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乳腺癌患者希望水平与癌因性疲乏的关系:心理弹性的中介作用.pdf

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1、四川精神卫生 2023 年第 36 卷第 4期http:/乳腺癌患者希望水平与癌因性疲乏的关系:心理弹性的中介作用冯秀娟1,朱晟睿2,崔子悦1,方姣3,郑文凯3*(1.西安交通大学城市学院护理系,陕西 西安 710018;2.马来西亚理科大学健康学院,吉兰丹 100062;3.内蒙古医科大学基础医学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010107*通信作者:郑文凯,E-mail:Wenkai_Z)【摘要】背景至少77.0%的乳腺癌患者会经历癌因性疲乏。希望水平与心理弹性是癌因性疲乏的重要影响因素,目前,大多数研究从单一的希望水平或心理弹性等因素出发,探讨其与癌因性疲乏的关系,将三者结合探讨作用机制的研究有限

2、。目的探讨心理弹性在乳腺癌患者希望水平与癌因性疲乏之间的中介作用,为寻找乳腺癌患者癌因性疲乏的干预靶点提供参考。方法于2022年3月-2022年10月,选取在陕西省三家三级甲等医院住院的、病理诊断为乳腺癌、年龄18岁的324名患者为研究对象。采用成人希望水平特质量表(ADHS)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC-10)和癌因性疲乏量表(CFS)分别评定患者的希望水平、心理弹性和癌因性疲乏状况。运用Pearson相关分析考查ADHS评分、CD-RISC-10评分和CFS评分间的关系;采用AMOS 22.0对心理弹性在乳腺癌患者希望水平和癌因性疲乏之间的中介作用进行分析。结果乳腺癌患者癌因性疲乏检出率

3、为88.58%。ADHS评分、CD-RISC-10评分与CFS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.750、-0.809,P均0.01)。ADHS评分与CD-RISC-10评分呈正相关(r=0.901,P0.01)。心理弹性在乳腺癌患者希望水平和癌因性疲乏之间具有中介作用,中介效应值为-0.676(95%CI:-1.005-0.347),占总效应的81.90%。结论乳腺癌患者的希望水平可以直接影响癌因性疲乏,也可以通过心理弹性间接影响癌因性疲乏,心理弹性在希望水平和癌因性疲乏之间起部分中介作用。【关键词】乳腺癌患者;希望水平;心理弹性;癌因性疲乏开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):中图分类号:B849

4、 文献标识码:A doi:10.11886/scjsws20230126001 Relationship between the level of hope and cancer-related fatigue among breast cancer patients:mediating role of resilienceFeng Xiujuan1,Zhu Shengrui2,Cui Ziyue1,Fang Jiao3,Zheng Wenkai3*(1.Department of Nursing,Xian Jiaotong University City College,Xian 71001

5、8,China;2.Health Campus,Universiti Sains Malaysian,Kelantan 100062,Malaysia;3.Basic Medical College,Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010107,China*Corresponding author:Zheng Wenkai,E-mail:Wenkai_Z)【Abstract】BackgroundAt least 77.0%of breast cancer patients will experience cancer-related fatig

6、ue.Hope level and resilience play as two important factors that have influence on cancer-related fatigue.Currently,most studies involve one single factor,either the level of hope or resilience,and explore its relationship with the cancer-related fatigue.Only limited studies explore the action mechan

7、ism behind with all three factors put together.ObjectiveTo investigate the mediating role of resilience between hope and cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer,and to provide references for finding intervention targets for cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients.MethodsFrom M

8、arch to October 2022,this study was conducted on the sample size of 324 hospitalized patients from three Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province.These patients were over 18 years old and pathologically diagnosed as breast cancer.Hope level,resilience and cancer-related fatigue were assessed,r

9、espectively,using Adult Dispositional Hope Scale(ADHS),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10)and Cancer Fatigue Scale(CFS).Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the relationship between ADHS score,CD-RISC-10 score and CFS score.AMOS 22.0 was used to analyze the mediating effect of r

10、esilience between hope level and cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients.ResultsThe detection rate of cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer was 88.58%.Scores of ADHS and CD-RISC-10 were negatively correlated with CFS score(r=-0.750,-0.809,P0.01).ADHS score was positively cor

11、related with CD-RISC-10 score 微信扫描二维码听独家语音释文与作者在线交流3342023 年第 36 卷第 4期四川精神卫生http:/(r=0.901,P18分为存在癌因性疲乏症状9。本研究中,该量表及各维度 Cronbach s 系数分别为 0.887、0.923、0.861和0.907。采用成人希望水平特质量表(Adult Dispositional Hope Scale,ADHS)22评定乳腺癌患者的希望水平。该量表共12个条目,包括目标选择、路径思维和动力思维三个分维度。每个条目采用1(绝对错误)4分(绝对正确)4级评分,其中目标选择为干扰项,不记分。总评

12、分范围832分,总评分越高,表明个体希望水平越高,战胜困难的信心越强。本研究中,该量表及其各维度Cronbach s 系数分别为0.957、0.963、0.961和0.934。采用心理弹性量表(Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,CD-RISC-10)23评定乳腺癌患者心理弹性的水平。该量表共10个条目,采用0(从不)4分(总是)5级评分法,量表总评分为各条目评分之和,总评分越高,表明心理弹性水平越高,恢复能力越好。本研究中,该量表Cronbach s 系数为0.915。1.3评定方法参与调查的人员均接受研究背景、研究设计、量表内容、填写要求及评定标准等方面的一致

13、性培训。调查人员利用每周乳腺癌知识宣讲会结束后的时间,在会议室进行量表评定,统一指导语,患者匿名填写问卷,填写时间约10 min。问卷填写完毕后统一回收,剔除存在漏填、错填和所有作答选项一致的问卷。335四川精神卫生 2023 年第 36 卷第 4期http:/1.4统计方法采用 SPSS 22.0 进行统计分析。计数资料以n(%)表示,符合正态分布的计量资料以(x s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组比较采用单因素方差分析,并进行事后检验。运用Pearson相关分析考查ADHS评分、CD-RISC-10评分和CFS评分的相关性;采用AMOS 22.0构建结构方程模型,探讨希望水平、心理

14、弹性和癌因性疲乏三者间的关系。为降低单维度变量直接作为模型变量造成的估计偏差,采用随机法将心理弹性打包成具有2个因子的潜变量,命名为:心理弹性 1和心理弹性 2。检验水准=0.05。2 结 果2.1共同方法偏差检验采用Harman单因素检验法,对三个量表所有变量进行探索性因子分析,共提取5个特征值大于1的因子,其中,第一个主成分可解释总变异的27.37%,小于40%,表明本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。2.2不同特征的乳腺癌患者CFS评分比较324例乳腺癌患者年龄(47.332.17)岁,其中,60 岁 275 例(84.88%),60 岁 49 例(15.1%)。乳腺癌患者CFS总评分为45

15、6分 (31.247.36)分,检出278例(88.58%)存在癌因性疲乏。乳腺癌患者CFS躯体疲乏、情感疲乏和认知疲乏维度评分分别为(16.233.27)分、(9.722.63)分、(5.291.18)分,条目均分分别为(2.320.47)分、(2.430.66)分、(1.320.30)分。年龄60岁的乳腺癌患者CFS总评分高于年龄60 岁者,差异有统计学意义(t=4.141,P0.01);初中及以下受教育程度的乳腺癌患者 CFS 总评分高于受教育程度为高中者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);疾病分期处于转移期的乳腺癌患者CFS 总评分高于非转移期者,差异有统计学意义(t=3.124,P0.

16、05);仅辅助治疗的乳腺癌患者 CFS总评分高于无治疗方式和其他治疗方式的乳腺癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P60岁(n=49)已婚(n=262)离异或丧偶(n=62)农村(n=112)乡镇(n=115)城市(n=97)初中及以下(n=153)高中(n=67)大专及以上(n=104)入不敷出(n=116)收支平衡(n=140)收支结余(n=68)X6个月(n=172)6个月12个月(n=80)转移期(n=166)非转移期(n=158)无治疗方式(n=30)仅手术治疗(n=153)仅辅助治疗(n=32)手术和辅助治疗(n=109)CFS总评分31.338.1735.007.3133.329.3332

17、.638.8334.418.7329.259.6032.719.6034.629.6631.637.3431.049.3234.869.4432.088.6132.8210.0933.598.5333.908.2235.8710.7435.098.6632.028.8328.596.8732.168.9239.787.7034.049.63t/F4.1410.3942.9613.6352.1421.7143.1247.420P0.0100.7080.0540.0500.1200.1650.050注:CFS,癌因性疲乏量表3362023 年第 36 卷第 4期四川精神卫生http:/2.3相关分

18、析乳腺癌患者ADHS和CD-RISC-10总评分分别为(21.705.04)分和(24.558.49)分。ADHS总评分与CFS 总评分及各维度评分均呈负相关(r=-0.750,-0.738,-0.653,-0.680,P均0.01),与CD-RISC-10总评分呈正相关(r=0.901,P0.01)。CD-RISC-10总评分与CFS总评分及各维度评分均呈负相关(r=-0.809,-0.802,-0.697,-0.733,P均0.01)。见表2。2.4中介作用以癌因性疲乏为因变量,希望水平为自变量,心理弹性为中介变量构建中介模型。见图 1。该结构方程模型拟合良好:2/df=1.663,P0.

19、05,RMSEA=0.057,GFI=0.965,CFI=0.995,TLI=0.992,NFI=0.988。希望水平可直接正向预测心理弹性(=0.941,P0.01)和癌因性疲乏(=-0.149,P0.05);心理弹性可直接负向预测癌因性疲乏(=-0.718,P0.01);心理弹性在希望水平与癌因性疲乏之间起部分中介作用。希望水平对癌因性疲乏的总效应为-0.825,其中直接效应值=-0.149,间接效应值=-0.676,间接效应占总效应的81.90%。见表3。3 讨 论 本研究中,乳腺癌患者 CFS总评分为(31.247.36)分,高于王岩等24对乳腺癌患者的研究结果(21.969.72)分

20、。这可能与两个研究中患者的治疗方式不同有关,在王岩等的研究中,75.61%的患者都在接受化疗,接受手术治疗的比例相对较少,而本研究中未接受治疗和仅手术治疗的患者占比为56.5%。在CFS的三个维度中,情感疲乏条目均分高于躯体疲乏和认知疲乏条目均分,与王岩等24的研究结果一致,这可能与两个研究中的调查对象多表2乳腺癌患者ADHS、CD-RISC-10与CFS评分的相关性(r)Table 2Correlation between scores of ADHS,CD-RISC-10 and CFS in breast cancer patients变量ADHS评分路径思维评分动力思维评分CD-RIS

21、C-10评分CFS总评分躯体疲乏评分情感疲乏评分认知疲乏评分相关系数ADHS评分10.932a0.921a0.901a-0.750a-0.738a-0.653a-0.680a路径思维评分-10.816a0.911a-0.720a-0.716a-0.621a-0.662a动力思维评分-10.903a-0.760a-0.748a-0.672a-0.686aCD-RISC-10评分-1-0.809a-0.802a-0.697a-0.733aCFS总评分-10.928a0.913a0.920a躯体疲乏评分-10.759a0.798a情感疲乏评分-10.757a认知疲乏评分-1注:ADHS,成人希望水平

22、特质量表;CD-RISC-10,心理弹性量表;CFS,癌因性疲乏量表;aP0.01图1乳腺癌患者心理弹性在希望水平与癌因性疲乏间的中介效应模型Figure 1Mediating effect model of resilience between hope level and cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients表3结构方程模型中各项效应分解Table 3Effect decomposition in structural equation model路 径希望水平癌因性疲乏希望水平心理弹性心理弹性癌因性疲乏直接效应-0.1490.9

23、41-0.718间接效应-0.676-总效应-0.8250.941-0.718337四川精神卫生 2023 年第 36 卷第 4期http:/为已婚有关,除了对抗疾病外,还要照顾家庭和子女,故情感疲乏最明显。年龄大、受教育程度低、疾病处于转移期的乳腺癌患者CFS评分更高,可能是因为年龄大、处于转移期的乳腺癌患者病情更重,恢复较慢,故出现更多的身心症状;受教育程度低的乳腺癌患者获取疾病信息的渠道相对有限,对病情的发展及预后有更多未知感,产生更多的担忧,癌因性疲乏更重。相关分析结果显示,ADHS总评分与 CFS总评分及各维度评分均呈负相关。希望水平作为一种积极的心理品质,使个体有信心实现目标,与精

24、神信仰互相关联、互相依存,在癌症的治疗中发挥积极作用。以往研究结果显示,不同样本测出癌因性疲乏与希望水平的相关关系存在差异,但大多呈现出负相关的规律变化25。此外,乳腺癌患者 CD-RISC-10 评分与 CFS 总评分及各维度评分均呈负相关,即心理弹性水平较高的乳腺癌患者癌因性疲乏程度更低,这可能是因为高心理弹性水平有助于增强患者在逆境中的心理恢复能力,帮助患者保持情绪稳定,有利于身体和心理的恢复,癌因性疲乏程度较低。ADHS评分与CD-RISC-10评分呈正相关,希望水平与心理弹性都属于积极的心理品质,希望水平越高的个体在面对疾病时往往表现出更积极的态度,心理弹性也更高。希望水平可以直接预

25、测乳腺癌患者的癌因性疲乏,也可以通过心理弹性间接预测癌因性疲乏。乳腺癌患者希望水平越高,心理弹性水平越高,癌因性疲乏程度越低。这可能是因为高希望水平的个体面对癌症时,其路径思维与动力思维水平较高,对疾病的预期结果较好,从而激发自身的防御机制,表现出更高的心理弹性26,对治疗的结果预期更好,更容易接受乳腺癌的副反应,从而表现出较少的癌因性疲乏。本研究局限性:本研究属于横断面研究,无法推论因果关系;未探讨在控制人口学变量下中介模型成立的情况,使得研究结果推广受制;仅通过问卷调查乳腺癌患者的希望水平、心理弹性和癌因性疲乏,未能对具体病情等影响因素进行探究。参考文献1孙倩倩,叶红芳,杨莉.接纳与承诺疗

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