lesson 6 The sporting spirit.doc

The sporting spirit
            体育的精神
第一句：
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
一、重要的单词解释。
Amaze:吃惊。
Goodwill:良好的愿望、友善。
Common people：一般人、普通人。
Cricket：板球。
二、句子结构分析。
When引导了一个大的时间状语从句（后面的都是），修饰amazed。
两个that都引导宾语从句，都是saying的宾语，表示人们谈论的内容。
三、参考译文：
人们谈论体育运动可以创造国家之间的友善，各国民众如果在足球场或板球场上相遇，就不会在战场上厮杀，每当我听到这些事的时候，总是非常吃惊。

第二句：
Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
一、重要的单词解释。
Contest:竞赛、比赛。
Orgy：狂欢的聚会。
二、句子结构分析。
两个one指的都是某个人。
From concrete examples从具体的实例中。做know 的状语。
That引导的从句作know的宾语。
三、参考译文：
一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如，1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际体育比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，他也可以从常理中推理出结论。

第三句：
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
一、重要的单词解释。
Competitive：竞争性的。
Little：很少的。
Utmost：极度的、最大的。
二、句子结构分析。
Unless连接了两个子句，表示除非怎么样否则怎么样。本句表示除非你拼尽全力去赢得比赛，否则比赛就没有多少意义。
三、参考译文：
现在的体育比赛几乎都是竞争性的。你参赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有多少意义了。

第四句
On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as  the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.
一、重要的单词解释。
Green：做名词，绿色的草地。
Sides：指比赛的各方。
Prestige：威信、威望。
Combative：好斗的。
As soon as:在这里相当于when。
Where:指代前面的green.
二、句子结构分析。
两个As soon as从句，表示当什么什么的时候。
三、参考译文：
在乡村的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，而且也不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一旦涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性就会被激发出来。

第五句：
Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.
一、重要的单词解释。
Frankly：直率地、坦诚地。
二、句子结构分析。
Who从句做anyone的定语。
三、参考译文：
任何人即便是参加学校的足球比赛也会有这种体会。在国际比赛中，体育完全是一场模拟战争。

第六句：
But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

一、重要的单词解释。
Spectators：旁观者、观众。
Furies：狂暴、激烈。
Absurd：荒谬的。
二、句子结构分析。
Not…but…不是…而是。这是英语的固定用法。
Who从句做nations的定语。
三、参考译文：
但是，重要的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及在观众身后的那些国家，他们对这些荒唐的比赛如痴如狂，并且严肃地相信 -- 至少在短期内 – 那些跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个国家素质的检验。

完整的参考译文：
人们谈论体育运动可以创造国家之间的友善，各国民众如果在足球场或板球场上相遇，就不会在战场上厮杀，每当我听到这些事的时候，总是非常吃惊。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如，1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际体育比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，他也可以从常理中推理出结论。
现在的体育比赛几乎都是竞争性的。你参赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有多少意义了。在乡村的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，而且也不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一旦涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性就会被激发出来。任何人即便是参加学校的足球比赛也会有这种体会。在国际比赛中，体育完全是一场模拟战争。但是，重要的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及在观众身后的那些国家，他们对这些荒唐的比赛如痴如狂，并且严肃地相信 -- 至少在短期内 – 那些跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个国家素质的检验。

Lesson6
People are always talking about' the problem of youth '. If there is one-which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings--people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.
I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in violent an lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill- mannered, presumptuous of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect for elders--as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.