,I,v,/,ts,/,dz,/,b,ts,b,e,dz,h,ts,h,ndz,stj,u:,d,nts,b,:,dz,Writing,/,tr,/,dr,/,ts,/,dz,/,/,dr,:,/,dr,a,I,v,/,/,tr,v,l,/,/,tr,I,p,/,/p,e,n/p,n,/,/b,n/b,n/,拼一拼,/b,i:,n/b,I,n/,:,/p,i:,k,/,/p,I,k,/,/p,k/p,k/,/p,e,k,/p,k,/,拼一拼,:,/t p/,/t,g,e,t,/,/t,p/,/t,:,p,/,拼一拼,/t,p/t,u:,p/,:,/p,:,l/,/p,l,/p,:,l/,/p,l/p,u:,l,/,拼一拼,/p,l,i:,s/,拼一拼,/f,l/f,:,l/,/f,l/f,u:,l/,/f,:,l/,f,:,l,/,/k,d/k,:,d,/,拼一拼,/k,u:,d/,/k,d,/,/k d/,k l,/,:,拼一拼,/w,t/w,:,t,/,/w,t/w,u,:,t/,/w,:,t/,w,:,t,/,拼一拼,/,m/,/,I,n,/,/,I,k/,p,/,/,/,:,l,/,e,s,/,拼一拼,/m,e,d/m,p,/,/m,u:,n/m,m,/,/m,i:,t/m,I,s,/,拼一拼,/,r,i:,/,/,d,/,/,I,s/,t/,/,I,k/,ks/,:,拼一拼,/w,/,i:,p/,/,r,I,/,i:,p/,/,i:,/,k,I,t/,拼一拼,/j,e,s/gr,i:,n/,/f,st/h,v/,/g,I,t,/h,e,l,/,:,:,读音标 写字母,/t,i:,/b,i:,/,/,/s,i:,/p,i:,/,/v,i:,/d,i:,/,读音标 写字母,/,i:,/,e,f,/,/,e,l/,e,m,/,/,e,n/,e,s,/,读音标 写字母,/,e,ks,/,/z,e,d/,/z,i:,/,t,i:,v,i:,/,/l,st/fr,u:,t/,读音标 写单词,/p,e,n,/,/k,i:,/,/kw,i,lt,/,/,r,u:,l,/,/,h,e,l,n/,读音标 写单词,/g,d,/,/,m,:,n,I,/,/,i:,vn,I,/,/,ft,n,u:,n,/,:,/,:,/,哪些单词含有,/,tr,/,/,dr,/,/,ts,/,dz,/,的音？,tr tree train trousers,dr drink dress drive,ts skirts students shirts,dz words hands heads friends,元 音,12,个单元音,长元音,a:,:,i:,:,u:,短元音,e,8,个双元音,a,e,e,a,辅 音,10,对,清辅音,p,t,k,f,s,t,tr,ts,浊辅音,b,d,g,v,z,3,d3,dr,dz,3,个鼻音,m,n,3,个似拼音,h,r,l,2,个半元音,w,j,（三）读音规则,1.,读音规则,(Rules of reading),：字母的名称音和它的发音是两回事。至于某个字,母在某个单词中究竟发什么音，则取决于这个字母在这个词中前后和什么字母结合,根据这个字母在词中所处的不同位置而发出不同的音来。究竟应该如何发音是有一,些规律可循的,将这些规律归纳起来,就成为读音规则。,首先明确,ple,也是个音节。这是因为英语,的,28,个辅音中有,4,个响音,(/m/,/n/,/,/,/l/),它可以和它前面的另一个辅音构成,一个音节,叫做,成节音,(syllabic),它总是,出现在词的,末尾,而且,是非重读的,如：,peo,ple,/pl/,tab,le,/bl/,sociali,sm,/zm/,确定音节时,一,不能只看字母的数,二,不,能只看有没有元音字母,而是要看有没,有,元音,。英语单词分单音节词、双音节,词和多音节词。,音节,(Syllables):,音节是包含一个元音,或一个元音跟别的辅音结合而成的发音,单位。在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音,可以构成一个音节,如：,I;,一个元音和一,个或几个元音或辅音音素也可以构成一个,音节,如：,go,bed,lamp,stand,。一般来说,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成,音节。,A.,音节的种类,:,(,A),开音节,(Open syllables):,分绝对开音节,和相对开音节两种。,a.,绝对开音节：就是在元音字母后面没有,辅音字母的音节,如,:no,she,me,等（无声,的,e,除外）。,b.,相对开音节：就是在元音字母后面有辅,音字母（,r,除外）,还有一个无声的字母,e,如,:take,bike,note,mute,等,(have,例外,),。,不论是绝对开音节还是相对开音节,读音的,规则就是,发其中元音字母的名称音,。,(B),闭音节,(Close syllables):,元音字母,后面有辅音字母（,r,除外）时,这个元,音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。它的,读音规则是,:,元音字母,a,读作,/,/;,e,读,作,/e/;i,读作,/;o,读作,/,/;u,读作,/,/,如,:,a,t,c,a,t,sh,a,ll;d,e,sk,b,e,st;s,i,t,p,i,g,p,i,ck;h,o,t,kn,o,ck;,u,p,c,u,t,d,u,ck,等。,(C),-r,音节,：元音字母与辅音字母,r,结合，构成,ar,er,ir,or,ur,音节。在,-r,音节中,ar,读作,/,:,/,如：,c,ar,f,ar,p,ar,k,st,ar,l,ar,ge,f,ar,mer,t,ar,get,c,ar,pet,c,ar,penter,c,ar,bon,(,例外：,war,warm,warp,Mary);,or,读作,/,:/,如,:sh,or,t,h,or,se,n,or,th,sp,or,t,n,or,mal,f,or,ward(,例外,:word,work,worm,world);,er,ir,ur,都读作,/,:,/,如：,h,er,v,er,b,t,er,m,s,er,ve,st,er,n,c,er,tain(,例外：,clerk,very,Derby);,g,ir,l,b,ir,d,f,ir,st,sh,ir,t,sk,ir,t,f,ir,m;f,ur,h,ur,t,b,ur,n,t,ur,n,n,ur,se,f,ur,ther,c,ur,tain,。,有一点要注意：在双音节或多音节的词,中,r,如果是,双写,r,前的元音字母在重读,音节中,按闭音节的读音规则,发音,例如：,m,ar,ry/,m,er,ry/e/,m,ir,ror/,s,or,ry/,/,h,ur,ry/,/,。,(D),-re,音节,：元音字母与辅音字母组合,-re,结合，构成,are,ere,ire,ore,ure,音节。在,-re,音节中,are,读作,/,/,如：,c,are,d,are,h,are,r,are,st,are,squ,are,;ere,读作,/,/,或,/,/,如：,m,ere,h,ere,;th,ere,wh,ere,(,例外：,were),；,ire,读作,/ai,/,如：,f,ire,t,ire,h,ire,;ore,读作,/,:/,如：,m,ore,s,ore,w,ore,st,ore,;ure,读作,/ju,/,或,/u,/,如：,p,ure,c,ure,man,ure,;s,ure,。,这里所说的读音规则是以,重读,为前提的,也就是说,这个规则只适用于重读音节,是这些音节在单词中处于重读音节地位,时才能使用的规则,换句话说,如果它们,处于非重读音节地位时,以上的规则就,不起作用了,如：,a,:,a,bout,a,bove,a,gain,v,a,cation,wom,a,n,breakf,a,st,Chin,a,;,(,例外,:,contr,a,st,acrob,a,t,）,pal,a,ce,vill,a,ge,comr,a,de,sep,a,r,a,te (,例外,：,celebr,a,te,）；,e,:,op,e,n,happ,e,n,sent,e,nce,exc,e,ll,e,nt,(,例外,：,cont,e,nt,comm,e,nt),；,i(y),:cit,y,stud,y,off,i,ce,morn,i,ng,(,例外,：,occup,y,satisf,y,beautif,y,;,hol,i,day,poss,i,ble,）；,o,：,sec,o,nd,pr,o,duce,c,o,nsider;p,o,lice,dem,o,cratic;,（,例外,:phot,o,pian,o,p,o,tat,o,t,o,mat,o,radi,o),u,:aut,u,mn,s,u,pport,s,u,ggest,diffic,u,lt;,(,例外,:comm,u,nist,occ,u,py,instr,u,ment),ar,:coll,ar,doll,ar,sug,ar,gramm,ar,calend,ar,particul,ar,forw,ar,d,or,:doct,or,eff,or,t,f,or,get,comf,or,table,er,:pap,er,teach,er,p,er,form,conv,er,sation,ir(yr),:c,ir,cumference,mart,yr,ur,:Sat,ur,day,murm,ur,2.,单词重音,(Word stress):,在英语单词中，,有一个音节的叫单音节词,有两个音节的,叫双音节词,有三个和三个以上音节的叫,多音节词。一般来说,单音节和双音节词,只有一个音节是重读的,叫做重读音节,（个别的也有两个都重读的,如：,re,tell,re,write,),。重音符号是个直撇,位置在重读音节的左上方。多音节词中往,往有次重读