中考英语阅读方法.doc

阅读方法

理解一篇文章，首先要明白单词意思，然后是句子，然后是文章主题、篇章结构、作者观点，最后是例子、分析等细节。
首先是单词意思，这个只能靠平时积累词汇，但是也不一定要认识文章中的每个单词，不懂的生词可以从上下文推断。但是有些句子，每个单词的意思都知道，整个句子的意思却一点都读不通。或者每个句子大概意思都明白，但是整篇文章却把握不了。这就需要我们掌握正确的阅读方法。

一、句子——长难句分析
文章中出现套了一层甚至两三层的长难句，会非常影响我们的理解。出现长难句的时候，我们不应慌张，只需要冷静分析句子结构，搞清句子成分之间的关系，就能清晰地梳理整个句子的意思。

2011年河南省中考B篇
The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.

( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?
A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep.
C. At night. D. During the deep sleep.

Ÿ 阅读在句子层面的障碍
1.含义的理解
2.语序的确定

句子
1、简单句
2、复合句

简单句是只有一套主谓结构的句子
基本句型5种：
1. SVP 主谓
2. SVi 主系表
3. SV+O 主谓宾
4. SV+O1+O2 主谓双宾
5. SV+O+O2 主谓宾补
基本句型 ＋定语
＋状语
＋同位语
＋插入语
－>复杂句

u 定语从句
1. 关系代词引导定语从句: that, which, who, whom, whose( 其中that, which, who, whom引导的是非完整句, whose 引导的是完整句-主干完整)
2. 关系连词（非关系副词）: when, where, why在句子中不作成分, 引导的是完整句
3. 介词+关系代词（不会相当于关系副词）: in which, on which , with which, 没有in that(这个只能等同于Because)，此关系代词不包括what
This is a desk on which there is a book. 跟完整句，相当于状语。
This is Tom with whom I can solve the problem.

l 非简单句的障碍来源
如何拆解为若干个简单句的集合
按照什么顺序来理解拆解后的简单句集

l 非简单句的障碍解决方案
n 找关联词
u 关联词
连词
关系代词
标点符号 ——冒号和句号

The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.

2011年河南省中考 A篇

When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.

When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do now.

I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire.

2011年河南省中考B篇

Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.

You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.

1. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport.

2. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.

3. It is true that during their explorations they often face difficulties and dangers of most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder(颤栗) at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

n 句子之间的关联方式
u 并列
l 并列连词的用法
并列连词的用法: 并列连词连接结构\功能\性质均相同的成分----必须完全对等
for and nor but or yet so

u 嵌套
l 常见的复杂句形式
①宾语从句----S+V+THAT+句子(完整句)
S+V+WHAT+句子(非完整句)，引导名词从句
表语从句----S+系动词+表语+句子
②主语从句----That /What+句子+ V
③特殊的定语/同位语从句 N+ that +句子+ 同位语(完整句)
定语从句(非完整句)
S + Vi + that+ 句子: The sun rises that is bright.
S + be + adj + that + 句子: The desk is clean that is used by the student(定语从句);
The fact is true that Tom is handsome(同位语从句).
④状语从句——时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句

n 层次化句子阅读方法
u 层次化结构的表示形式

并列＋嵌套的树形结构

任意非简单句都可以表示成层次化结构。
括号匹配法：关联词——动词——括号——主干
画左括号的条件： 出现连接句子的关联词时：
1. (关联词＋非完整句 2. 关联词＋(完整句
画右括号的条件： 1.句子终结
－终结的标点符号(冒号，感叹号，分号，破折号)
－后续内容与当前句无关
2.连接句子的并列连词之前或标点符号前

The important position (that best shows your secret personality) is the one that (you go to sleep).

2011年河南省中考 A篇

When (my son, Mark, was in the third grade), he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents.

When (you help others), I know that (you will feel as good about it) as (I do now).

I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and I tell her that (four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets and clothes for the homeless people in the fire).

2011年河南省中考B篇

Everyone has got two personalities —the one (that is shown to the world) and the other (that is secret and real).

You don’t show your secret personality when (you’re awake) because (you can control yourself), but when (you’re asleep), your sleeping position shows the real you.

练习：
2009河南省中考A篇
Can you imagine (what you could have been )if (you had an email)?
2009河南省中考B篇
In the UK, most children have their lunches at school, but in some schools, parents can choose (what their children eat).

The children can have a school dinner – a hot cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, (which includes cold food like sandwiches).

We used to have a fast food window where (you got chips and coke), but they stopped that this year.

There’s a salad restaurant, (which is good), so it’s healthier than it was.

2011年河北省中考C篇
Some people come to your life and you know at once that (they were sure to be there).

But you know that (every moment they will affect your life in some serious way).

Enjoy every day, even every moment and take it from everything (that you possibly can take), for you may never be able to experience it again.

2011年江西省中考A篇
You can guess (how I feel )when （he pointed to a train ）(that was just moving out of the station).
2011年江西省中考D篇
I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that (you will eat up in 15 minutes if (I let you) ).
2011年广西桂林市中考B篇
During his visit, he said that (farmers’ right（权利）must be protected) and he warned(警告) that (no land should ever be taken against a farmer’s will(意愿) ).

2011年广西桂林市中考D篇
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (电子产品) as they study.

They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.

Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary (没必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work.

2011年北京中考A篇
We enjoy talking about the funny things we did when we were children, and tell the same stupid jokes over and over again.

Some people may wonder why Linda and I are best friends because we totally different, but I think this is why we are such good friends.

2011年北京中考B篇
When they have finished filming and taking photographs for the day, they have dinner and Dereck usually writes while Beverly looks at her photographs.

2011年北京中考D篇
If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework.

Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.

Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language.

And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way.

I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.

2011年湖北黄冈市中考第1篇
“Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who run,” said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.

Take a hiding-place where you are rather than run, unless you are sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds.

2011年湖北黄冈市中考第2篇
I must do my best in school because how well I do will influence where I go after this school year is over and it can affect the rest of my life.

篇章结构

阅读考点：
1、事实信息
2、主旨内涵
文章分类
1、记叙文——时间、地点、人物、事情
2、议论文——逻辑观点
3、说明文——事实信息

文章结构
顺承式：时间及时间发展线索（线型结构）
分类式：分类方式及类型特征（树型结构）

阅读障碍 慢
不准确
解决方案：边读边做笔记
记叙文：时间画横线、地点画波浪线、人物画圈

议论文：主旨句画括号

2011年河南省中考
A
When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no."
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
( ) 46. When did the story probably happen?
A. On Christmas Day. B. Before Christmas Day.
C. On New Year’s Day. D. After New Year’s Day.
( ) 47. When they got to the supermarket, Mark went in .
A. with the writer B. by himself
C. with the woman D. with his friends
( ) 48. What happened to Mark in the supermarket?
A. His gifts were stolen. B. He broke his basket.
C. He lost his money. D. He lost his way.

B
Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.

( ) 52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?
A. In the daytime. B. At the beginning of sleep.
C. At night. D. During the deep sleep.
( ) 53. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep _______.
A. on curled up B. on her stomach
C. on her back D. on her side
( ) 55. What does the passage tell us?
A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.
B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.
C. Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.
D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.

文章主旨题
文章主旨=首段（末段）+关键词

1、The best title for this passage...
A
When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, I know you will feel as good about it as I do no."
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mm-k enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say "thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
( ) 50. What’s the best title for this passage?
A. A big supermarket B. A kind woman
C. A happy family D. A wonderful gift
2010年河南中考

（ ）50.What is the best title of this passage?
A. My daydream B. My father’s son
C. My famous father D. My happy family
2009年河南中考

2008河南中考
B
　　People know the dangers of fires.It’s good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.Here are some suggestions.
　　Put a smoke alarm in the house.Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off.The alarm makes a loud sound.The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
　　Make escape(逃脱)plans.They should know all the ways out of the house.If there is a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out.Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
　　Buy fire extinguishers(灭火