1、 学校代码:学校代码:10730 分类号:分类号:R R681.53681.53 密级密级:公开:公开 论文题目(中文)论文题目(中文)非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证研究非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证研究 论文题目(外文)论文题目(外文)An Evidence-Based Study of Non-Operative Treatment for Lumbar Disc Herniation 作者作者姓名姓名 李镜李镜 学科专业学科专业 公共管理公共管理社会医学与卫生事业管理社会医学与卫生事业管理 研究方向研究方向 循证卫生决策管理循证卫生决策管理 教育教育类型类型 学历教育学历教育 指
2、导教师指导教师 杨克虎杨克虎 教授教授 合作导师合作导师 牛军强牛军强 副主任医师副主任医师 论 文 工 作 时 段论 文 工 作 时 段 20222022 年年 4 4 月至月至 20232023 年年 4 4 月月 论 文论 文 答 辩答 辩 日 期日 期 20232023 年年 5 5 月月 校址:甘肃省兰州市校址:甘肃省兰州市城关区天水南路城关区天水南路 222222 号号万方数据 万方数据 I 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证研究非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证研究 摘摘 要要 背景背景 腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)是致残的最重要原因之一,严重影响患者的生活质量。非手术疗法作为 LD
3、H 的一线治疗方案,可缓解 90%-95%LDH 患者的症状。因此,本研究通过了解 LDH 非手术疗法的中外文研究现况,探索研究热点,分析不同非手术疗法治疗 LDH 的有效性和安全性,以期为临床治疗 LDH提供循证证据,辅助医生进行临床决策,改善患者生活质量。目的目的(1)分析国内外 LDH 非手术治疗相关研究的现况;(2)系统收集非手术疗法治疗 LDH 的随机对照试验(RCT),评价非手术疗法的有效性和安全性;(3)根据国际实践指南报告规范制订非手术疗法治疗 LDH 的循证实践指南,促进 LDH 患者治疗的标准化和规范化。方法方法(1)文献计量学分析:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)和 Web
4、 of Science Core Collection(WOSCC)数据库,纳入关于非手术疗法治疗 LDH 相关的中英文研究。使用 VOS viewer(1.6.18)软件和 Excel 2019 对期刊、国家、机构、作者、关键词等进行分析。(2)Meta 分析:系统检索中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI、万方、Pubmed、WOS、Embase 和 Cochrane Library 数据库,纳入关于非甾体抗炎药、物理因子疗法、类固醇、离子通道调节剂、营养神经类药物和脱水剂治疗 LDH 相关的 RCT,使用 Revman 5.4 软件、随机效应模型进行 Meta 分析,分别采用 RR 值和 MD
5、 值作为二分类变量和连续性变量的合并效应值,并采用GRADE 证据分级系统评估证据质量。(3)循证实践指南:按照如下规范化流程制订指南:成立指南工作组,管理利益冲突,临床问题调研、遴选与确定,检索、评价与证据分级,形成推荐意见决策表,推荐意见共识与确定,指南全文撰写和发布。遵循中国制订/修订临床诊疗指南的指导原则(2022 版)、世界卫生组织指南制定手册(2014 版)和 GRADE 规范,结合国际实践指南报告规范、指南研究与评价工具完成报告及评价。结果结果(1)文献计量学分析:共纳入 LDH 非手术治疗相关中文文献 20,027篇、英文文献 4,908 篇,发文量均呈波浪形增长趋势,中英文研
6、究分别在 2018 年(992 篇)和 2021 年(390 篇)达到最大年发文量,之后呈下降趋势。针灸临床杂志(343 篇)和 Spine 期刊(212 篇)分别为中英文研究发表最多的期刊。发表英文研究数量最多的国家、机构、作者分别是美国(1,397 篇)、哈佛大学(135万方数据 II 篇)及来自美国帕迪尤卡疼痛管理中心的 Manchikanti Laxmaiah 教授(106 篇),他们的研究集中于临床神经病学、麻醉学、整形外科及普通内科领域。甘肃省中医院(106 篇)和来自上海交通大学附属第六人民医院的吴耀持教授(41 篇)分别是发表中文研究数量最多的机构和作者,研究领域主要为中医学和
7、外科学。中外文研究热点集中于 LDH 的诊断及治疗。英文研究的非手术疗法主要包括硬膜外注射(241 次)和类固醇(120 次)等西医疗法,中文研究的主要包括中医疗法:如推拿(2,564 次)、针灸(1,565 次)、中药汤剂(791 次)等。(2)Meta 分析:初检共获取文献 40,022 篇,去重后对 29,541 篇文献进行筛选,最后纳入 RCT 58 篇,其中 28%的研究报告对患者进行随访,17%的研究报告使用盲法。Meta 分析结果显示:非甾体抗炎药改善 LDH 症状的效果不如中医疗法(VAS:MD 1.33,95%CI 0.81 至 1.84)和物理因子治疗(VAS:MD 1.2
8、5,95%CI 0.72至1.78);消化道不良事件的发生率为11%(95%CI 3%至18%),皮疹为 5%(95%CI 1%至 10%)。物理因子疗法改善 LDH 症状的效果比安慰剂好(VAS:MD-1.07,95%CI-2.13 至-0.01;RMDQ:MD-1.80,95%CI-2.98至-0.62;SF-36:无差异),但不如电针(VAS:MD 1.60,95%CI 0.67 至 2.53;ODI:MD 9.08,95%CI 3.78 至 14.38)、牵引(VAS:MD 0.91,95%CI 0.21 至1.61;ODI:MD 1.80,95%CI 0.05 至 3.55)和灵气疗
9、法(VAS:MD 2.25,95%CI 1.62 至 2.88;IADL:无差异),与运动疗法的组间差异无统计学意义。硬膜外注射复方倍他米松/强的松缓解疼痛的效果比高强度激光(VAS:MD-0.69,95%CI-1.21 至-0.17)/腰椎斜扳手法(VAS:MD-0.83,95%CI-1.23 至-0.43)更明显,硬膜外注射地塞米松/甲基强的松龙 vs 针刀/酮洛芬的组间差异无统计学意义;硬膜外注射类固醇联合常规治疗比单独采用常规治疗的效果更明显(VAS:MD-2.74,95%CI-3.92 至-1.57)。普瑞巴林联合非甾体抗炎药改善 LDH 症状的效果比单独使用非甾体抗炎药更明显(VA
10、S:MD-0.31,95%CI-0.42 至-0.19;VAS 睡眠质量评分法:MD-10.80,95%CI-19.16 至-2.44;VAS 下肢麻木评分法:MD-2.60,95%CI-2.75 至-2.45);联合治疗发生嗜睡的风险是单独使用非甾体抗炎药的 9.02 倍(95%CI 1.70 至 47.82)。甲钴胺改善 LDH 症状的效果不如滞针(VAS:MD 0.60,95%CI 0.08 至 1.12)和补肾活血汤(VAS:MD 0.96,95%CI 0.59 至 1.33;JOA:MD-1.29,95%CI-1.83 至-0.75;ODI:MD 3.15,95%CI 2.04 至
11、4.26)。七叶皂苷钠改善 LDH 症状的效果比布洛芬更明显(VAS:MD-1.80,95%CI-2.51 至-1.09;JOA:MD 6.54,95%CI 6.22 至 6.86),静脉注射甘露醇和地塞米松缓解即刻疼痛的效果比地奥司明片更好(VAS:MD-0.48,95%CI-0.62 至-0.34)。万方数据 III (3)循证实践指南:基于已发表的 41 篇系统评价和当前开展的 Meta 分析形成证据基础,针对 14 个临床问题形成 19 条推荐意见的初稿。采用德尔菲法对17 位专家进行共识,收回有效问卷 17 份。65%的共识专家判断依据为临床经验和证据基础,59%的专家对 GRADE
12、 体系很熟悉,推荐意见同意率范围为 71%-100%,中位数为 88%。根据专家意见修改后,形成非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证实践指南的 19 条推荐意见。结论结论(1)近两年非手术疗法治疗 LDH 相关的中英文研究趋势有所下降,在中文研究中,备受关注的中医学领域在英文研究中出现频次较低;此外,未来的研究应该进一步阐明非手术疗法治疗 LDH 的机制。(2)低至中等质量证据表明,非甾体抗炎药、物理因子疗法、类固醇、离子通道调节剂、营养神经类药物和脱水剂治疗 LDH 均有一定疗效,目前的研究存在质量低、随访时间短的问题,未来需要更多高质量的 RCT 研究非手术疗法治疗 LDH 的安全性和有效性
13、。(3)通过指南制订规范流程,形成 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证实践指南的推荐意见。其中,推荐意见大多基于低质量证据,建议继续开展高质量 RCT,并验证心理干预疗法、肌肉松弛剂和阿片类药物在 LDH 治疗中的有效性和安全性。关键词:关键词:腰椎间盘突出症,非手术疗法,文献计量学,Meta 分析,循证实践指南 万方数据 IV AN EVIDENCE-BASED STUDY OF NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT FOR LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION Abstract Background Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)is one of
14、 the most important causes of disability,and affects patients quality of life.Non-operative therapy is the first-line treatment for LDH,it can relieve symptoms in 90%to 95%of patients.Therefore,through understanding the current status of non-operative treatment for LDH related studies published in C
15、hinese and English languages,and exploring the research hotspots,and analyzing the effectiveness and safety of different non-operative therapies,these analyses were used to provide evidence for clinical practice,and help clinicians to make decision to improve the patients quality of life.Objectives(
16、1)To analyze the current status of non-operative treatment for LDH related studies published in Chinese and English languages;(2)Including the randomized controlled trial(RCT)about the effectiveness and safety of non-operative treatment for LDH,then evaluating the effectiveness and safety of non-ope
17、rative treatment;(3)Developing evidence-based practice guideline about non-operative treatment for LDH according to Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare(RIGHT),then promoting the standardization and normalization of treatment for LDH.Methods(1)Bibliometric analysis:We searched China
18、 National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC)to retrieve Chinese-and English-language RCTs about non-operative treatment for LDH.Using VOS viewer(1.6.18)and Excel 2019 to analyze the distribution of journal,country,organization,author,keywords and et.al.(2)Meta-an
19、alysis:CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,WOS,Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to include RCTs related to NSAIDs,physiotherapy,steroids,ionic channel regulator,neurotrophic agent and dehydrant for LDH.Using Revman 5.4 software and random-effect model to conduct meta-analysis,t
20、he risk ratio(RR)and mean difference(MD)were used to pool the effect sizes of binary outcomes and continuous outcomes respectively.The quality of evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE).(3)Evidence-based practice 万方数据 V guideline:following th
21、e standardized process:form guideline working group,manage conflicts of interest,investigation,selection and determination of clinical questions,search,evaluate and grade the evidence,formulate recommendations,recommendation consensus and confirmation,writing and publishing guideline.The guideline s
22、hould also followGuidelines for the Formulation/Revision of Clinical Treatment Guidelines in China(2022 edition),WHO handbook for guideline development(2014 edition),RIGHT,and AGREE to report and assess the guideline.Results(1)Bibliometric analysis:A total of 20,027 Chinese-and 4,908 English-languag
23、e literatures related to non-operative treatment for LDH were included,the number of publications showed a wavy growth trend,the annual number of articles published in Chinese and English peaked in 2018(992)and 2021(390)respectively,then showed a downward trend.The most productive journals published
24、 in Chinese and English studies were Clinical Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(343)and Spine(212)respectively.The countries,institutions and authors with the largest number of English-language studies are the United States(1,397),Harvard University(135)and Professor Manchikanti Laxmaiah from t
25、he Paducah Pain Management Center(106),their research areas focused on clinical neurology,anesthesiology,plastic surgery,and general internal medicine.In terms of Chinese-language studies,Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(106)and Professor Wu Yaochi from the Sixth Peoples Hos
26、pital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University(41)were the most productive institutions and authors,and focused on the area of traditional Chinese medicine and surgery.Current research hotspots mainly focus on diagnosis and treatment of LDH.Non-operative treatments of English-language studies inc
27、luding epidural injections(241),steroids(120)and other therapies,Chinese-language studies mainly about Chinese medicine therapy,including tuina(2,564),acupuncture(1,565),Chinese herb(791)and et.al.(2)Meta-analysis:We retrieved 40,022 studies,then screened 29,541 studies after removing duplicated lit
28、eratures.Among 58 included studies,twenty eight percent reported the follow up duration,and seventeen percent reported the blinding.The meta-analysis showed:NSAIDs were not as effective as traditional Chinese medicine(VAS:MD 1.33,95%CI 0.81 to 1.84)and physiotherapy(VAS:MD 1.25,95%CI 0.72 to 1.78)in
29、 improving symptoms of LDH;the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse event was 11%(95%CI 3%to 18%),the rash was 5%(95%CI 1%to 10%).Physiotherapy 万方数据 VI improved symptoms of LDH better than placebo(VAS:MD-1.07,95%CI-2.13 to-0.01;RMDQ:MD-1.80,95%CI-2.98 to-0.62;SF-36:no statistical difference),but no
30、t as effective as electroacupuncture(VAS:MD 1.60,95%CI 0.67 to 2.53;ODI:MD 9.08,95%CI 3.78 to 14.38),traction(VAS:MD 0.91,95%CI 0.2 1to 1.61;ODI:MD 1.80,95%CI 0.05 to 3.55)and Reiki therapy(VAS:MD 2.25,95%CI 1.62 to 2.88;IADL:no statistical difference),there was no significant difference with exerci
31、se therapy.Epidural injection diprospan/prednisone was more effective than high intensity laser(VAS:MD-0.69,95%CI-1.21 to-0.17)/lumbar oblique manipulation(VAS:MD-0.83,95%CI-1.23 to-0.43),there was no significant difference between epidural injection dexamethasone/methylprednisolone and acupotomy/ke
32、toprofen;Epidural steroid injection combine with routine treatment was more effective than routine treatment(VAS:MD-2.74,95%CI-3.92 to-1.57).Pregabalin combined with NSAIDs improved symptoms of LDH more significantly than NSAIDs alone(VAS:MD-0.31,95%CI-0.42 to-0.19;VAS sleep quality:MD-10.80,95%CI-1
33、9.16 to-2.44;VAS lower limb numbness:MD-2.60,95%CI-2.75 to-2.45),the RR of hypersomnia was 9.02(95%CI 1.70 to 47.82).The effect of mecobalamin in improving the symptoms of LDH was inferior to sticking of needle(VAS:MD 0.60,95%CI 0.08 to 1.12)and Bushen Huoxue Decoction(VAS:MD 0.96,95%CI 0.59 to 1.33
34、;JOA:MD-1.29,95%CI-1.83 to-0.75;ODI:MD 3.15,95%CI 2.04 to 4.26).The effect of sodium aescinate on improving LDH symptoms was more obvious than ibuprofen(VAS:MD-1.80,95%CI-2.51 to-1.09;JOA:MD 6.54,95%CI 6.22 to 6.86),intravenous mannitol and dexamethasone provided better immediate pain relief than di
35、osmin tablets(VAS:MD-0.48,95%CI-0.62 to-0.34).(3)Evidence-based practice guideline:Based on 41 systematic reviews and above meta-analysis,a total of 19 recommendations were made based on 14 clinical problem.The Delphi method was adopted to conduct consensus among 17 experts,and 17 valid questionnair
36、es were collected,65%of the consensus experts judged recommendations based on clinical experience and evidence,59%of experts were familiar with the GRADE system,the agreement rates of recommendations ranged from 71%to 100%,and the median rate was 88%.We modified the recommendations according to the
37、comments of experts,and formed the 19 recommendations of“Evidence-based practice guidelines of non-operative treatment for lumbar disc herniation”.Conclusions(1)The trend of Chinese-and English-language researches on non-万方数据 VII operative treatment for LDH has decreased in recent two years.Traditio
38、nal Chinese medicine,which has attracted much attention in Chinese-language studies,appeared less frequently in English-language studies.In addition,studies should be further clarified the mechanism of non-operative treatment for LDH in the future.(2)Low to medium quality of evidence showed that NSA
39、IDs,physiotherapy,steroids,ionic channel regulator,neurotrophic agent and dehydrant were effective in the treatment of LDH.The limitations of current studies were low quality and short follow-up duration,and more high-quality RCTs were needed in the future to investigate the effectiveness and safety
40、 of non-operative treatment for LDH.(3)This study formed the recommendations of“Evidence-based practice guidelines of non-operative treatment for lumbar disc herniation”through the normative process of guideline formulation.However,most recommendations were based on low-quality evidence,we suggested
41、 researchers carry out high-quality RCT,and verify the effectiveness and safety of psychological intervention therapy,muscle relaxants and opioids in the treatment of LDH.Keywords:Lumbar disc herniation,Non-operative treatment,Bibliometric analysis,Meta-analysis,Evidence-based practice guideline 万方数
42、据 VIII 目目 录录 摘要.I Abstract.IIV 第一章 绪论.1 1.1 腰椎间盘突出症的流行病学特征.1 1.2 腰椎间盘突出症的治疗现况.2 1.2.1 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的研究现况.2 1.2.2 手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的研究现况.7 1.3 研究目的与意义.8 1.4 研究内容.8 1.5 研究技术路线.9 第二章 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的文献计量学分析.10 2.1 研究背景.10 2.2 研究方法.10 2.2.1 文献检索.10 2.2.2 纳入与排除标准.11 2.2.3 统计分析.11 2.3 研究结果.11 2.3.1 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间
43、盘突出症相关研究的发文量、时间和期刊分布.11 2.3.2 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症相关研究的国家、机构、作者及研究领域分布.12 2.3.3 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症相关研究的关键词分布.23 2.3.4 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的高被引文章.25 万方数据 IX 2.4 讨论.27 2.5 小结.27 第三章 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症有效性与安全性的系统评价.28 3.1 研究背景.28 3.2 研究方法.28 3.2.1 检索策略.28 3.2.2 纳入与排除标准.29 3.2.3 结局指标.29 3.2.4 文献筛选与资料提取.30 3.2.5 质量评价.30 3.2.
44、6 统计分析.31 3.3 研究结果.31 3.3.1 文献筛选流程及结果.31 3.3.2 纳入研究的基本特征和质量评价结果.32 3.3.3 Meta 分析结果.35 3.3.4 证据质量的 GRADE 评价.73 3.4 讨论.73 3.5 小结.74 第四章 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证实践指南.75 4.1 研究背景.75 4.2 指南制订方法.76 4.2.1 成立指南工作组.76 4.2.2 管理利益冲突.76 4.2.3 明确指南使用者与目标人群.76 4.2.4 临床问题调研、遴选与确定.76 万方数据 X 4.2.5 检索、评价与证据分级.77 4.2.6 推荐意见的
45、形成.78 4.2.7 推荐意见共识与确定.78 4.2.8 指南文稿的形成与外审.80 4.2.9 指南的传播、实施与评价.80 4.3 研究结果.80 4.4 讨论.83 4.5 小结.83 第五章 结论和展望.84 5.1 结论.84 5.2 创新性.84 5.3 展望.85 参考文献.86 附 录.100 缩略语表.115 在学期间的研究成果.116 致 谢.118 万方数据兰州大学硕士学位论文 非手术疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的循证研究 1 第一章第一章 绪论绪论 1.1 腰椎间盘突出症的流行病学特征 腰椎间盘突出指腰椎间盘部分组织局部性移位超过椎间盘的正常边缘,突出的组织可以是软骨终板
46、、纤维环、髓核,或是它们的任意组合,但并不一定引起临床症状。当突出的腰椎间盘组织压迫(或)刺激神经根、马尾神经而出现腰痛、神经根疼痛、下肢麻木无力、下肢放射痛、大小便功能障碍等临床表现时,称为腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar Disc Herniation,LDH)1。根据临床表现及视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)可对 LDH 进行疾病分期,急性期临床表现为腰腿痛剧烈,活动受限明显,不能站立、行走,肌肉痉挛,VAS 评分7 分;缓解期临床表现为腰腿疼痛缓解,活动好转,但仍有疼痛,VAS 评分7 分且4分;康复期表现为腰腿疼痛症状基本消失,但有腰腿乏力,不能长时间
47、站立、行走,VAS 评分50%并且P75%并且 P25 56.0 6.34 1.53 6.82 1.21 NR 于训意,2015 205 中国 洛索洛芬钠(3w)身痛逐瘀汤(3w)60/60 48.3 38.0 5.9 7.4 NR NR NR 朱长江,2015 211 中国 布洛芬(4w)电针+独活寄生汤(4w)120/120 60.0 42.7 4.3 28.9 2.34 0.05 2.35 0.04 NR 张家富,2017 208 中国 双氯芬酸钠(3w)除痹逐瘀汤(3w)40/40 52.5 59.6 3.6 26.1 7.70 1.56 7.69 1.60 NR 郭中华,2017 1
48、94 中国 依托考昔(4w)除痹逐瘀汤+依托考昔(4w)除痹逐瘀汤(4w)64/64;64 50.5 37.4 6.8 66.8 5.97 1.81 6.27 1.70 6.34 1.57 NR 杨卫华,2017 204 中国 塞来昔布(2.9w)独活寄生汤(2.9w)19/19 65.8 67.7 1.3 109.2 NRS:7.99 0.71 NRS:7.96 1.04 NR 袁冬,2018 206 中国 双氯芬酸钠(8w)除痹逐瘀汤+双氯芬酸(8w)除痹逐瘀汤(8w)76/76;76 50.4 48.9 5.2 58.0 NR NR 6m 王玉侠,2018 201 中国 双氯芬酸钠(4w
49、)补肾活血汤(4w)46/47 55.9 44.1 7.8 NR 7.87 1.32 7.54 1.65 NR 张昊,2018 207 中国 美洛昔康(4w)蒸敷方湿热敷+伸筋活血汤合剂(4w)35/35 35.7 47.5 11.1 NR 7.40 1.30 7.40 1.10 NR Jahantiqh F,2018 188 伊朗 吲 哚 美 辛+甲 醇(1w)常规理疗(1w)灵气疗法(1w)20/20;20 40.0 45.4 11.4 NR 8.4 1.53 7.75 1.48 8.20 1.36 NR Xiu-wu HU,2019 187 中国 双氯芬酸钠(4w)针灸(4w)长蛇灸(4
50、w)31/31;28 46.7 39.6 6.7 9.7 7.38 1.02 6.75 1.18 7.22 1.14 NR 曾婷婷,2020 190 中国 塞来昔布(12w)针刺(12w)背部膀胱经挑刺(12w)30/30;30 50.0 44.2 9.0 33.1 6.43 1.38 6.40 0.97 6.40 1.28 NR 张丽萍,2020 209 中国 塞来昔布(2w)针刀(2w)针刺(2w)60/60;60 48.9 50.6 11.8 NR 8.32 1.37 8.28 1.01 8.31 1.17 NR 李怡良,2020 196 中国 雷 火 灸+布 洛 芬(4w)雷火灸+腰痛