-中非贸易及经济关系(论文-memoire.doc

中非贸易和经济关系 38

摘要

在50年的外交关系,中国和非洲而言,双方的合作已达到一个新的阶段,尤其是经济合作正在不断提升深入。中国和非洲越来越多的经济合作获致双赢,它给双方的发展做出了重要贡献。近年来,中国和非洲国家保持密切的高层往来,这表明自愿中国和非洲领导人进一步加强友好合作,大力推进发展中非贸易和经济合作。在不久的将来,中国和非洲将从中获得更多的益处,相信中国和非洲彼此经济合作将会有一个美好的前景。本文从介绍中国和非洲的贸易和经济合作演化入手，然后对中国的非洲的贸易和经济合作面临的问题进行了分析。最后作者为中国的非洲的贸易和经济合作发展提出了建议。中国和非洲尽管有着不同的社会和经济发展条件和各自的发展要求，但是中国和非洲的贸易和经济合作是发展的主流，能够为双方带来巨大的利益。

关键词:双方的经济和贸易合作,中国,非洲。

Abstract

During the 50 years of diplomatic relationship between china and Africa, the cooperation of the two sides has reached a new step, especially the economic cooperation which is continually promoted in-depth. The increasing economic cooperation brings mutual benefits to both china and Africa. And it makes an important contribution to the development of the two of them. In recent years, china and Africa countries maintain close high-level exchanges, which indicated the willing of leaders of china and Africa to further enhance friendly cooperation and strongly push forward the development of China-Africa trade and economic cooperation. In the near future, both china and Africa will benefit more from each other, the Sino Africa economic cooperation will have a bright foreground. The paper will have a discussion about the Sino African trade and economic cooperation from the evolution of Sino Africa trade and economic relations, the Sino African different kinds of trade and economic cooperation, the problems that they faced.

Keywords: the economic and trade cooperation, China, Africa.

Directory

Background……………………………………………………………………………….5
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….6
1. Africa brief introduction……………………………………………………………….7
1-1Location………………………………………………………………………………7
1-2Climate …………………………………………………………………………........8
1-3Geographical regions and population………………………………………………...8
1-4Economy……………………………………………………………………………...9
1-4-1Industry………………………………………………………………………..........9
1-4-2Agriculture……………………………………………………………………....10
1-4-3Transportation……………………………………………………………….......10
1-4-5Natural resources ………………………………………………………………10
2. The historical evolution of Sino-African cooperation………………………………..11
3. The historical evolution of economic and trade relations between China and Africa.14
4. Overview of Sino-African economics cooperation…………………………………...15
4-1 Investment…………………………………………………………………………...20
The evolution of Chinese investment in Africa ……………………………………….20
4-2 Infrastructure ………………………………………………………………………..24
4-3 Financial flows by sector………………………………………………………….....25
4-3-1 Electricity………………………………………………………………………..25
4-3-2 Rail sector…………………………………………………………………….....26
4-3-3 Road sector………………………………………………………………………26
4-3-4 Telecommunications…………………………………………………………….26
4-3-5 Water and sanitation……………………………………………………………..27
4-4 Financial flows by country ………………………………………………………….27
4-4-1Nigeria……………………………………………………………………………27
4-4-2 Angola…………………………………………………………………………...28
4-4-3 Ethiopia………………………………………………………………….............28
4-4-4 Sudan………………………………………………………………………….....29
4-4-5 Chad……………………………………………………………………..............29
5. Chinese help in Africa…………………………………………………………….......29
5-1 improving medical and health conditions……………………………………….......29
5-2 Reducing Africa’s debts…………………………………………………………......30
5-3 Educational exchanges and cooperation………………………………….................30
5-4 Support and provide assistance to Africa…………………………………………...31
6. China-Africa economic and trade relations problems and challenges……………......31
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………34

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..36

Thanks…………………………………………………………………………................38

Background

China is the largest developing country and Africa, the continent with the largest concentration of developing countries. Their combined population accounts for of more than a third of the world population. The economic progress and social progress are to one another like a common task.

For many years, China and Africa have continued to develop fully the various complementarities of their resources and their economic structure in their respective development. In accordance with the principles of equality, efficiency, mutual benefit and common development, the two sides have strengthened their economic and trade cooperation to achieve mutual benefits. Experience has shown that economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa meet the common interests of both parties, allows Africa to achieve the Millennium Development Goals set by the UN, and contributes to the prosperity and progress Simultaneous China and Africa.

In the 1950s, the economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa was based on trade and aid to Africa. Through joint efforts, cooperation has been broadened its horizons and its projects multiply. The inaugurations of the Forum of China-Africa Cooperation in 2000, has only intensified and bolster bilateral cooperation. Trade, investment, infrastructure and capacity building progressed, and cooperation in the fields of finance and tourism has been expanded so that a situation with varying levels and areas took shape and marked a new point historical departure for China-Africa cooperation.

The economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa, important part of South-South cooperation, has brought to it a new vitality, has raised the status of developing countries within the international community, both in policy and economy, and played an important role in the establishment of a new international political and economic order characterized by justice and rationality. Together with other countries and international organizations, china also wants to strengthen consultation and coordination with countries, participate in the construction of Africa and promote peace, development and progress on this continent.

INTRODUCTION

This work will involve analysis and reflection on China-Africa cooperation especially at the bilateral dimension and its impact on trade and economic exchanges. Seen that China attaches great importance if this South-South relations for mutual benefit between the two, in the economic, commercial, cultural, educational, infrastructure and the telecommunications for the development of the Sino-African cooperation .

The African continent is part of the third world, which in history has had relations with china. The resumption of relations between China and Africa in the 2000s was considered significant. The Beijing Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation which s is held successfully on November 17 in the history of Sino-African diplomatic history of China was the first time. This summit was a landmark for the friendly cooperation between China and Africa and a new historical stage of development. Since the summit of China attaches great importance to its relations with the continent that he considers an important partner in the work, increasing the political exchanges between them, while actively expanding mutual cooperation that benefits both China and the Africa in the economic framework, commercial, education, infrastructure, investment etc... And encourage the development of Sino-African.

The friendship between China and Africa is a solid bottom for the mutually beneficial cooperation, the resumption of relations between China and Africa; his last years, thanks to their efforts, trade and economic cooperation between them makes a big leap forward. Since then, China's direct investment in Africa is rising daily. The Sino-African trade is growing, because the import of African products to China are steadily increasing from day to day, as well Chinese products that continue to invade Africa, i.e. the import to this
Continent. Chinese investment in Africa in more than 46 pays and regions, the projects of investment in trade, production and processing, resource development, transport, agriculture etc.

1. Africa Brief Introduction

Figure 1: Africa’s map
Source: map online: world-atlas.us

1-1 Location

Africa is located in the Eastern hemisphere south-west, the north and south across the equator from the north-west of the western hemisphere. It is near the Indian Ocean, West Atlantic, and north through the Strait of Gibraltar and Mediterranean and cross Europe, north-east of the Red Sea and Suez Canal to proximity to Asia.

1-2 Climate

Africa has a wide variety of climate, from equatorial to temperate warm center in North Africa and southern Africa. The northern plains and the deserts are hot because of the great distance that separates them from the ocean. The temperature differences between summer and winter and between day and night are most important. Further south, the heat is tempered by the moisture from the ocean and by the altitude, especially in the highlands of East Africa. The vegetation is denser. Finally the extreme north and south both know a temperate climate, although cooler and wetter in the south.

1-3 Geographical regions and population
Covering an area of ​​30,221,532 km2 including the islands, Africa is a continent covering 6% of the water surface and 20.3% of the land surface. With a population of over 1 billion inhabitants, it accounts for 16.14% of the world population. The continent is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Africa comprises 56 countries and regions. Most of the population of Africa is composed of blacks, but meets a minority of white and yellow. Africa has over the 2000 languages ​​in Africa (about a third of world languages), grouped into four major families, excluding non-ethnic African languages.

The Afro-Asiatic family (or Hamito-Semitic, composed of 353 including 299 languages ​​spoken in Africa, totaling 340 million people) is not uniquely African. It also extends to the Arabian Peninsula and covers only the northern part of West Africa. It includes the Berber, the language of the original inhabitants of North Africa and the Arabic language is the first African in number of speakers.

Family Nilo-Saharan (197 languages ​​and 35 million speakers) covers part of the Sahara, the upper basin of the Nile and some highlands of East Africa. It is composed of twelve groups of languages ​​which only two are located in West Africa: the Songhai (Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin) and Kanuri (Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad around the lake of the same name).
Family Khoisan (22languages and 360 000 speakers) is the smallest African language family. It focuses on Namibia and shines on Angola, Botswana and South Africa. "In the past, the Khoisan languages ​​were spoken in much of southern and eastern Africa. They have been gradually squeezed out of many places by the Bantu languages ​​(then) European.
Generally distinguished North Africa, Black Africa (also known as sub-Saharan Africa) and Southern Africa: North Africa, bounded on the south by the Sahara, is inhabited by Arab and Berber-majority Sub-Saharan Africa is itself divided into three regions: West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa Southern Africa enjoys a temperate climate and has the highest level of economic development

1-4Economy

1-4-1 Industry

A country's level of economic development determines its industrial development. Africa is the lowest level of economic development on the continent, most of the country's economic backwardness. While Africa's gold, diamond, iron, manganese, apatite, bauxite, copper, uranium, tin, petroleum production in the world, occupies an important position, to agricultural and livestock products of light industry, textiles as the main. Timber industry has a solid foundation, lumber plant more. Heavy industry, metallurgy, machinery, metal processing, chemical and cement, marble, collect and process, diamond polishing, rubber products and other departments. Thus, the first and second industry, mining industry, light industry is a major industrial sector in Africa.

1-4-2 Agriculture

Agriculture in African countries plays an important role in the national economy, the majority of the country's economic pillars. A wide variety of food crops in Africa, there are wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, potatoes, etc., as well as specialty cassava, plantains, dates, Yaro, eating banana and so on. Cash crops in Africa, especially in tropical cash crops occupy an important position in the world, cotton, sisal, peanuts, oil palm, cashew, sesame, coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, tobacco, natural rubber, cloves have a high yield. Frankincense, myrrh, Ka Lite fruit, Cora, Alpha grass crop is unique to Africa. There are a rapid development of animal husbandry, livestock and more, but the low rate of livestock products, operating extensive behind. Rich fishery resources, but the fishery still remains in the manual stage, in recent years, rapid development of freshwater fisheries.

1-4-3 Transportation

Africa is the world backward transport of a continent, has not yet formed a complete transportation system. Most transportation lines stretch from the mainland coastal ports, each other alone. Dominated by road transport, while rail, sea, etc... Republic of South Africa, the north-Africa and other regions in Africa, more developed areas of transport. Sahara and other regions are not modern transportation lines blank area. Highway Africa is currently about 130 million km, the railway of about 78,000 km. Mileage about 52,000 km navigable river, which plays an important role the maritime industry and rapid development of aviation industry.

1-4-4 Natural resources:

Africa has many kinds of proven mineral resources, large reserves. Oil and natural gas rich; iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, large reserves of phosphate, etc.; gold, diamond prestigious; uranium veins have been discovered, attracted worldwide attention with highest in the world reserves of many minerals in the forefront. Africa's plant boasts at least more than 40 000 kinds. Forest area accounts for 21% of the total area of ​​Africa. Rich mahogany, ebony, rosewood, copal tree, camphor trees, walnut, yellow lacquered cork oak and other economic trees.
Vast grassland area accounts for 27% of the total area of ​​Africa, ranking first in all continents. Rich in water resources can be developed. Coastal rich sardines, tuna, whales and so on.

2. The historical evolution of Sino-African cooperation

The relationship between Afri