生化复习题(英文).doc

Ⅰ. Filling banks .
1. Asymmetries of membrane are maintained during fusion. The inside of the vesicles because the outside of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasmic side .

2. Many proteins are targeted by signal sequences to their correct destinations , ensuring that they will end up in the correct membrane or cell compartment .

3. Secific protein are synthesized either on free or on membrane-bound polyribosomes .

4. Mitochondrial (mt) genome encodes proteins, with its own system , but majority of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized outside mitochondrion . 20~60 amino acid sequences mediate target proteins to the matrix,so-called translocation .

5.Importins and exportins are involved in transport of macromolecules in and out of the nucleus .

6 . Most eases of Zellweger syndrane are due to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in import of peroxisomal proteins .

7. Signal peptide emerges from large subunits of ribosome . It recognized by signal recognition particle , which blocks further translation after about 70 amino acids , so-called elongation arrest . Then above complex bound docking protein on membrane .

8. Chaperones are proteins that prevent faulty folding and unproductive interactions of other proteins .

9. The fungal metabolite brefelding A prevents GTP from binding to ARF , which inhibits the entire coating process .

10.Vesicles non-clathrin --coated vesicle lie at the heart of intracellular transport.

1 . Peroxisomal proteins are ( A )
A Responsible for metabolism of FA , lipids , cholesterol , purline , aa , H2O2
B Its importing are mediated only by PTS sequences
C Only com(酶) is needed during its importing
D Lack of these protein can cause cardiovascular disease
2 . Zellweger syndrome is caused by ( C )
A Tissues can not synthesizes cytoplasmic enzymes
B Abnormal metabolism of heme
C major finding is involved in nerologic impairments
D Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in export of peroxisomal proteins

3 . About chaperones ( A )
A are proteins that prevent faulty folding and unproductive interactions of other proteins
B possess ATPase activity
C BiP is a type of chaperones , cehich can bind normal immunologic
D PPI is a type of dehydrogenase

4 . Which of the steps are the target point that Brefeldin A inhibits the coating process
A Aeylation of coated vesicles
B Targeting of coated vesicle
C Activation of ARE
D Inhibits activity of ATPase
E It blocks the biosynthesis of Rab

5 . The proteins involved in the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane of neurons included ( B )
A COM B synaptobrevin C TIM D PPI E None

6 . Mitochondrial (mt) genome encodes ( D )
A 7 proteins B 9 proteins C 11 proteins D 13 proteins

7 . Mt-Hsp 70 ensure ( D )
A Translocase-of the-outer membrane
B Translocase-of the-inner membrane
C split of the presequence of the protein
D Import into matrix and correct folding

8 . Select the correct answer for protein translocation ( B )
A Importins help proteins translocation via simple diffusion
B NPC is essential structure for the proteins translocation
C Nuclear localization signal is need for correct folding of proteins
D About exportins exposed protein without special export signals

9 . What is true about Ran ( C )
A A gene express some kinds of proteins
B Small dimeric nuclear GTAase
C Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors
D Ran-GDP favor in nucleus , Ran-GTP favor in cytoplasm
E It is also definited as ARF

10 Only one answer is correct for the description of chaprones , please select it (D)
A chaprones is the proteins that involved protein destination
B most chaprones process nucleotidase activity
C immunolobing heavy chain binding protein bind its corresponding antigen correctly
D calnexin is one of type of chaprones that binds glycoprotein on ER and folds it properly

11 . Non-clathrin-coated vesicles initiates by ( E )
A Activation of ATPase
B Acyl-CoA
C Hydrolysis of ATP
D Binding of v-SNAREs
E ARF

12 . NEM (N-ethylmaleimade) can inhibits vesicle fusion , because it can ( E )
A Activate ATPase
B inhibit hydrolysis of GTP
C block bud formation
D interfere the uncoating process
E block hydrolysis of ATP

13 . Brefeldin A can inhibits vesicle fusion , because it ( C )
A resemble the structure of myristic acid
B interfere the function of COP1
C prevents GTP from binding to ARF
D promotes the degradation of GTP-￥-S
E none of above all

14 . Clathrin-containing vesicles involved in ( C )
A Transport from the cis-Golgi network to pre-lysosomes
B Transport from the ER network to pre-lysosomes
C transport from the trans-Golgi network to pre-lysosomes
D transport from the SR network to pre-lysosomes
E none of above all

15 . Botulinum B provokes severe problem , because it ( D )
A inhibits enzyme activities
B inhibits the release of GABA
C cleaves COP1
D inhibits release of acetylcholine
E none of above all

Ⅲ . Gives the definition accurately for the following specialized terms.
1. TOM : Translocase of the outer membrane
2. TIM : Translocase of the inner membrane
3. COP1 vesicle : involved in bidirectional transport from the ER to the Golgi and in the reverse direction
4. COPⅡ : involved in transport in the transport from the ER to Golgi
5. v-SNAREs: Vesicle targeting proteins that tag the vesicle during its budding , v-SNAREs pair with cognate t-SNAREs in the target membrane to dock the vesicle

第一块大题

1 . In the presence of Mg2+ , G-actin polymerizes to form insoluble double helical filament called F-actin .

2 . Limited digestion of myosin with proteases produce two parts , ie ,
light meromyosin (LMM) , &heavy meromyosin (HMM)with ATPase activity .

3 . Troponin consists of three polypeptides , i.e , troponin T(TpT) , Ⅰ(TpⅠ) , C (TpC) , TpT Binds to tropomyosin and TpI , TpC , TpT inhibits the F-actin-myosin interaction TpC . Has calcium binding property , which is similar to calmodulin .

4 . The concentration of Ca2+ in resting muscle sarcoplasm is about 10-8 to 10-7mol/L , which maintained by Ca2+ ATPase .

5 . Mutation in the gene encoding the Ca2+ release channel are one cause of human malignant hyperthermia .

6 . Titin acts a template for insertion of other accessory A-band protein and regulates resting tension . The phosphorylation of titin leads to control its insertion into its correct position .

7 . Dystrophin involved in attachment to the plasmalemma .Some dilated cardiomyopathy are caused by the mutation in its gene .

8 . Disorders of cardiac energy metabolism can be provoked by mutation in genes encoding fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation .

9 . Phosphorylation of myosin Light chains initiate contraction of smooth muscle . Myosin light chain kinase is activated by calmodulin-4Ca2+ and then phosphorylates the light chain .

10 . The sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle contains large stores of glycogen, located in granules .

Ⅱ. Choices
1. Which of the following segments possess ATPase activity (B)
A. F-actin
B. Myosins
C. Light meromyosin (LMM)
D. Tropomyosins
E. Troponin

2. Which of following descriptions are true about Troponin (C)
A. Consists of two subunits
B. Myosin can bind to tropomyosin and Tpl, TpC
C. One of subunits can inhibits the F-actin-myosin interaction
D. Tpl is similar to calmodulin
E. Consists of four subunits

3. Select the correct answer (C)
A. Ryanodine receptor is located on the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum and is also called voltage-gated calcium channel
B. Ryanodine receptor is one type of voltage-gated sodium channel
C. Ryanodine receptor’s function did not depend on the existence of extracellular calcium in skeletal muscle
D. Ryanodine receptor can pump to cytosol

4. Release of EDRF can lead to (B)
A. Constriction of smooth muscle
B .Relax of smooth muscle
C. React with adenylyl cyclase
D. Release of acetylcholine
E. None of all above

5. For regarding to actin, we can say (E)
A. Unsoluble G-actin can be form from soluble F-actin in the absence of
B. Unsoluble G-actin can be form from soluble F-actin in the absence of sodium
C. Unsoluble F-actin can be form from soluble G-actin in the presence of calcium
D. Unsoluble F-actin can be form from soluble G-actin in the presence of chlorium
E. Unsoluble F-actin can be form from soluble G-actin in the presence of

6. Limited digestion of myosin produces (D)
A. Light meromyosin with ATPase activity
B. Heavy meromyosin without ATPase activity
C. Light meromyosin can bind to F-actin
D .Heavy meromyosin (HMM) with ATPase activity and binds to F-actin
E. None of above all

7. The concentration of Ca2+ resting muscle sarcoplasm is about (D)
A. to mol/L
B. to mol/L
C.to mol/L
D. to mol/L
E. to mol/L

8. Intracelluar Ca2+ in skeletal muscle is mainly derived from calcium pool, i.e. from (D)
A. Microsome
B. Golgi’s apparatus
C. Extracellular source
D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. Endoplasmic reticulum

9. Central core disease is caused by (D)
A. Mutation in the SERCA gene
B. Mutation in the RYR2 gene
C. Mutation in the mitochondrial gene
D .Mutation in the RYR1
E. None of above all

10. Cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle in (D)
A. Muscle possesses intrinsic rhythmicity
B. Cardiac muscle is much more depending intracellular supply of Ca2+
C. Cardiac muscle can contract without extracellular Ca2+
D. Skeletal muscle can contract without extracellular Ca2+
E.

11. Digitalis can treat heart failure, the reason is (C)
A. Activates sarcolemmal - ATPase
B. Activates RYR1 receptor
C. Inhibits sarcolemmal - ATPase
D. Inhibits RYR1 receptor
E. None of above all

12. Which gene mutation is one cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (D)
A. Actin gene
B. BIP gene
C. Ran gene
D. -myosin heavy chain gene
E. none of above all

13. Caldesmon can (B)
A. Regulates cardiac contraction
B. Binds with calmodulin-, leads to constriction of smooth muscle
C. Regulate the level of intracellular calcium
D. Binds to SERCA and activates it
E. None of above all

14. For regarding to L-type channels, what is true for follow items (B)
A. It differ from dihydropyridine receptor
B. cAMP stimulates it
C. cAMP inhibits it
D. cGMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates it
E. None of above all

15. -Adrenergic stimulation relaxes smooth muscle, because (A)
A. It can activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase
B. It can lead to phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase
C. Increases affinity for calmodulin-
D. Increase concentration of calcium
E. None of above all

Ⅲ. Gives the definition accurately for the following specialized terms
1. Tropomyosin 2. Troponin 3. Malignant hyperthermia
4. Titin 5. Dystrophin

第二块大题

1. Hormones that bind to intracellular receptors include androgens, calcitriol , estrogens, glucocorticoids . mineralocorticoids, progestin,retinoic acid, thyroid hormones

2. Tyrosine hydroxylase is rate-limiting for catecholamine biosynthesis.

3. Dopamine β-hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine.

4.Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes the production of epinephrine.

5. Thyroid hormones are transported by thyroid-binding globulin.

6. ATP molecule is catalyzed by adenylate cyclase(AC) to generate cAMP ,which can activate pkA and then phosphorylate other proteins

7. PhospholipaseC(PLC) catalyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate(PIP2) to produce DAG and IP3, which are second messengers.

1.In the O-glycosylation reaction, cell apparatus golgi apparatus plays a major role.

2.In the N-glycosylation reaction, cell apparatus endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus play amajor role.

3.In biosynthesis of N-linked glycoprotein, oligosaccharide P-P-dolichol is the oligosaccharide carrier which synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum.

4.In the O-linked oligosaccharide, GalNAc-Ser(Thr) is the predominant linkage.

5. Glycosylation site of N-linked oligosaccharide is Asn-X-Ser/Thr.

6. Parts of protein and oligosaccharide are linked through O-glycosidic linkage formed by the hydroxyl side of serine or threonine and sugar such as N-accetylgalactosamine.

7.In O-glycosylation the sugars are provided by the appropriate nucleotide-sugar.

8.There are three major classes of N-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins .They have the same pentasaccharide core.

9.Mutation in GlcNAc phosphotransferase gene can result in I-cell disease.

10. O-glycosylation process adopts a stepwise manner.

1.Ehlers-Danlors syndrome associate with impaired synthesis of collagen.
2.Glycosaminoglycan is an unbranched polysaccharide made up of repeating
disaccardies ,one component of which is always an amino sugar ,the other component of it is always uronic acid.

3.All collagen contain greater or lesser stretches of triple helix and repeating (Gly-X-Y)n sequence.

4.Proteglycans are proteins that contain covalently linked glycosaminoglycans.

5.Genetic deficiencie of lysosomal hydrolases result in mucopolysaccharidoses.
6.Scurvy is a disease associated with impaired synthesis of collagen.

7.Hydroxylation of praline residue is catalyzed by the enzyme prolylhydroxylase, whose cofactors are ascorbic acid and α-ketoglutarate.

8.In sulfation, sulfate donor is PAPS.

9.Nucleotide sugars are the donors of sugar in the synthesis of GAGs.

10.Epimerization of GlcUA to IdUA residues is catalyzed by the enzyme epimerase.

1.The purpose of metabolism of xenobiotics is to increase the water solubility of compounds.

2.Xenobiotics are chemical compounds foreign to the body, such as drugs, food additives, and environmental pollutants.

3.Xenobiotics are metabolized in two phase. The major reaction of phaseⅠis hydroxylation, the reaction of phase Ⅱis conjugation reaction.

4.The hydroxylation of phaseⅠis catalyzed by a variety of cytochrome P450 which also known as monooxygenase.

5.Glutathione is a tripeptide consisting of three amino acids.

HGP
1.The Human Genome Project (HGP) has a variety of goals, which started in 1990, is an international effort whose principal goals were to sequence the entire human genome and the genomes of several other model organisms. Most of these goals have been accomplished.
2.Initially, a number of short term goals were established for the United States effort—eg, producing a human genetic map with markers 2-5 centi-morgans (cM) apart and constructing a physical map of all 24 human chromosomes (22 autosomal plus X and Y ) wi