Unit-4-Book-1-综合课参考答案.doc

Unit 4 Book 1 The first period ( 综合课参考答案)
Task1
一 Go through the text in p.26 and finish the following tasks:
A 浏览课本,在字典中按照课文中的相关意思,找到所给词汇的英语解释和一个例句.如无例句则自己造句。
1 rise
p. 1502 means: v. to come or go upwards; to reach a higher level or position上升,攀升.提高: eg; 1) Smoke was rising from the chimney.
2) The river has risen (by ) several metres.
课本 p.26 第1段第2;行, For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.
2 destroy
p. 402 means: to damage sth so badly that it no longer exists, works etc.摧毁,毁灭,破坏
eg1): The building was completely destroyed by fire.这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了.
课本 p.26 第3段第2;行Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed
3 injure
p.909. means: to harm yourself or sb else physically in an accident (尤指在事故中)伤害,使受伤.
eg:1) He injured his knee playing hockey.他打曲棍球时膝盖受了伤.
:2)Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.
课本 p.26 第2段第7行 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
4 harm
p.803 means: to hurt or injure sb or to damage sth 伤害,损害
eg: 1) He would never harm anyone.他永远不会伤害任何人.
2) Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危机海洋生物.
5 damage
p.424 means: to harm or spoil sth/sb 损害;伤害;毁坏
eg: 1)The fire badly damaged the town hall. 火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏.
2) Smoking seriously damages your health.
6 hurt
p. 866 means:
1 to cause physical pain to sb/yourself. ( 使) 疼痛,受伤
eg 1):He hurt his back playing squash.他打壁球时背部受伤了.
2 to make sb unhappy or upset 使不快,使烦恼
eg: 1)What really hurt was that he never answered my letter. 真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信.
2)I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt you.
7 wound ( 补充)
p. 2042 means:
1) to injure part of the body, especially by making a hole in the skin using a weapon (使) 身体) 受伤, (用武器) 伤害
eg: (1) He was wounded in the arm.
(2) About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 在这次攻击中,约有50人受重伤.
2) to hurt sb’s feelings 使( 心灵) 受伤,伤感情
eg:.She felt deeply wounded by his cruel remarks. 他那刻薄的话使她感到深受伤害.
词义辨析 hurt injure，harm， damage，wound,
1) hurt 指“伤害；刺痛” 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上或感情上的伤害, 肉体上的伤痛指含有强烈的疼痛
eg: (1)No feelings were hurt though the criticism was sharp. 批评虽然尖锐，却未伤感情。
(2)The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.
注意：指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly，slightly，seriously等连用；但如果指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
2) injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损失。
eg：She was injured badly in the accident. 事故中她受了伤。
3) harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，,不但可以用于生物也可以用于抽象事物,还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。
It hasn’t harmed you,hasn’t it? He probably meant no harm.
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在暗淡的灯光下看书而伤害了眼睛。
4) damage指损失,损害,(不表伤痛),主要用于物,强调对于价值，用途，外观等所造成的损失，这种损失或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成。
eg：Hundreds of houses were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了数百家房屋。
5) wound指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的，严重的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。
The soldier received two wounds in the battle.
8 shock
p.1607 means: v to surprise and upset sb. 使震惊.使惊愕
eg; 1)It shocked you when something like that happens.
2) We were sll shocked at the news of his death.
课本 p.26 第3段第7;行 People were shocked. ,
B在本单元中找出下列词或短语,要求自己造句,不能造句的同学可抄写课文中的句子,课文注释 或字典中的例句
9 burst, n. 破裂,阵,爆发 v. 爆裂,突发
课本.p.26. 第1段.第7行 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
burst into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来
eg: She burst into tears and ran out of the kitchen.
10 think little of, 不重视,不当回事 课本p.26 第1段 第8行
Think little of 评价很低或不重视 think well/highly/ a lot/ not much/poorly/little of sb/sth 对某人/某事评价高/不高/很低或对某人/某事重视/不重视
eg: His works is highly thought of by most readers.
11 fall asleep 入睡 /be asleep睡着 课本p.26 第1段 第8行
But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these event, were asleep as usual that night. rescue,
eg:He was so tired that he fell asleep at his desk.他太累了竟伏在书桌上睡着了.
eg:The baby was sound asleep (=sleeping deeply) upstairs. 婴儿在楼上睡得很香
12 as if 仿佛,好像p.26 第2段 第9行
eg: It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了.
13 at an end. 结束; 终结p.26 第2段 第9行
It seemed as if the world was at an end.. 似乎世界的末日到来了
eg:The war was finally at an end. 战争最后结束了.
比较: at the end of 在……的结尾;在……的末端 by the end of 到……末为止
in the end 最后,终于
14 in ruins 废墟 (严重受损,破败不堪.) 第14 行
课本 p.26.第2段 第6行 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
eg:An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 地震让整个城市论为废墟.
15 the number of, ……的数目 The number of sb./sth reached/reaches…
课本 p.26.第2段 第16行
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
eg: The number of the injured in the car accident was 17.
16 be gone 不复存在, 一去不复返 课本.p.26 第3段 第20行
All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone
17 instead of 代替某人,某事 p.26. 第3段 第 24行
Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
eg Let’s play cards instead of watching television. 我们来玩牌吧.,别看电视了.:
18 wonder, 想知道 课本 p.26 3段 第27行
People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
19 All hope was not lost. all not 课本p.26. 第4段 第29行
All hope was not lost. 并非所有的希望都失去了。
这是典型的“部分否定”句。
在英语里有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如all, every (及everybody, everything等)，both, always, quite, wholly, entirely, altogether, completely等，凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定。如：
1). Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。
2). Money is not everything. 金钱并非万能。
从上面例子中可以看出部分否定有下列两种形式：
1) 直接把否定词not 放在被否定词之前。如：
2). Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
3). Not both children are clever. 两个孩子并不都聪明。
4). He doesn’t quite understand. 他并非全部理解。
5) We are not altogether interested. 我们并不完全感兴趣。
2 用not 来否定谓语。如：
1). I can’t catch everything in the book. 我没有完全掌握书中的内容。
2). All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
20 thousands of 上千的 课本p.26 4 段 第30行
Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
eg: Men have been making music for thousands of years. 人类创作音乐已有数千年历史。
21 organize 组织 p.26 第4段 第31行
eg They planned to organize a scientific expedition. 他们计划组织一次科学考察。
22 dig out 掘出;发现p.26 第4段 第32行
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead
eg: It is not easy to dig out the past. 发掘过去的历史是不容易的。
23 to the north of the city, 在….的北面课本 p.26.第4段 第 33 行
介词 in，on，to 都可以用来表示某个位置的方向，它们的意义不同，故表示的方向及范围也不同：
1 in 表示方位，含义是“在……之内”，即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围(疆域)之内。例如： China is in the east of Asia.
中国在亚洲东部。(中国是亚洲的一个国家，处于亚洲的范围之内)
Guilin is in the north of Guangxi. 桂林在广西北部。(桂林是广西的一座城市)
Taiwan lies in the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。(台湾是中国东部的一个省份，是中国的领土，在中国的疆域之内)
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。(上海是中国的一个行政区域，在中国的疆域之内)
The plant can be seen only in the north of Canada. 那种植物只有在加拿大北部才看得到。(暗指这种植物只生长在加拿大北部地区)
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
说明：表示某个地方的地理位置时，be，lie 以及 be located 的意义是一样的，可以互换使用。
2. on 表示方位，含义是“在……端/边”，即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边，两个地方只是相邻或接壤，却互不管辖。例如：
Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi.
广东省在广西的东南边。(广东省与广西在地理位置上是连在一起的，即两者相邻，却互不管辖)
China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋。(中国与太平洋相邻)
The country is bounded on the west by the sea.
那个国家西边与海接界。(暗指该国为沿海国家)
Sichuan Province is on the north of Guizhou Province.
四川省在贵州省的北边。(四川省与贵州省在地理上也是连在一起的，但互不管辖)
3. to 表示方位，含义是“在……面”，即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外，互不管辖。尤其当两个地方相隔较远，且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔时，通常用 to。例如：
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面。(日本在中国范围之外，且有日本海分隔)
Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian Province.
台湾在福建省的东南面。(台湾在福建省的范围之外，且两者之间有台湾海峡分隔)
Jinzhou is to the west of Shenyang.
锦州在沈阳的西面。(锦州和沈阳分别为两座城市，地理位置上互不相连，也互不管辖)
　　There is a beautiful park to the east of the station. 车站东面有一座景色宜人的公园。
　　4. 把河流、山脉、铁路等事物当做两地的分界线或基点，且不说明河流、山脉、铁路等是属于哪一方，通常使用介词 to，译为“以……(方向)”。此外，表示一个地方离另一个地方有多远，也用 to。例如：
Land to the east of the Urals is called Asia； land to the west， Europe.
乌拉尔山脉以东的陆地称为亚洲；以西的陆地称为欧洲。
The village lies to the south of the hill. 那座村庄在山的南面。
The little town lies about one hundred miles to the west of Guilin.
那座小城镇位于桂林以西约一百公里远的地方。
　　试比较：
The church is located to the south of the city. 那座教堂在本市的南面。(该教堂在本市范围之外)
The church is located in the south of the city. 那座教堂在本市的南部。(该教堂在本市范围之内)
24 rescue 援救,营救 课本 p.26.第4段 34行
To the north of the city, most of the 10.000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
eg: He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他从桥上跳入水中去救溺水儿童。
rescue…from 从……中营救
eg: They rescued her from the flood. 他们把她从洪水中救了出来.
25 right away 立刻,马上 课本p.25 Pre-reading 第1行
eg: I will set off right away. 我将立刻出发。
26 a great number of 许多,大量 课本p.27. Comprehending 第4行
eg: Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
eg: A number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
Task 2: Sentence patterns
1. 好像他的事业就快要结束了。(It seems/ seemed that…, at an end)
It seems that his career is at an end.
2. 据报道，我们市吸烟人数已达到100万。(It is reported that…, the number of, reach)
It is reported that the number of smokers in our city has reached one million.
3. 我想知道这些幸存者是如何被营救的。(wonder, survivor, rescue)
I wondered how the survivors were rescued.
4. 百分之六十的旅客宁愿住在窗朝南的房间。(用定语从句）
Sixty percent of the travelers prefer to live in the rooms whose windows face south.
5. 他的工作丢了，但并非所有美好的希望都破灭了。(be gone, not all)
His job was gone but not all the hope was lost.
6. 学校将组织学生在操场周围挖一条水沟并植树.(organize, dig out )
The school will organize the students to dig out a channel and plant trees around the playground.
7. 消防员没有多考虑个人的安危,像平常一样将困在大火中的人员援救出来.(think little of, rescue, be trapped in) The firefighters thought little of their personal safety and as usual rescued the people who were trapped in the fire.
8. 中国东临太平洋, 有着13亿的人口.(on the east, with )
China, with a population of 1.3 billion, faces the Pacific on the east.
9. 营救人员累得不想再动, 并在废墟中睡着了.(too…to…, fall asleep , in the ruins)
The rescuers were too tired to move and fell asleep in the ruins.
10. 他顿时泪水夺眶而出，冲出门外寻求帮助。(burst, rush out )
Task 3: Memorize the phrases & sentences above
Task 4: Try to understand the meaning of the text.
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