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(每日一练)(精选试题附答案)高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点汇总
单选题
1、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
2、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
3、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
4、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
5、Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为those,引导词使用who。故选C。
6、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
7、Playing football is so fun that it ________millions of people.
A.attractsB.exploresC.remindsD.survives
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:踢足球很有趣,它吸引了数百万人。A. attracts吸引;B. explores探索;C. reminds提醒;D. survives幸存。根据空前“Playing football is so fun”可知,因为踢足球有趣,所以吸引了数百万人。故选A。
8、The nurse will be ______ when needed, so it’s unnecessary to worry about the patient.
A.in the open airB.on handC.in shockD.now and then
答案:B
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:需要时护士会在旁边,所以不必担心病人。A. in the open air在户外;B. on hand在场,在旁边;C. in shock处于震惊之中;D. now and then时而,有时。根据句意可知,不必担心病人,因为如果病人有需要,护士会在旁边,“on hand”意为“在跟前,在旁边”,符合句意。故选B项。
9、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
10、Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.不填
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了,他说:“斯科特上尉留下了一份记录,记录了他的诚实、真诚、勇敢,造就了一个人的一切。分析句子,定语从句部分缺主语,引导词用关系代词且不可省略。故可排除D项。再根据先行词指物可排除C项。本题定语从句的先行词为复合不定代词everything故引导词只能为that不用which。综合分析,故选A 项。
11、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
12、It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.so that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词为problem,被such修饰,且在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词as,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:problem
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词problem在从句_______ nobody can work out.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词被such修饰,关系代词只能用as
故选A项。
13、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
14、The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A.which; whereB.when; when
C.which; whenD.when; that
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是year,指物,从句中的spent 缺少宾语,应用关系代词which/that引导;第二空引导表语从句,从句需要时间状语,应用when引导。综上,故选C。
小提示:
15、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to ________hasn’t done it.
A.anyoneB.those whoC.whoever thatD.someone who
答案:D
考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知,anyone可作介词to的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who/that引导且不能省略,故A项错误;those作介词to的宾语,关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用who引导,who指代those,是复数概念,助动词应用have,故B项错误;whoever引导句子作介词to的宾语,且在从句中作主语,连词that多余,故C项错误;someone作介词to的宾语,关系词在从句中作主语,可用who引导,who指代someone,是单数概念,助动词用have,故D项正确。故选D。
16、For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A.suffering, reading, it hardB.suffering from, reading, it hard
C.suffering from, to read, hardD.suffering, to read, hard
答案:B
考查非谓语动词,代词it,形容词和短语。句意:对于许多老年人,尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说,视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读,而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知,“_____health issues”作定语,修饰those,suffer from“患……病”,suffer“遭受”,由health issue“健康问题”可知,用suffer from,与主语those是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语;“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法,作宾语用动名词reading,不定式一般置后;空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”,用形式宾语it,接形容词hard作宾语补足语,综上,故选B。
17、This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词gift被序数词first修饰,所以应用关系代词that。故选B。
18、We sell a lot of products abroad and the opportunity to open-up markets in regions ________ we don’t currently sell a lot to is a great one.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.when
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们在海外销售了很多产品,在目前销量不大的地区打开市场的机会非常大。空处引导定语从句,先行词regions,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that引导。故选B。
19、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
20、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
21、That is the famous university _____my friend and I visited last summer vacation.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:那是我和朋友去年暑假参观的著名大学。此处是定语从句,先行词等于关系词,先行词是the famous university,指物,在从句中做宾语,因先行词在主句中作表语,只能用关系代词that。故选C项。
22、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
23、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
24、When the big earthquake happened, in less than a minute, the whole city lay ______.
A.in ruinsB.in troubleC.in dangerD.in shock
答案:A
考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble处于不幸中;in danger处于危险中;in shock震惊。地震发生导致整个城市成为废墟。故选A。
小提示:
25、Have you bought the same book________ I referred to yesterday?
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:D
考查定语从句关系词。句意:你买了我昨天提到的那本书了吗?分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是the same book,在从句中作to的宾语,the same…as…(和……一样),句中应由as引导定语从句。故选D项。
26、I can never understand the reason _______ he explained to me.
A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语,应用关系代词which/that,故选B项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:reason
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句_______ he explained to me中充当宾语,应用关系代词which/that
3 .考虑特殊情况:无
故选B项。
27、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
28、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
29、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
30、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
完成句子
31、是约翰打破了窗户。为什么你跟我说话的感觉就好像这事是我做的呢?
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__________?
答案:had done it
考查虚拟语气。分析句意再根据as if可知,此处为虚拟语气在as if从句中的应用,再根据上文的was可知,此处描述的是与过去事实相反的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。故答案为had done it。
32、去年他饱受饥寒交迫之苦。
He________ ________ ________ ________ ________cold and hunger last year.
答案: suffered a great deal from
考查短语。表示“受……之苦”短语为suffer from;“饱受”表示程度,用a great deal修饰。根据last year可知,此事是去年发生,用一般过去时。故填suffered a great deal from。
33、地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏,这对旅行是不安全的。
The earthquake did great damage to the bridges, __________________ for travelling.
答案:which was not safe
考查非限制性定语从句和时态。根据提示,“地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏”这件事对旅行是不安全的,所以后半句应用非限制性定语从句。当先行词指代整个主句内容时,从句用which引导。“安全”译为:be safe。从句时态应与主句的一般过去时保持一致。故填which was not safe。
34、老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室打扫完。
He ______ ______ ______ ______ the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
答案: had just finished sweeping
考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据句意“他刚把教室打扫完”可知,动作发生在“老师回来”所以应该用过去完成时,谓语应填had just finished,“打扫”应用sweep,finish doing为固定搭配,接动名词作宾语。故填①had②just③finished④sweeping。
35、众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。(一句多译)
(1)As we all know, smoking can ____________(damage n.)
(2)It is well known that smoking can ____________.(damage vt.)
答案: do/cause damage to our health damage our health
考查动词短语、名词短语和情态动词。小题1中,提示词damage作名词,结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语do/cause damage to,意为“损害……”,表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health;故小题1填do/cause damage to our health。
考查动词和名词短语。小题2中,提示词damage作动词,结合句意可知,damage在句中作谓语动词,因为设空前有情态动词can,所以damage用原形;表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health。故小题2填damage our health。
36、这是一本如此有趣的书,每个学生都喜欢看。
This is ________ every student likes reading.
答案:such an interesting book as
考查as引导的限制性定语从句。此处为关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句,关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的结构有such…as,the same…as,as…as结构中,此时as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;此处as在句中作宾语;表示“一本有趣的本书”应用an interesting book。故填such an interesting book as。
37、唐山再次发生了几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震。
Another quake ______________ as strong as the first one shook Tangshan again.
答案:which/that was almost
考查定语从句。根据所给汉语可知,“________ as strong as the first one”是定语从句,修饰Another quake,先行词Another quake在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which/that引导该定语从句。先行词Another quake是单数,从句谓语动词用单数,根据主句谓语动词shook,可知从句用一般过去时,从句谓语动词是was,“几乎”是almost,故填which/that was almost。
38、After the terrible earthquake, the homeless need___________________.
可怕的地震过后,无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水,还需要合适的住所。
答案:not only food and water but also proper shelter
考查并列连词和名词。根据句意,空处应用并列连词“not only…but also”并列名词“食物和水”food and water(不可数名词)和名词短语“合适的住所”proper shelter(此处shelter为抽象名词,不可数)。故填not only food and water but also proper shelter。
39、我上周从图书馆借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
I borrowed a book______________________ from the library last week.
答案:(which/that was)written by Mark Twain
考查定语从句和非谓语动词。根据汉语提示,a book为先行词,后面可用定语从句进行修饰。book和write之间是被动关系,同时描述的试过去事实,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。引导词在定语从句中作主语,代物,故可用which/that was written by Mark Twain;同时定语从句的被动语态,相当于过去分词作后置定语。故还可以填written by Mark Twain。故答案为(which/that was)written by Mark Twain。
40、一句多译
令全世界震惊的是,这架飞机起飞几分钟后就坠毁了。
1 .________ was that the plane crashed just minutes after take-off. (主语从句)
2 .The plane crashed just minutes after take-off, ________.(定语从句)
答案: What shocked the world which shocked the world
1 .考查主语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用主语从句翻译“令某人……是”,应该用连接代词what引导这个主语从句;根据后面的was,主语从句应该用过去时。故翻译为What shocked the world。
2 .考查定语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用定语从句翻译“飞机坠毁”这件事“令世界震惊”,要用一个关系代词代指逗号前的“飞机坠毁”这件事,并且引导非限制性定语从句,只能用which;根据前面主句的时态是一般过去时,从句应该用一般过去时。故翻译为which shocked the world。
语法填空
41、The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture are very lovely. (按要求补全句子)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:照片里的男孩和狗都很可爱。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The boy and the dog,先行词在从句中作主语,且既有人又有物,只能用that引导。故填that。
42、He said they did not want war-but if attacked they would fight to the _______(die). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:death
考查名词。句意:他说他们不想要战争——但如果受到攻击,他们会战斗到死。分析句子,设空处应该使用die的名词death作宾语,抽象概念,不可数。故填death。
43、Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people___________(suffer)from hunger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的生活变得越来越好了,然而在一些国家仍然有一些人遭受着饥饿。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作定语,空处与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,故应用现在分词作定语,故应用suffering。故填suffering。
44、We were relieved to learn that all the miners________(be rescued)from the accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had been rescued
考查时态。句意:得知所有的矿工都已从事故中被救出,我们松了一口气。此处从句表示过去的过去应用过去完成时,且为被动语态。故填had been rescued。
45、________ (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of reco
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