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英语搭配词频.doc

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选用英语中最常见的单词(名词、动词、形容词和副词),基于Corpus of Contemporary American English(COCA当代美国英语语料库) 找出这些词的搭配(根据词性),然后按照频率列出每个词的10—30个最高搭配及汉语翻译(有些搭配少甚至少到一两个:如动词+介词、形容词+介词),选择给出典型例句(从COCA语料库中抽取)及汉语翻译, 同时对一些适用于特定语域的搭配,词典给予标注[S][F][M][N][A],分别表示口语、小说、杂志、报纸和学术性的语言。下面按词类对搭配种类进行描述: 1. 在google上查找Corpus of Contemporary American English(COCA当代美国英语语料库), 进入并注册,注意:注册时在用途一栏,千万不要选择commercial use。 2. 下次使用时在首页右上角填入你的邮箱地址、密码,点击下面的log in, 即可使用。 3. 在左边words那里打入词目,点击下面的context, 选择context后面的数字,第一个数字表示词目前面出现词的频率,如你点击它(前面出现词),就呈现该词的上下文;第二个数字表示词目后面出现词的频率。 4. 常用的词性符号:名词:n; 动词:v; 形容词:j; 副词:r; 介词:p 5. [n]表示某名词单数和复数,如[book]包括book 和 books. 6. [v]表示某动词的所有形式,如[talk]包括talk, talks; talked; talking。 7. 对于多词性的词,一定要在words栏中标注:如:[walk].[n*]表示walk作为名词;[walk].[v*];表示walk作为动词;[well].[n*];表示well作为名词;[well].[r*];表示well作为副词;[well].[j*];表示well作为形容词; 1.名词: (1) 形容词+名词(以名词为中心词目): harsh/intense light (1---0) (2) 动词+名词: emit/shed light (4---0) (3) 名词+动词: light glows/shines (0---4) (4) 名词+名词: a light source (0---1) 2.动词: (5) 动词+名词(以动词为中心词目): emit gas/light (0---4) (6) 动词+副词 (以动词为中心词目): choose freely, put out a fire/statement (4---4) (7) 名词+动词(以动词为中心词目): plane crashed (4---0) (8) 动词+介词: choose between two things (0---1) 3.形容词: (9) 形容词+名词: candid camera (0---1) (10) 副词+形容词(以形容词为中心词目): environmentally safe (1---0) (11) 形容词+介词: safe from attack (0---1) 4.副词 (12) 副词+动词 (以副词为中心词目): stand awkwardly (4---4) (13) 副词+形容词词(以副词为中心词目): pretty good/well/soon (0---1) (14) 副词(程度副词)+副词: fairly regularly (1---0) (15) 副词+介词: well above the average (0---1) 8. 有些形容词不能修饰名词,如’afraid’, 因此就没有‘形名’搭配了。 9. 有些动词不能带名词,如’agree; aim’, 因此就没有‘动词+名词’搭配了。 10. “ 副词+副词”中,第一个副词常常是‘程度副词’,如:fairly regularly。其它副词通常不修饰副词,如: environmentally 等,它们只修饰形容词。 11. 对于那些有显著语域特征(语料库里用深蓝色标注的)的搭配,要标注, 共有五种:[S][F][M][N][A],分别代表spoken, fiction, magazine, newspaper, academic. 如: pretty face[F] 12. 很多动词前的名词主要指人,属于自由搭配,所以就不要“名词+动词”搭配,如:abandon. 但有些动词前的名词比较固定,就必须要“名词+动词”搭配,如:bloom. 13. 不少动词后的介词其实不依附于动词,和动词不属于同一义群,所以就不要“动词+介词”搭配,如:abolish. 14. 有的形容词只有“形容词+名词”的搭配,如absolute, 没有“副词+absolute”和“absolute+介词”的搭配。 15. 翻译搭配和例句时,经常要回到COCA里找到原句,甚至找到原段落,以求准确(COCA里的翻译不可靠)。 16. 如果context的设定在前后2个及以上,一定要把有限搭配打开看。如:abolish+noun:context 0---4. 里面发现death, education等,death这里是death penalty, education是education department,fee等。 17. 例证可以是句子或短语,但必须从COCA里取,目的是给搭配词使用提供一个语境,选择时要(1)有代表性;(2)尽量取短句子;(3)例证里避免有生词、人名等。(4)避免选生词的句子。 18. 搭配翻译注意词目的“多种意义”,如:“absorb”有多种意思,一定要参考词目的原始意义。 19. 翻译时,多使用金山词霸、百度,google搜索,词典等。如:partial birth abortion. 20. evidence+动词中的动词选主动,如: indicate, show, prove 但不选found,而动词+evidence中的动词选主动, 如: find, provide, present, offer。 21. You look absolutely beautiful. 这里absolutely不修饰look。所以,不确定的要看原句 22. 翻译搭配时,可选择项用“/”隔开,如ability measure能力量度/测量尺度。 23. 翻译搭配时,不要重复词条的翻译,应该这样做:perceived[A], uncanny, cognitive[A], academic[A]感知, 超人的, 认知, 学术能力。 24. 翻译搭配时,应在金山词霸里查“词目”的基本意思作为参考。 25. 同类的搭配只需例举一两个。如:”accent”, 表示国家的accent, 例举British, American accent就够了。 26. 搭配中的修饰动词的副词,以”ly”的副词居多。 SAMPLES: 1. abandon verb abandon+Noun children丢弃孩子, effort, plan, idea 放弃努力,方案,主意, ship, family丢弃船只,家庭, hope, position, project放弃希望,位置,计划, city遗弃城市, policy放弃政策, party退出政党, program, life放弃计划,生活,home舍弃家园, system废弃制度, practice, weapon, career放弃实践,武器,职业,land离开土地/陆地, strategy, role, attempt, notion放弃策略,角色,尝试,观念/打算, approach, faith, search放弃方法,信仰, 搜寻,goal, work, commitment放弃目标,工作,承诺 Some became more radical, others abandoned the party. 有些人变得更激进,另些人退出了政党。The New Yorker has been criticized for abandoning its commitment to its former high standards. 那个纽约人因为放弃对原高标准的承诺受到了批评。 ADV + abandon completely, altogether彻底,完全放弃, simply根本上废除, quickly, largely很快,很多程度上遗弃, once曾经废除过, soon不久终止, eventually, finally最终放弃, entirely, already, almost全部,已经,几乎放弃, recently, totally, temporarily, virtually最近,彻底,暂时,几乎放弃, nearly, apparently, abruptly, mostly 差不多,显然,突然,大部分废除 The Romans simply abandoned the place. 那些罗马人干脆把那个地方放弃了。The city was largely abandoned in the 11th century. 那个城市在11世纪很多程度上被遗弃了。The United States has not altogether abandoned multilateralism. 美国没有完全放弃多边主义。、 2. ability noun ADJ+ability athletic运动能力[A], high[A]高学习能力, perceived[A], uncanny, cognitive[A], academic[A]感知,超人的,认知,学术能力, great, natural非凡的,天生的才干, physical体能, intellectual[A]智力, unique, limited, remarkable独特的,有限的,杰出的能力, mental智力, individual, human, innate个体的,人的,固有的能力, low低学习能力, spatial, technical, verbal空间,技术,口头表达能力, average中等学习能力, amazing, extraordinary, general惊人的,非凡的,一般能力, functional, increased, predictive功能性的,增强的,猜测能力, artistic艺术才能 Increased ability to earn income will empower women in both public and private spheres. 妇女挣得收入能力的增强增加了她们在公共场合和私人天地里的自主权。 loss of functional ability to perform everyday tasks such as reading and housework失去像阅读和家务之类的日常事务功能性能力 Your innate ability to find the good in others is a gift. 你总是从别人身上发现优点的能力是一种天赋。He had the uncanny ability to read guests. 他有读懂客人心思的超人能力。the development of perceived ability and expectations of success对感知能力的培养和成功的期望 VERB+ability have有能力, lose失去能力, affect对能力产生负面影响, improve, limit, enhance, develop提高,限制,增强,培养能力, base on基于…能力, give someone给某人能力, demonstrate, show展示能力, increase提高能力, depend on依靠…能力, lie in在于…能力, lack, assess, reduce, possess, restrict, test缺少,评估,减少,拥有,限制,检测能力 We are fighting in order to weaken them and to affect their ability to target Israel in the future. 我们正在战斗,目的是削弱他们的力量和他们将来打击以色列的能力。His strength lies mainly in his ability to read the landscape. 他的优势主要在于他能看懂地形的能力。We selected participants based on their ability to provide a variety of viewpoints. 我们依照提供各种不同观点的能力来选择参加者。 ability+NOUN level[A]能力水平, grouping[A]按能力分组, student具有…能力的学生, test能力测试, group具有…能力的小组, learner具有…能力的学生者, rating能力分等, measure能力量度/测量尺度,attribution能力特征/具有…能力的特征, score, difference, index能力分值,差异,量度, male具有…能力的男性, profile个人能力特质, scale能力量度表, variable, testing, perception, range能力变量,测试,感知,范围 Considerable research has been conducted comparing the effects of effort and ability attributions for academic success and failure. 在比较勤奋与能力特征对学术成败的影响方面,人们做了大量的研究。the British Ability Scales devised in the 1970s二十世纪七十年代设计的英国智能量表 Failure confirms their negative ability perceptions. 失败证实了他们的不祥的能力感知。study second language learners across the whole ability range从全部能力范围来研究二语学习者 students of different ability profiles不同能力特征的学生 high ability males and females学习能力高的男女 receive higher athletic ability ratings取得较高体能等级 Ability grouping enhances academic achievement of slower learners. 按能力分组可以提高那些反应稍慢些的学习者的学业成绩。low-spatial ability learners低空间能力学习者 3. able adj able+NOUN student, man, people, children, seaman能干的/能力强的学生,人,人们,孩子,水手, leadership英明的领导, assistance得力的帮助, administrator, person能干的行政领导,人, learner能力强的学习者 less academically able student学术能力欠佳的学生 attracting and recruiting able people 吸引并招募能干的人 less able children 能力不强的学生 Under his able leadership 在他英明领导下 Fortunately he had the able assistance of his sister. 幸运的是他得到了他姐姐得力的帮助。 ADV+able barely勉强能够/几乎不能, best最能胜任, least根本不能/最不能够, most最能, actually事实上能够, hardly几乎不能, physically身体上允许/能够, somehow不知怎么了能够/竟然能够, eventually终于能够, highly非常能干的, rarely很少能够, academically学术能力强的, increasingly越来越能, scarcely几乎不能, financially, perfectly, equally, legally, uniquely, truly财力上/经济上,非常,同等地,法律上,唯独,确实能够/胜任 barely able to utter the words勉强能够说出那些话 Your brain is fresh and best able to attend to details. 你的头脑清醒最能关注细节了。 They are most helpless and least able to care for themselves. 他们非常无助,根本不能照顾自己。 As soon as he was physically able, he was going to do something he hadn't done. 一旦他身体允许,他要做些从未做过的的事。She was somehow able to buy a house in the suburbs. 她竟然能在郊区买得起一个房子。highly able students非常能干的学生 We were willing and financially able to travel overseas. 我们愿意并财力上能赴海外旅游。 The project is thus uniquely able to probe the Milky Way's structure. 因此唯独这个计划能探究银河系的结构。 4. abroad adv VERB+abroad be, go在, 去国外, travel到国外旅游, study, live, work在国外学习,生活,工作, send把某人送往国外 He travelled abroad to Turkey. 他出国旅游到土耳其。 Many students were sent abroad to continue their education. 许多学生被送到国外继续深造。 ADV+abroad both domestically and abroad国内和国外, home and abroad国内外 In World War II, more than 330,000 women served both domestically and abroad. 二战期间,33万多妇女服务于国内和国外。 1311    doubt n 1312    doubt v 1313    dough   1314    down v 1315    down adv 1316    downtown adj 1317    downtown adv 1318    dozen   1319    draft n 1320    draft v 1321    drag   1322    drain   1323    drama   1324    dramatic   1325    dramatically   1326    draw   1327    drawer   1328    drawing   1329    dream n 1330    dream v 1331    dress n 1332    dress v 1333    dried   1334    drift   1335    drill   1336    drink n 1337    drink v 1338    drinking adj 1339    drive n 1340    drive v 1341    driver   1342    driveway   1343    driving n 1344    drop n 1345    drop v 1346    drown   1347    drug   1348    drum   1349    drunk   1350    dry v 1351    dry adj 1352    duck   1353    due   1354    dumb   1355    dump   1356    dust   1357    Dutch   1358    duty   1359    dying   1360    dynamic   1361    dynamics   1362    eager   1363    ear   1364    early adj 1365    earn   1366    earnings   1367    earth   1368    earthquake   1369    ease n 1370    ease v 1371    easily   1372    east   1373    eastern   1374    easy   1375    eat   1376    eating   1377    echo   1378    ecological   1379    economic   1380    economically   1381    economics   1382    economist   1383    economy   1384    ecosystem   1385    edge   1386    edit   1387    edition   1388    editor   1389    educate   1390    education   1391    educational   1392    educator   1393    effect   1394    effective   1395    effectively   1396    effectiveness   1397    efficiency   1398    efficient   1399    effort   1400    egg   1401    ego   1402    elaborate   1403    elbow   1404    elder   1405    elderly   1406    elect   1407    election   1408    electric   1409    electrical   1410    electricity   1411    electronic   1412    electronics   1413    elegant   1414    element   1415    elementary   1416    elephant   1417    elevator   1418    eligible   1419    eliminate   1420    elite   1421    elsewhere   1422    e-mail   1423    embarrassed   1424    embrace   1425    emerge   1426    emergency   1427    emerging   1428    emission   1429    emotion   1430    emotional   1431    emotionally   1432    emphasis   1433    emphasize   1434    empire   1435    employ   1436    employee   1437    employer   1438    employment   1439    empty   1440    enable   1441    enact   1442    encounter n 1443    encounter v 1444    encourage   1445    encouraging   1446    end n 1447    end v 1448    endless   1449    endorse   1450    endure   1451    enemy   1452    energy   1453    enforce   1454    enforcement   1455    engage   1456    engagement   1457    engine   1458    engineer   1459    engineering   1460    English n 1461    enhance   1462    enjoy   1463    enormous   1464    enroll   1465    ensure   1466    enter   1467    enterprise   1468    entertainment   1469    enthusiasm   1470    entire   1471    entirely   1472    entitle   1473    entity   1474    entrance   1475    entrepreneur   1476    entry   1477    envelope   1478    environment   1479    environmental   1480    envision   1481    epidemic   1482    episode   1483    equal   1484    equality   1485    equally   1486    equation   1487    equip   1488    equipment   1489    equity   1490    equivalent   1491    era   1492    error   1493    escape n 1494    escape v 1495    essay   1496    essence   1497    essential   1498    establish   1499    establishment   1500    estate   3251    policy   3252 polish n 3253 polished   3254 polite   3255 politeness   3256    political   3257    politically   3258    politician   3259    politics   3260    poll   3261    pollution   3262    pond   3263    pool n 3264 pool v 3265    poor   3266    pop n 3267    popular   3268    popularity   3269 populated   3270    population   3271    porch   3272    pork   3273    port   3274    portfolio   3275    portion   3276    portrait   3277    portray   3278    pose n 3279 pose v 3280    position n 3281    position v 3282    positive   3283    possess   3284    possession   3285    possibility   3286    possible   3287    post n 3288    post v 3289    poster   3290 postpone   3291 posture   3292    pot   3293    potato   3294    potential n 3295    potential adj 3296    potentially   3297    pound n 3298    pound v 3299    pour   3300    poverty   3301    powder   3302    power   3303    powerful   3304    practical   3305    practically   3306    practice n 3307    practice v 3308    practitioner   3309    praise n 3310    praise v 3311    pray v 3312    prayer   3313    preach   3314 precaution   3315    precious   3316    precise   3317    precisely   3318    predator   3319    predict   3320    prediction   3321    prefer   3322    preference   3323    pregnancy   3324    pregnant   3325 prejudice n 3326    preliminary   3327    premise   3328    premium   3329    preparation   3330    prepare   3331 prerequisite   3332    prescription   3333    presence   3334    present n 3335    present v 3336    present adj 3337    presentation   3338 preservation   3339    preserve   3340    presidency   3341    president   3342    presidential   3343    press n 3344    press v 3345    pressure   3346 prestige   3347    presumably   3348    pretend   3349    pretty adj 3350    pretty adv 3351    prevail   3352    prevent   3353    prevention   3354    previous   3355    previously   3356    price   3357    pride   3358    priest   3359    primarily   3360    primary   3361    prime   3362    principal n 3363    principle   3364    print n 3365    print v 3366    prior   3367    priority   3368    prison   3369    prisoner   3370    privacy   3371    private   3372 privatization   3373    privately   3374    privilege   3375    prize   3376 probability   3377    probably   3378    problem   3379    procedure   3380    proceed   3381 proceedings   3382    process n 3383    process v 3384    processing   3385    processor   3386    proclaim   3387    produce   3388    producer   3389    product   3390
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