m7u4讲学稿.doc

M7U4一轮复习讲学稿

一． 语篇复习
Reading:
The London Underground has the 1 of being the oldest and most complex underground 2
in the world. During the first half of the 19th century, more and more buses were needed to transport people to the city center, which3 off traffic on the road. The problem with traffic led to the development of the underground system.

In 1863, the first tunnels were opened between King’s Cross, St Pancras, Euton, Paddington and the center of London by the Metropolitan Railway Company in 1863.But passengers were transported in carriage without windows, which were4 through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engines.

In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called Metropolitan District Railway. Sixteen years later, the two companies 5 up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. This later became the Circle Line.

As more 6 ways of digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884. The new ways of digging 7 the pace of the London Underground’s development and over the next 25 years, 6 independent deep underground lines were made. But those lines were separately owned and many were far from each other.

Having seen that, an American business, Charles Yerkes, tried to 8 the system by buying different lines and 9 up the Underground Group. In 1933, the Underground, the Metropolitan Line and all different lines were placed under the 10 of the London Passenger Transport Board.

During the World War II, when London was bombed, the underground system had some unusual uses. For instance, bomb11 , the aero plane factory, the anti-aircraft center, meeting rooms for government administration.

After World War II, more and more people traveled on the underground, so more lines were added, which helped make the system more 12 In 1979, the last line 13 was Jubilee Line to 14 the twenty-fifth anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II’s crowning.

Nowadays, the network of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty=six miles out of central London. So you’d better take a trip on the oldest underground system in London. Buy one of the travel cards, and it will 15 you to travel all over the underground system.

Project
Main idea
The number of road accidents and the deaths ___________from those accidents has increased over the past year. Drivers of vehicles as well as __________and pedestrians must be aware of the major causes of traffic accidents to _______them.
Causes about drivers
Drivers not paying attention
Drivers getting __________in a traffic jam
Drivers speaking on mobile phones
Drinking and driving
Drivers___________
Causes about cyclists and _______
Cyclists not paying attention
Riding bicycles on the_________
Cyclists carrying a passenger
Bicycles in need of _____
Pedestrians crossing the road in the wrong way
_____________traffic lights
Conclusion
It’s up to all of us road users to make sure that we _______accidents by paying attention to road safety.

二．单词复习
1. postpone vt. 延迟，延期=(delay, put off)
推迟做某事_____________, _________________, ______________
将某事推迟至…postpone sth until sth
We have__________________(推迟举办) the sports meet_____ the following Saturday because of the bad weather.
* delay既可作动词，也可作名词，有“使耽搁、延误”的含义。
Don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

2. undertake vt.承担；着手；确保 （pt. _______________ pp.______________）
undertake sth.承担某事；着手某事
undertake to do 确保做某事，保证做某事
undertake that...保证，确保
undertake to be...担当……
他欣然承担了那项艰难的任务。
他答应在周五前完成那项工作。
He undertook to finish the work by Friday.
＝He undertook that
As we are very busy these days，we might________this urgent work for the time being.
A．undertake B．agree C．undergo D．change
The old man ________ our guide.
A．acted B．undertook as C．undertook to be D．worked

3. authority n．权威，权力；官方，当权者；批准，授权
经。。。批准/授权
有权管理，做……的权威
be in authority
是…方面的权威
the authorities concerned 有关当局
Teachers should their students. 老师应该在学生面前有权威。
He is French literature. 他在法国文学方面是一个权威人士。
A good dictionary is a (an)________on the meanings of words.
A．right B．way C．author D．authority

4. violate vt. 违反，违背 n. ____________
They were ________ ________ __________ (因违反….而被控告) federal law.
The doctor has been ______ _______ _____（因违背职业道德而被指控） professional ethics.
守时是本次比赛的要求，如果你违反了，将会受到惩罚。

5. arise vi. 出现，产生
=result from… 由…引起、产生
导致某种结果有result in, give rise to
His fear ignorance.他的恐惧是由于无知
Notes: arise, arouse, rise, raise
arise vi. （pt. _______ pp._________）表示“出现，发生，升起，起来，”其主语大都是抽象名词；
arouse vt. & vi. （pt. _______ pp._________）激起（兴趣），唤醒（某人的情感）
rise vi. （pt. _______ pp._________）升起；上升 主语可以是抽象名词或具体名词，常用于日，月，云雾，烟，水蒸气，气温，物价，生病时的体温，水位，人的职位等
raise vt. （pt. _______ pp._________）举起，升起；抚养，饲养，提出；筹集

Their breakup from their lack of communication.
Her temperature is still .她的体温还在上升。
Let’s glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.让我们为两国人民的友谊干杯。
The sun   at seven o’clock. 太阳七点钟升起
They are talking about problems   out of the lack of communication.     
他们正在谈论由于缺乏交流而产生的问题。
The lecture my interest. 报告引起了我的兴趣。
He fell into a sound sleep, don't   him. 他睡熟了，别唤醒他。
A completely new situation will________when the examination system comes into existence.
A．arise B．rise C．raise D．arouse

6. choke v．窒息 哽住 是呼吸困难，阻塞
choke sth (up) (with sth) 阻塞，堵塞（通道、空间等）The road is choked up with traffic.
be choked with traffic交通阻塞；
choke off 使。。。中断
choke with sth (感情激动)说不出话来
choke (up) 因激动而哽咽；
choke sth back 强忍住
choke down 硬咽（食物……）
choke on sth 窒息The 4-year-old child choked to death on a fish bone.

The increasing number of cars on the road________traffic.This was the reason why we couldn’t get here on time.
A．choked back B．choked down C．choked off D．choked up
我设法强忍愤怒/泪水
The smoke almost choked me.烟把我呛得几乎透不过气来。
Despair choked her words.
She when recalling her mother.

三．词组复习
1. drop off（一个个）散去；走掉；让某人下车；下车
We ____ _________ _______ _____ (放下我们的行李) at the hotel and went sightseeing.
The demand for mobile phones shows no signs of dropping off.
drop in drop sb. a line 写短信寄给某人
drop behind 落后 drop out 中途放弃
drop out (of) 退出，脱落；退学drop into the habit of …不知不觉中养成…的习惯
I’ll       at your place when I pass by. —Thanks a lot.
A. drop you off  B. drop in you C. drop across you  D. drop you out
I dropped       an old friend of mine at the airport.
A. away  B. across C. in  D. out of

2. pick up捡起；用车接…；学到，得到；好转，改进；使重新开始，继续；接受节目
根据英文写成pick up 的中文意思
Whose turn is it to pick the children up after school? ___________
I picked up the kids' clothes that were lying on the floor. ___________
I went to pick up the phone/receiver, but it had stopped ringing. ___________
My radio can pick up France.______________
I went to pick up the phone/receiver, but it had stopped. _____________
The nurse had picked up the information from a conversation she overheard. ______________
高考链接
He ______ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
A. made out B. picked up C. gave up D. took in

3. make out理解，了解；辨认出；填写；说明
I can’t make out the meaning of this passage. _____________
I can’t make out his handwriting. _____________
make for 走向 make the most of _____________
make up 弥补，化妆，组成，虚构 _____________有意义，讲得通
This passage puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to __________
A make it out B make it up C make it for D make it over

4. accelerate（= ） the pace of 加快步伐
I accelerated to overtake the bus. ______________________
A driver ______ his car when he makes it go faster or increased its speed.
A. modifies B. duplicates C. accelerates D stimulates
pace n./v.
keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱 at a steady pace
set the pace领先 a slow/fast pace
Pace the floor_________________ pace up and down_______________
When she thought she heard someone following her, she quickened her pace.
_________________________________________________________________
Many people complain of rapid ______ of modern life.
A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth

5. at… intervals每隔。。。距离或时间
He comes back to see us 她每隔一段时间就回来看看我们。
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ___________the audience can buy ice cream.
A. when B. where C. that D which

6. put through接通电话；使经历
Your call has to the manager.
You have put your family through a lot recently.
put away 收好 put aside put down 镇压，拒绝 put forward提出
Put 生产，熄灭 put up张贴，建立，投宿

7. in good condition处于良好状况
状况不佳可以用
表示人健康状况不佳可用out of condition。Health condition 意为健康状况
在表示状态，状况时condition 是不可数名词。
The road is ________ _________ _________ after the heavy rain.
下了这场大雨后，道路处于不佳的状态。
condition 在指环境，情况时，常指一般的，笼统的概念，为可数名词。
He was brought up in/ under difficult conditions. _________________________。
在指条件讲时，也是可数名词
Ability and effort are __________ ___________ __________.才智和努力是成功的条件。
知识拓展：on condition that 条件是……., 相当于as long as
I will come _______ ________ ________ my parents are invited, too.
在我父母也受到邀请的条件下，我才会来。
All the cups they ordered on the Internet have arrived _______. (2011 济南模拟)
A in good condition B in a good condition
C on good condition D at a good condition
Notes: state, situation
state　指"人或物存在或所处的状态",多强调个人的某种身心状态
　　He is in a good state.　　
situation 指"多种具体情况造 成的综合状态", 常着重"这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的关系", 如:
　　We are 　　我们处于困境。
situation 情形, 境遇, 局势, 多强调国际局势（大环境）
1.She is in a good of mind.
2.He is in no to travel.
3.At that time, the whole country was in a of war.
4.Now we are studying international
5.The of his health prevented him from working.

8. an invitation to 是。。。的诱因
(1)n.怂恿，引诱(＋to)
These attractive displays of goods in shops are 　theft.商店里的这些诱人的商品摆设会招致盗窃。
(2)n.邀请，请柬
I 　from my friend to his birthday party.
invite vt.邀请；(礼貌地)请求，要求；引诱，招致，鼓励，怂恿
Unless________to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited
That a 16yearold girl wander at midnight in the street will surely________trouble.
A．attract B．invite C．draw D．request

四．句型复习
1．However，most trains into London only went to the distant boundary of the city because building railway racks into the city 　many old buildings. (P50)但是大部分通往伦敦的火车只到达伦敦城的远郊，因为在市区内修建铁路会损害许多古建筑物。
此句为含蓄虚拟语气，相当于 if railway tracks had been built into the city, it would have damaged many old buildings.
would have done是虚拟语气的表达形式之一。用来表示过去事实上并没有发生的事情。
与过去事实上相反的假设
从句：If+主语+had+动词的过去分词+……
主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+have+动词的过去分词+…… eg.
如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
1. If you ______ ________ C _______ last term, you _____ ______ ______ exam.
如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会通不过考试了。
2. If you ______ ________ my advice, you ______ ________ ________ in the exam.
含蓄虚拟语气通常用以下几种形式来提供假设条件：用but for, without, otherwise, or 来引导
_____ _____ your timely help, I would have fallen behind the schedule.要不是你的及时帮忙。
小结：if 条件句虚拟语气

从句
主句
与过去相反

与现在相反

与将来相反

情态动词+ have done 是高考考查的重点，有的表示推测; 有的表示虚拟。写出下列结果的意思。
must have done ___________________________ can not have done ____________________
may/might have done ______________________ should have done ____________________
would have done __________________________ could have done ____________________\
need have done ____________________________
eg. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ______________________ it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed

2．_____ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(在于我们所有的道路使用者) to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. (P63)确保通过注意道路安全来避免事故，是我们所有的道理使用者的职责。
It is up to us all to keep our school clean. 保持校园整洁人人有责。
up to 的用法
1. 到（某个数量）______ _______ ten people can sit here. 这儿最多能坐10人。
2. 直到….的时候 He was just here ______ _____ 10 minutes ago。10分钟之前他还在这里。
3. 有资格做 up to doing You should be confident! You are certainly ___ ____ ____ the job.
你应该有自信！你当然能胜任那份工作。
4. 该由…..负责,取决于某人。
---- Shall we go to the exhibition?
-----___________.
A It’s your opinion B I don’t mind C It’s up to you D That’s your decision

3. Why do you think people would choose to travel by airplane by ship? (Page 49)
(1) do you think/ know/ suppose/ believe/ suggest等
常用于特殊疑问句中作插入语，可位于句中或句末，但不能位于句首。当这种插入语位于句中时，它后面的部分用 ；当位于句末时，主句仍用疑问句语序。
①Who do you think he referred to?
=Who did he refer to, do you think?
(2) rather than 而不是（相当于instead of）
I was rather surprised than frightened.
I like coffee rather than tea. 与其说…倒不如说…
would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做…而不愿做…=prefer to do sth rather than do sth
or rather 更确切地说 other than 除了…之外
1. What do you think ______ to make himself______?
A. Bob will say; believe B. will Bob say; believed
C. Bob will say; believed D. will Bob say; believe
2. —Do you mind if I open the window?
—______ . I feel a bit cold.
A. Of course not B. I’d rather you didn’t C. Go ahead D. Why not?

4. They have done so people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars. (Page 57) 怀着…的希望
People collected money for the Hope Project 或 that more children dropping from school could come back for schooling.
hope for sth 希望（得到东西）
希望如此/不是这样
hope to do sth 希望做某事
It is beyond one’s hope.
There is no/little/much hope of…/that…没有/很大希望
1. We returned to the park where we had played         finding her wallet.
A. in hope of       B. in hoping of C. in the hope that      D. in the hope of
2. He came to see me           I would h