词汇第五单元.doc

第五单元 第一课时 知识点（ppt）

类别 新课程标准所要求的项目
词汇 erupt，compare，alongside，appoint，evaluate，wave，absolute，suit，potential，actual，precious，unconscious，shoot，vary，appreciation，guarantee
burn to the ground，in the distance，make one's way，glance through，give birth to
语法 Revise the ­ing form(复习­ing形式)
重点单词
1． erupt (v.)
(1)(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
An active volcano may erupt at any time.
活火山随时可能喷发。
(2)～(into sth) 突然发生；爆发
Violence has erupted on the streets.
大街上突然发生了暴乱。
(3)～(in/into sth) 突然发出(尤指叫喊)
My neighbor erupted in anger over the noise.
噪声使我的邻居勃然大怒。
【知识拓展】
eruption [C & U] 爆发
①A few days later, Vesuvius was in violent eruption.
几天以后，维苏威火山猛烈爆发了。
②Signs of dangerous social eruption, actually were few.
具有危险性的社会骚动迹象是很少的。
【知识运用】
(1)No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will________.
A．crack　　　　 B．break
C．erupt D．pour
答案：C　本题题意：谁也不知道埋在现代社会下的社会火山何时爆发。erupt表示“突然发生；爆发”。
(2)The wisdom of Chinese people will________like a volcano.
A．break B．rush
C．pour D．erupt
答案：D　本题题意：中国人的智慧就会像火山一样释放出来。erupt表示“(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出”。
2．compare (v.)
1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours.
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
2)～with/to sb/sth 与……类似(或相似)
This school compares with the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
【知识拓展】
1)compare notes(with sb)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co­workers about the job.
他现在就工作问题与同事交换意见。
2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare.
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate.
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。
【词语辨析】
compare, contrast
这两个动词均含“比较”之意。
1)compare侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
2)contrast指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。
【知识运用】
(1)(2009重庆－ 25) Michael's new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
答案：D　本题题意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示“与…相比，”在句中担任状语。

(2)I________the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.
A．matched B．compared
C．met D．measured
答案：B　本题题意：我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。compare表示“比较；对比”。
(3)—She shouldn't have done that sort of thing.
—Whatever she did was reasonable，________to what you had done.
—Besides, it's none of your business. Get down to________your work.
A．comparing; doing B．comparing; do
C．compared; doing D．compared; do
答案：C　本题题意：“她本来不应该做那类事情。”“与你的所作所为相比，她无论干什么都是合理的。”“这件事与你无关。开始工作吧。” compared to/with表示“与…相比”，在句中担任状语。此外，get down to表示“开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事”，to为介词，后接名词或动名词担任宾语。
重点短语
Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.
然而，无论我们的力量有多弱小，我们却并非完全脆弱无力。
【知识剖析】
however在本句中，表示“无论到什么程度，不管多么”，与形容词或副词连用，引导让步状语从句。例如：
①She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is.
无论天气多么冷， 她都敞着卧室的窗户。
②However long a vacation is, I always feel I want a few days more.
无论假期有多长，我总觉得想再多几天休息休息。
③He will never pass the examinations, however hard he works.
无论他怎样努力，他永远无法通过考试。
④However tired you may be, you must do it today.
不管怎样累， 你也得今天做。
【知识拓展】
however的其他用法：
1)(conj.) 不管怎样；无论如何
①However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.
不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。
②Dress however you like.
你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。
2)(adv.) 然而；不过；仍然
①I'd like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。
②He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。
③However, I will do it in my own way.
可是，我将照我的方式去做。
3)(用以强调疑问词 how)(口语)到底[究竟] 如何
①However did you manage it?
这件事你究竟如何处理的？(表惊讶)
②However did you go yourself?
你一个人究竟是怎么去的？(表感动)

【知识运用】
(1)(2008上海－40)________well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A．However B．Whatever
C．No matter D．Although
答案：A　本题题意：在登山运动中，无论你准备得多充分，你仍然需要大量的运气。however与形容词或副词连用，表示“无论到什么程度；不管多么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how.
(2)(2008辽宁－28)________hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Wherever D．However
答案：D　本题题意：无论我饿得多厉害，我似乎从来没有吃完过一个大面包。however后接形容词或副词，引导让步状语从句。
(3)(2006陕西－20) This is a very interesting book. I'll buy it，________.
A．how much may it cost
B．no matter how it may cost
C．however much it may cost
D．how may it cost
答案：C　本题题意：这是一本非常有趣的书。无论花多少钱，我都要买。本题考查“however＋形容词或副词”引导让步状语从句的用法。选项B可以修改为：no matter how much it may cost.
(4)We have not yet won；________， we shall try again.
A．then B．instant
C．however D．but
答案：C　本题题意：我们还没有取胜， 不过我们还要再试一下。however 和but都表示转折关系；但however为连接性副词，用在句中时其前后通常都有标点符号“逗号”存在；或者是前面有分号，后面用逗号。

第二课时
Ⅰ.词汇
1．________ next to or at the side of sth
2．________ to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
3．________ a raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea, ocean, ect.
4．________ a set of clothes made of the same fabric, including a jacket and trousers/pants or a skirt
5．________ a mountain with a large hole at the top, through which hot rocks and ash sometimes rise into the air from inside the earth
6．________ all the special tools, machines, clothes etc. that you need for a particular activity
7．________ a structure from which water is sent up into the air, which is often in a small pool
8．________ complete or total
9．________ the possibility that something will develop in a certain way, or have a particular effect
10．________ real, especially as compared with what it is believed, expected or intended
答案：1.alongside　2.appoint　3.wave　4.suit　5.volcano 6．equipment　7.fountain　8.absolute　9.potential　10.actual
Ⅱ.短语
1．share sth ________ sb 与某人分享某物
2．compared ________ 和……比起来
3．be suitable ________ 适合……
4．make one's way ________ 前往……
5．be appointed ________ 被任命为……
6．burn ________ the ground 全部焚毁
7．as ________ as 和……一样，除……以外还……
8．protect... ________ 保护……免受……
9．________ the distance 在远方
10．be enthusiastic ________ sth/sb. 对某物/人充满热情
答案：1.with　2.with/to　3.for　4.to　5.as　6.to　7.well 8．from　9.in　10.about/over

Ⅲ.语篇导读
请根据课文内容，填充表格。
The writer's job Travel to unusual places and work __1__ people from all over the world.
Help protect ordinary people from the __2__.
Collect information for a __3__ about Mount Kilauea. Help other scientists to __4__ where lava will flow next and how fast.
The first
experience The day of the __5__ My bed began __6__ and I heard a strange sound.
My bedroom became as __7__ as day.
Red hot lava __8__ hundreds of metres into the air.
The day after the eruption Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the __9__ that had been formed during the eruption.
We slowly made our __10__ to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.

重点单词
1．alongside(prep. & adv)
1)在……旁边；沿着……的边
①The rain ran in shallow runnels alongside the path.
雨水流进路边的小河沟里。
②The police car pulled up alongside.
那辆警车在旁边停下。
2)与……一起；与……同时
①If you stay alongside of me, you won't get hurt.
你若在我身边，就不会受伤害。
②Nick caught up with me and rode alongside.
尼克赶上了我，并排驾车行驶。
【知识运用】
(1)She walked________Jack until they came to Thirty­nine street.
A．along　　　 B．alongside
C．besides D．next
答案：B　本题题意：她轻快地走在杰克身边，一直走到第三十九条街。alongside表示“在…旁边”。
(2)Pulled by the jeep, he ran________for a few paces, his feet hardly touching the ground.
A．alongside B．through
C．down D．beneath
答案：A　本题题意：他被车拖着，脚不沾地地向前跑了几步。在介词用法里alongside 后可以选择性地跟 of.
2．appoint (v.)
1)～sb(to sth)|～sb(as sth) 任命；委任
①We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
②He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克市的代理人。
2)安排，确定(时间、地点)
①They appointed a place to exchange stamps.
他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
②They appointed ten o'clock as the time for the conference.
他们将会议时间定在十时。
【知识拓展】
appointment (n.)
1)[C]～(with sb) 约会；预约；约定
I have an appointment with them in the evening.
今晚我与他们有个约会。
2)[C&U]～(as/to sth) 任命；委任
The appointment of a new judge was reported in the newspaper.
报上报导了任命一位新法官的消息。
【知识运用】
(1)The time________for the meeting was ten o'clock.
A．elected B．appointed
C．voted D．assigned
答案：B　本题题意：约定的开会时间是十点。appoint表示“安排，确定(时间、地点)”，过去分词短语appointed for the meeting担任后置定语，修饰名词time.
(2)They appointed him________captain of the English team.
A．for B．with
C．on D．as
答案：D　本题题意：他们任命他为英格兰队队长。appoint sb as/to be...表示“任命某人为……”。
3．evaluate (v.) 估值；评价；评估
①I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
我没有看到他的工作情况， 无法评论他的能力。
②We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。
【词语辨析】
evaluate, estimate, value, rate
这些动词均有“估价，估计”之意。
1)evaluate指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。
The study will assist in evaluating the impact of recent changes.
这项研究将有助于评价近来发生的变化所产生的影响。
2)estimate通常指由个人作出的主观估价。
Can you estimate its length/how long it is?
你能估计其长度吗？
【知识运用】
采用evaluate, estimate, value或rate的适当形式填空：
①The gardener________that it would take him four hours to weed the garden.
②The hotel，________four star, had no hot water and no sink plugs.
③The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to________its success.
④The company has recently been________at $6 billion.
答案：
①estimated　译文： 园丁估计他给花园除草需要四个小时。
②rated　译文： 这家被评为四星级的宾馆没有热水和浴缸塞子。
③evaluate　译文： 这个研究项目进行了不过三个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
④valued　译文： 那家公司最近被估价60亿元。
4．wave
1)n.
(1)[C] 海浪；波浪；波涛
Huge waves were breaking on the shore.
巨浪拍打着海岸。
(2)[C] 汹涌的行动(或思想)态势；心潮；风潮
A wave of panic spread through the crowd.
一阵恐慌传遍了人群。
(3)[C] 挥臂；挥手；招手；摆手
She gave a wave as she left the house.
她离开家时挥了挥手。
(4)涌现的人(或事物)；涌动的人(或物)
It was not long before their peace was disturbed by the next wave of visitors.
他们还没消停多久就又来了一批来访者。
2)v.
(1)～(at/to sb)|～sth (at sb)|～sth (about/around) 挥手；招手；摆手；挥臂
He waved(to us)when he saw us.
他看见我们时(向我们)挥了挥手。
(2)挥手指引，挥手示意(方向)
She waved vaguely in the direction of the house.
她含糊地朝房子的方向挥了挥手。
(3)挥动，挥舞(手中之物)
He came out waving the document at the crowd.
他出来时向人群挥舞着文件。
(4)(一端固定地)飘扬，飘动，摇晃，起伏
The flag waved in the wind.
旗帜在风中飘扬。
【知识运用】
(1)I felt so close to him and felt a________of emotion pass over me as I hugged him.
A．series B．chain
C．consequence D．wave
答案：D　本题题意：此刻，我感到心与他贴得多么近呀，拥抱他时，我感觉到情感在我身上流过。wave表示“汹涌的行动(或思想)态势；心潮；风潮”。
(2)They________hats and handkerchiefs in welcome to the returning hero.
A．pulled B．threw
C．waved D．picked
答案：C　本题题意：他们挥动帽子和手帕欢迎凯旋归来的英雄。wave表示“挥动，挥舞(手中之物)”。
5．absolute (adj.)
1)完全的；全部的；绝对的
His story was an absolute lie.
他的所述是十足的谎言。
2)(口语中尤用以强调)地道的；确实的；无疑的
There's absolute rubbish on television tonight.
今晚的电视节目简直糟糕透顶。
3)肯定的；确实的；无疑的
The police have absolute proof of his guilt.
警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。
【知识拓展】
absolutely (adv.)
1)(强调真实无误) 绝对地；完全地
It's absolutely pouring down.
大雨真是倾盆而下。
2)(强调同意或允许)当然，对极了
—Don't you agree?
—Oh, absolutely!
“你同意吧？”“噢， 当然！”
3)～not(强调不同意或不允许)当然不；绝对不行
Absolutely not! Native speakers make a lot of grammar mistakes, especially if they come from a home where nonstandard English is spoken.
当然不是！他们同样犯很多错误，尤其是来自一个说不标准英语的家庭的人。

【知识运用】
(1)The people of our various nationalities enjoy the________equality before the law.
A．total B．essential
C．absolute D．thorough
答案：C　本题题意：我国各族人民在法律面前享有绝对的平等。absolute表示“完全的；全部的；绝对的”。
(2)I think the answer's right but I'm not________sure about it.
A．exactly B．absolutely
C．particularly D．specially
答案：B　本题题意：我认为这答案是正确的， 但是没有绝对的把握。absolutely表示“(强调真实无误) 绝对地；完全地”。

6．suit (v.)
1)对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意
Would Friday morning suit you?
星期五早上对你合适吗？
2)(尤指服装、颜色等)相配；合身
It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.
这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。
3)(通常用于否定句)适合；适宜；有利于
This climate doesn't suit me.
这种气候对我很不相宜。
【知识拓展】
1)suit sth to sth/sb 使适合(或适应)某事物(或某人)
He can suit his conversation to whoever he's with.
无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块儿。
2)be suited (to/for sb/sth)
①合适；适宜；适当
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
②般配的
He and his wife are well suited (to each other)．
他和妻子十分般配。
【词语辨析】
suit, fit, meet, satisfy
这些动词均有“适合；满足”之意。
1)suit 常用于指“适合；中意”，多指符合需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等，尤其用来指衣着的式样与人相配。
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
你要是想坐公共汽车去， 那对我很方便。
2)fit多用来指“大小、形状、位置等适合”，含有“吻合”的含义。
Her height fitted her for basketball.
她身材高适合打篮球。
3)meet指最低限度地达到预期的标准，或强调要达到这个标准的困难。
The firm has done its best to meet us on that point.
公司在那方面已尽了最大的努力来符合我们的要求。
4)satisfy指完全达到预定的条件、要求、标准或期望、心愿等。
She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college.
她已符合进入这所学院的条件。
【知识运用】
(1)(2008天津－13) Her shoes________her dress; they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．compare D．match
答案：D　本题题意：她的鞋子与衣服相匹配；整体效果非常好。match表示“与……相配；般配”。

(2)—How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?
—That________me fine.
A．fits B．meets
C．satisfies D．suits
答案：D　本题题意：“八点钟，电影院外见面如何？” “正合我心意” suit表示“对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意。”
7．potential
1)(adj.) 潜在的；可能的
①Every seed is a potential plant.
每粒种子都可能长成植物。
②The dispute has scared away potential investors.
这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
2)(n.)
(1)[U]～(for sth/for doing sth) 可能性；潜在性
She recognized the potential for error in the method being used.
她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。

(2)[U] 潜力；潜质
She has acting potential, but she needs training.
她有表演潜力，但需要训练。
【知识运用】
(1)These________effects must be monitored carefully.
A．buried B．likely
C．potential D．portable
答案：C　本题题意：这些潜在的影响必须仔细地加以研究。potential表示“潜在的；可能的”。
(2)Does this proud and historic little state really measure up to its________？
A．comfortable B．potential
C．possibility D．opportunity
答案：B　本题题意：这个自豪而具有历史意义的小州是否有真正无愧于自己的潜力？potential表示“潜力；潜质”。
2)(强调事情最重要的部分)真正的；……本身
①The wedding preparations take weeks but the actual ceremony takes less than an hour.
准备婚礼要几周，而婚礼仪式本身还不到一小时。
②It was they that were out of harmony with the actual world, not she.
和实际世界格格不入的，本是他们，不是她自己。
【词语辨析】
actual, real, true
这些形容词均有“真的，真实的，实在的”之意。
1)actual指事物的实际存在，并非出自主观臆造。
①What were his actual words?
他实际上是怎么说的？
②All actual objects are concrete.
一切实际存在的物体都是具体的。
2)real暗指某事物是真实的、货真价实的或表面看不出虚假的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的事物。
①This is a real experience, not a dream.
这是一次真实的经历， 并不是做梦。
②My mother showed real sympathy for my predicament.
妈妈对我所处的困难表示出真正的同情。
3)true暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致，口语中多用。
①Is it true you're getting married?
你要结婚是真的吗？
②Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.
标出下列说法是对还是错。
【知识运用】
(1)(2009安徽－24)—Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?
—________， I do. I think it's a great idea.
A．Really B．Obviously
C．Actually D．Generally
答案：C　本题题意：“你认为与自己的学生交朋友是个好主意吗？”“说实在地，我认为是个好主意。”actually表示“(礼貌地纠正他人)实际上，事实上”。
(2)采用actual, real或 true填空：
①The pickpocket was caught in the________commission of a crime.
②His dream will come________sooner or later.
③The TV play was based on________life.
④In the physical world, the________location of a thing is the means to finding it.
⑤Is this________leather or plastic?
⑥She is not the________owner of this house.
答案：
①actual　译文：这扒手是在一次作案时被当场捉住的。
②true　译文：他的理想迟早会实现。
③real　译文：那出电视剧是根据现实生活写成的。
④actual　译文：在物理世界里，事物的实际位置意味着找到它的手段。
⑤real　译文：这是真皮的还是塑料的？
⑥true　译文：她不是这所房子的真正所有人。
重点短语
1．burn to the ground烧光，烧成平地
①The building was burned to the ground.
该建筑物已全部焚毁。
②Seattle had a major fire nearly 100 years ago when