听力 unit 1 文本.doc

UNIT 1
Listening and Translation
TAPESCRIPT AND KEY
1. A college education can be very costly in the United States.
2. Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for college.
3. There are different federal loans and private loans for students.
4. Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st.
5.There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt.

Listen to some sentences and translate them into Chinese. You will hear each sentence three times.
.2.
Part 1 Dialogue Social Grouping

TAPESCRIPT AND KEY

Interviewer: Right. You're talking about social groupings here. Could you tell us something about the ways animals form into groups?
Nike Down: Yes. Er, many, many animals are very solitary* animals. The only times they get together is when they mate, or when they're bringing up their young. The majority of animals are solitary, but a very significant group of mammals and insects, like ant and termites*, bees and wasps are very social and they group together because in group it's much safer. You can defend yourself more easily if you're in a group, you can find males more easily if you're in a group, and you can change the world around you by working with the others if you live in a group. Solitary animals have a much more difficult time in many ways.
Interviewer: You mentioned lions and other carnivores* earlier on. Do they group very much?
Nike Down: Yes. Most cats in fact don't group. Er, lions and, to a lesser extent, cheetahs* are the only cats that group together. A group of lions is called a pride*, and you might get anything up to 15 or 20 lions in a pride. A pride of lions would have perhaps two or three males, perhaps a dozen females, and then the cubs. But the real lion group consists of females with their cubs. The males tend to stay for a few years and then they get kicked out by a group of younger males that come in and take over.
Interviewer: And how about the apes?
Nike Down: Ah, well, now you're talking about the group of animals that we belong to. Apes--some apes --live in very, very big and complicated social groups. Not all. Orangutans, for example, big apes that live in Indonesia and Malaysia - they're very solitary animal and one adult may meet another adult only once every two or three years, when a male and a female mate, and then, the only relationship will be between a mother and her baby. The baby will stay with the mother for two or three years, four years, five years even, learning from the mother, learning what sorts of foods to eat, what the signs of danger are, and then when the baby grows up, off it'll go, and live its own solitary life. The reason why orangutans are solitary is because there's not very much food in a forest and if there was a big group of orangutans, all the food would just run out. But, leaving Asia and going to Africa, then you find very social apes. Now, gorillas, for example. Gorillas live in unimale* groups. They used to be called harems*, but the technical term is unimale because there's one male within the group; one male, and then around him will be anything up to six, seven, eight, nine females, plus all the babies. And that one male in the group is the silverback gorilla, and he's much bigger and stronger than the others. He's got silvery fur on his back and the others won't challenge him and he'll lead the group slowly through the forest, settling down every night and moving on the next day, finding food. So that's a unimale group. But if you move a little bit further west into West Africa, you'll start to come across chimpanzees. Now they're a bit smaller than gorillas. They spend a lot of time in the trees, whereas gorillas are down on the ground. And chimpanzees are much more closely related to us than they are to gorillas. They're our closest living relatives. Now chimps* live in multi male groups; in other words, you'll get; oh, anything up to six, seven, eight males, then you'll get two or three times that number of females - a dozen, two dozen females - plus all the youngsters, so we're talking about groups that can be as big as 40 or 50 or even 60. Now a chimpanzee group - multi male group - is a very flexible type of group. It constantly splits into smaller groups. Off they go for a few days, back they come, reform, break up again. And within that group the males tend to hang around the outside, protecting the group, fighting off rival males that might want to come in and mate with the females, but they tend to come and go to some extent. The ongoing core of the chimpanzee group consists of females with their young and sometimes sisters will actually work together to bring up their young collectively. Yes, so apes are very, very social animals indeed.

Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1.A 2. C 3.D 4. C 5. B 6.C 7. B 8. A

Community Colleges
TAPESCRIPT AND KEY

1. Great challenges faced the Unites States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition.
2. During the same period, the country's rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities.
3. It offered a program of solid academics as well as a variety of student activities.
4. A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women, attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers.
5. The breadth of programming and the variety of students' goals make it difficult to accurately quantify community college performance.

1. Great challenges faced the United States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition. National and local leaders realized that a more skilled workforce was key to the country's continued economic strength, a need that called for a dramatic increase in college attendance. Yet three-quarters of high school graduates were choosing not to further their education, in part because they were reluctant to leave home for a distant college.
2. During the same period, the country's rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities. It was common for them to add a teacher institute, manual learning (vocational education) division or citizenship school to the diploma program. The high school-based community college* was the most successful type of addition. Meanwhile, small, private colleges had fashioned an effective model of higher education grounded on the principles of small classes, close student-faculty relations and a program that included both academics and extracurricular activities.
3. From the combination of these traditions emerged the earliest community colleges, roughly balanced in number between private and public control but united in their commitment to meet local needs. The typical early community college was small, rarely enrolling more than 150 students. It nevertheless offered a program of solid academics as well as a variety of student activities.
4. A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women, attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers. In such states as Missouri, which did not yet require K-8* teachers to have a bachelor's degree, it was common for more than 60 percent of community college students to be women, virtually all of them preparing to be teachers.
5. Community colleges are centers of educational opportunity. More than 100 years ago, this unique, American invention put publicly funded higher education at close-to-home facilities and initiated* a practice of welcoming all who desire to learn, regardless of wealth, heritage or previous academic experience. Today, the community college continues the process of making higher education available to a maximum number of people at 1,166 public and independent community colleges.
6. The breadth of programming and the variety of students' goals make it difficult to accurately quantify* community college performance. Unlike four-year colleges, where attainment of a bachelor's degree is the implicit* goal of students, community college students do not share a common goal beyond self-improvement.
7. Research shows that education pays. Students who complete associate degrees* and certificates are more likely to move into higher-status management and professional positions with higher earnings. An investment of a few thousand dollars now will likely pay lifelong dividends*, as students who earn associate degrees average lifetime earnings of $250,000 more than people without degrees.
8. But success at community colleges must be broadly defined to include not just those who attain associate degrees and those who earn certificates, but also the millions who take noncredit and workforce training classes.

Exercise A Pre-listening Question
In the United States the terms "college" and "university" can describe a variety of institutions. college may form one major division of a university, offering programs in a specific academic that lead to undergraduate or graduate degrees, or both. Colleges may also be independent of a university, offering four-year programs of general education that lead to a bachelor's degree in the liberal arts and sciences. Universities generally comprise various colleges and professional schools make up the academic divisions of the institution. Universities provide higher education leading bachelor's degree as well as professional and graduate programs leading to master's and doctoral degrees.
Community colleges offer two-year programs of general education or vocational education.

Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.

Exercise C Detailed Listening
Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.

F 1. The leaders of the US realized that a skilled workforce was needed in the country's key economic sectors. (National and local leaders realized that a more skilled workforce was key to the country's continued economic strength.)
F 2. Three-quarters of high school graduates could not further their education because there were not enough higher education facilities available in the early 20th century.' (Yet three-quarters of high school graduates were choosing not to further their education, in part because they were reluctant to leave home for a distant college.)
T 3. It was common for public high schools to add a teacher institute, manual learning division or citizenship school to the diploma program in the early 20th century. (During the same period ... public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities. It was common for them to add a teacher institute, manual learning division or citizenship school to the diploma program.)
T 4. During the same time, small, private colleges had formed an effective model of higher education based on the principles of small classes and close student-faculty relations. (Meanwhile, small, private colleges had fashioned an effective model of higher education grounded on the principles of small classes, close student-faculty relations ... )
F 5. The typical early community college rarely enrolled over 115 students. (The typical early community college was small, rarely enrolling more than 150 students.)
T 6. Community colleges were good places for women to get education needed to be primary school teachers. (In such states as Missouri, which did not yet require K-8 teachers to have a bachelor's degree, it was common for more than 60 percent of community college students to be women, virtually all of them preparing to be teachers.)
T 7. Community colleges, which appeared a century ago, make it possible for anyone who wants to learn to get publicly funded higher education close to their homes. (More than 100 years ago, this unique, American invention put publicly funded higher education at c1ose-to-home facilities and initiated a practice of welcoming all who desire to learn, regardless of wealth, heritage or previous academic experience.)
F 8. The success of community colleges can be defined as granting students associate degrees or certificates they need to find a job. (But success at community colleges must be broadly defined to include not just those who attain associate degrees and those who earn certificates, but also the millions who take noncredit and workforce training classes.)

Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

1. Research shows that education pays. Students who complete associate degrees and certificates are more likely to move into higher-status management and professional positions with higher earnings. An investment of a few thousand dollars now will likely pay lifelong dividends, as students who earn associate degrees average lifetime earnings of $250.000 more than people without degrees.
2. (Open)

News Item 1

TAPESCIPT AND KEY
China's wasted no time in setting out the latest plans for its ambitious space program. A senior official said the next manned mission will be in 2007, when the astronauts will attempt a space walk. After that, scientists will focus on developing the capability to rendezvous* and dock* with other spacecraft. He added that China also wanted to recruit female astronauts in the near future.
The announcement comes just hours after the country's second manned space mission touched down in the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The returning astronauts have been given a hero's welcome, riding in an open car in a nationally televised parade. Thousands of soldiers and groups of schoolchildren lined the route, waving Chinese flags. It's a sign of the great importance China attaches to its space program, viewing it as a source of national pride and international prestige.

Exercise A: Listen to the news and complete the summary.
This news item is about China’s ambitious space program.

Exercise B: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.

China's second manned space mission
1. Landing spot: In the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia
2. Significance: A source of national pride and international prestige
Future plan
1. The next manned mission
1) Time: 2007
2) Goal: The astronauts will attempt a space walk.
2. Focus of further development: The capability to rendezvous and dock with other spacecrafts
3. Recruitment of astronauts: To recruit female astronauts in the near future

News Items 2

TAPESCRPT AND KEY

The Russian President Vladimir Putin is due to arrive in Japan shortly for talk