M6U3知识点.doc

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疏导引导
一、词汇详解
1.accumulate vt.&vi. 积聚；积累；搜集
【典型例句】
He has accumulated a fortune.
他积蓄了一笔财产。
Snow accumulated to a depth of five feet.
积雪厚达5英尺。
【相关链接】
accumulate指逐渐地，经过一段时间增加堆积或蓄积，一般无明显意图；collect为了某种目的而“收集”；gather把分散的东西归拢在一起。
活学巧用
1.用accumulate,collect及gather的适当形.完成句子
1）He likes____________ the stamps.
2)When autumn comes,the farmers are busy____________ crops.
3)I____________ a lot of rare books over the years.
答案：1）collecting　2)gathering　3)have accumulated
2.celebration n. 庆祝；庆典
【典型例句】
There was a celebration for him yesterday.
昨天这里有一场为他举办的庆典。
in celebration of 为庆祝……；为纪念……
birthday celebration 生日庆祝活动
hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动
【相关链接】
celebrate vt. 庆祝；庆贺；纪念；颂扬；赞美
celebrate 表“庆祝；庆贺”时，是及物动词，其宾语只能是表事物的词（如：节日、生日、胜利、成功或事件等）而不可以是人或that从句。
congratulate表“庆贺”时，只接人作宾语，句型是congratulate sb. (on sth.);在表示“祝贺”时，口语只用congratulations。
2.单项选择
(1)All the teachers and students____________ National Day with a party.
A.celebrated on　
B.celebrated
C.congratulated on　　　
D.congratulated
提示:题意为“全体师生举行了一个晚会庆祝国庆节”。celebrate是“庆祝，庆贺（节日、生日、胜利等）”，是一个及物动词，而congratulated是人作宾语。
答案：B
3.adjust vi.&vt. 调整；调节；使适应（新环境）；整理；安顿
【典型例句】
The watch must be adjusted,for it is slow now.
这只手表必须调整一下，因为它现在慢了。
She carefully adjusted her clothes and hair before going out.
她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。
He adjusted himself quickly to the heat of the country.
他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。
【相关链接】
adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的
adjustment n. 调整；调节；评定
3.单项选择
I have made a few minor____________ the seating plan.
A.adjustment in　　　
B.adjustments over
C.adjustment on　　　
D.adjustments to
提示:句意为“我对座次作了一些小调整”。make adjustments to意为“对……作调整”，为习惯搭配。
答案：D
4.anyway adv. 总之；不管怎样；反正；究竟；到底
【典型例句】
Anyway I don’t like him.
总之，我不喜欢他。
It may rain,but anyway(anyhow) I’ll go out.
也许天会下雨，但我无论如何也要出去。
【相关链接】
anyway,anyhow,someway的辨析：
（1）anyway=anyhow可引导让步状语从句，可替换成“in any possible way,in any case”。
(2)anyway和anyhow无比较级和最高级，用于肯定句意为“不管怎样，总之”；用于否定句意为“无论如何”。
（3）someway 意为“以某种方.，不知怎么地”。
4.单项选择
1)—Would you like me to help you with the heavy bags?
—I can manage it myself.Thank you___________.
A.though　　　B.someway
C.anyway　　　D.the same way
答案：C
2）I might fail,but____________ I insist on doing it.I don’t mind it.
A.however　　　B.anyhow
C.yet　　　D.meanwhile
答案：B
5.take up 占时间（空间）;开始从事；跟随；拿起；提起
【典型例句】
My mother takes up a job as a teacher.
我妈妈当教师。
In 1919,many Chinese students took up the struggle against Japanese.
1919年许多中国学生起来与日寇作斗争。
The school takes up 300 mu.
这所学校占地300亩。
【知识小结】

【相关链接】
take away 带走
take back 取回；归还
take down取下；写下；记下
take in 吸收
take sth.for granted 认为某事当然
take interest in 对……感兴趣
take office 就职
take pride in 引以为豪
take one’s seat 就座
take place 发生
take one’s place 取代
take it easy 别着急；别紧张
take trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦干某事
【辨析】take up和make up
take up 指“占据空间；占据领地”，而make up则表示“占据某一数目中的一定份额”。
The piano takes up too much room.
钢琴占空间太大。
The class is made up of 56 students.
这个班由56名同学组成。
5.单项选择
1)Soon songs were____________ up in the bus.
A.picked　　　
B.begun
C.raised　　　
D.taken
提示:pick up“捡起，恢复，收听，接送，逐渐学会”；begin 无被动.；raise不与up连用，句意为“不久歌曲在公交车上响起”。
答案：D
2)____________off your bad clothes and____________ on your new ones.
A.Take;take　　　
B.Put;put
C.Take;put　　　
D.Put;take
提示:句意为“脱下你的破衣服换上新的”。take off“脱下”；put off“推迟”；take on“呈现；接管”；put on“穿上”。
答案：C
3)We don’t want to buy a piano,for it____________ so____________.
A.takes up;many rooms
B.makes up;much room
C.takes in;a large room
D.takes up;much room
提示:句意为“我们不想买钢琴，因为它太占地方”。take up “占据”；take in “吸收”;make up“组成”；而room当“空间”讲，是一个不可数名词。
答案：D
6.give out 分发；发出（气味、热等）；公布；发表；用完；耗尽；停止运转
【典型例句】
Fireflies give out light as they fly.
萤火虫飞行时发光。
The teacher gave out the exam papers.
老师将试卷发下去。
The news of the President’s death was given out in a radio broadcast.
总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。
After a month their food supplies gave out.
一个月后他们的食物消耗殆尽。
One of the plane’s engines gave out.
飞机的一个发动机出了故障。
【相关链接】
give up sth./doing sth.放弃；献出；埋头干……；交出；停止
give away 赠送；分发（奖品）；放弃（机会）；泄露；出卖；让步
give off 发（光、蒸汽等）
give in 呈交；上交（=turn in,hand in）；宣布；表示；屈服；让步
give over 移交
give one’s way to 让位于……；被……取代；对……让步
give birth to (a baby) 生产；生育（小孩）
6.1)单项选择
(1)After two days our food____________,and we had to return to camp.
A.gave in　　　B.gave away
C.gave out　　　D.gave up
答案：C
（2）With the result of exam___________,some students jumped with joy and others dropped their heads with sadness.
A.giving out　　　B.given out
C.given off　　　D.giving over
答案：B
2)用适当的介词、副词填空
(1)His loss of temper gave____________ his true feelings.
(2)The young people give____________ their seats to the old men.
(3)We kept inviting her to stay for lunch and finally she gave____________.
答案：(1)away　(2)up　(3)in
7.sign n. 手势;示意的动作v. 签名；打手势
【典型例句】
The president signed his name to the paper.
董事长在文件上签了名。
【相关链接】
traffic sign 交通标志　road signs 路标
signs for (the rest rooms) （厕所等）……的标志
signs of (heart trouble)（心脏病等）……迹象，预兆
sign to sb. to do sth.向某人做手势示意某人干……
sign one’s name/the agreement 签名/协议
7.单项选择
The police____________.
A.signed me to stop
B.signed stop on me
C.signed for stop to me
D.signed to me to stop
提示:sign to sb.to do sth.意为“向某人做手势示意某人干……”。
答案：D
8.request n. 请求；所要求之事；vt. 请求；邀请
【典型例句】
All my requests were granted.
我所要求的事都被应允了。
I have a request to make of you.
我有事求你。
I was requested to attend the school-opening ceremony of my old school.
我应邀参加我母校的开学典礼。
All I request of you is that you should give up smoking.
我只要求你戒烟。
【知识小结】
request sb.to do sth. 请求某人干某事
request sth.of sb. 要求某人干某事
【相关链接】
(1)at one’s request=at the request of sb.应某人请求
(2)by request （前无限定词）依照；请求
(3)request that 从句（should do,should可省去）
(4)in request 受欢迎
(5)on request 一经要求
【辨析】request,ask,demand,require,beg
request 不用于request sb.+that从句的形.。
request 用于书面语,只作及物动词，指正.的有礼貌的请求。
ask 期待答复的往往是肯定的答复。
demand 坚持得到某种东西，而态度骄横或飞扬跋扈。demand不能用于demand sb.to do sth.的形.，后跟宾语从句时必须用虚拟语气。
require强调要求达到某种标准或条件，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
beg含迫切需要帮助之意，后面宾语从句也用虚拟语气。
8.1)单项选择
All of us____________ of him whether he had heard from Helen recently.
A.required　　　B.demand
C.requested　　　D.asked
提示:require/request/ask sb.to do sth.意为“要求/让某人干……”,而demand of sb.sth.意为“询问某人某事”。
答案：B
2)单句改错
(1)They requested that the work must be finished on time.
(2)The classroom requires to clean.
答案：(1)must→should　(2)to clean→cleaning
3)完成句子
（1）May I (请你帮个忙)?
(2)They often (要求我们细心).
(3)They request that we (及时完成任务).
(4)We must finish it (按要求).
答案：(1)request you help　(2)request us to be careful　(3)(should) finish it in time
(4)by request
9.hold up 举起来；延误；阻碍；搀扶；支撑；抢劫；举例；提出
【典型例句】
She is holding up well under the pressure.
她承受住了压力。
An accident is holding up traffic.
一场事故造成了交通阻塞。
Some young people held up the bank yesterday.
昨天几个年轻人抢劫了银行。
She is always holding up Tom as models of good students.
她总是举例说汤姆是个好学生。
【相关链接】
hold back 阻止；隐瞒
hold on to 抓紧……
hold to坚持
hold out伸出；支持；维持
9.单项选择
(1)—Can I speak to Jim?
—Oh.____________please.He is coming.
A.Hold out　　　B.Hold up
C.Hold back　　　D.Hold on
提示:hold out“提出，忍受”；hold up “阻拦，耽搁”；hold back “阻止，抑制；隐瞒”；hold on“继续，别挂断”。
答案：D
(2)The school bus was____________ by the thick fog.
A.held up　　　B.broken off
C.kept up　　　D.put off
提示:句意为“学校的车被浓雾挡住了”。hold up “阻拦；截住；耽误”；break off“中止；截断”；keep up“保持（良好的状态）”；put off“推迟”。
答案：A
10.certain adj. 某些的；某个的；确信的；一定的
【典型例句】
He is certain of their honesty.
他不怀疑他们的诚实。
She is certain to do well in the game.
她有把握打好这次比赛。
You must make certain of the time of the train.
你一定要弄清楚火车时间时刻。
【知识小结】
sb.be certain (sure) of/about 对……有把握
sb.be certain/sure that...确信……
sb./sth.be certain/sure to do...一定会……
make sure/certain of.../that...确保……
【相关链接】
It is certain that...一定会……
for sure 必定，一定
for certain 确定地，确实地
sure+that的句型中主语必须是人，通常不说It is sure that...而说It is certain that...
some表示“某一”时只接可数名词单数；而certain则表“某些或某个”，后接可数名词单复数均可。如：a certain (some) student某个学生；certain reasons 某些原因
10.1)短句改错
(1)It is certain of being rainy tomorrow.
(2)It’s sure that our team will win.
答案：(1)of being→to be　(2)sure→certain
2)单项选择
（1）Remember a____________ famous scientist said that we should believe in ourselves first of all.
A.some　　　B.certain
C.sure　　　 D.other
答案：B
(2)—Tom,____________person is waiting for you downstairs.
—I’m coming,thank you.
A.certain　　　B.some
C.any　　 　D.an
提示:句意为“汤姆，有人在楼下等你”。a certain=some某个；any任何一个；person前的冠词是a而不是an。
答案：B
11.concern vt. 与……有关；涉及；影响；使……担忧
n.担忧；关心；责任；重要事情；企业
【典型例句】
Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.
不要管与自己无关的事。
What concerns us is our lack of preparation for the change.
令我们担心的是我们对事态的变化缺少准备。
Don’t hesitate to ask if you have any concerns about the work.
你对工作有任何疑虑请直接询问。
This matter is their concerns.
这事他们负责。
【知识小结】
concerned adj. 有关；担心的
当它作前置定语时，意思是“忧虑的；担心的；担忧的”，而作后置定语时，意思为“有关的；涉及的”。
【相关链接】
concern oneself with/about sth. 对……感兴趣
be concerned to do sth.认为干……很重要
be concerned that...对……很关注；很感兴趣
be concerned for/about...对……担心；忧虑
11.1)单句改错
(1)He isn’t concerned himself with the details.
(2)All cases concerned children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
答案：(1)isn’t concerned→doesn’t concern
(2)concerned→concerning
2)单项选择
We all think that he was not____________ with the case.
A.concerning　　　B.concerned
C.being concerned　　　D.concerns
提示:be concerned with意为“和……有关系”。
答案：B
12.in contact with 与……接触
【典型例句】
I was never in contact with this matter.
我从没遇见这类事情。
Joy and sorrow are next-door neighbours.快乐是忧愁的近邻。
【相关链接】
bring sb.into contact with 使某人接触……
out of contact with 不与……接触
keep in contact with sb.与……保持联系
lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系
make contact with sb. 与……取得联系
12.完成句子
(1)Children_______________________(应该接触诗歌) at an early age.
(2)He (与家庭失去联系).
答案：(1)should be brought into contact with poetry
(2)lost contact with his family
13.minority n. 少数民族;少数;少数派
【典型例句】
Only a small minority of students are/is interested in politics these days.
目前只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
There are fifty-five minorities in China.
中国有55个少数民族。
【知识小结】
minority 表少数民族种类时用复数形.；a minority (of)（……中的少数），用作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。
13.单项选择
　Only a small minority of students____________ interested in politics these days.
A.are　　　B.were
C.was　　　D.are being
提示:从时间状语these days可以看出，是一般现在时。故排除B、C、D三项。而a minority of+pl.作主语、谓语动词单复数均可。
答案：A
14.take part in 参加
【典型例句】
How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games?
有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？
【相关链接】
后面不带宾语时用take part。
take part in也意为“在……中起作用”，如果part前有形容词时须加冠词。
join “加入（组织、团体并成为其中的一员）”，也用join sb.(与某人一起)。
join in“参加(某个活动)”，相当于take part in，也可用于“join sb. in sth.”中，表示“与某人一起做什么”。
attend=be present at “出席（会议、演讲、上课、上学）；留意；照料；办理；护理；侍候”。
14.1)单项选择
There will be a discussion tomorrow;all those who want to____________ please raise your hands.
A.join　　　B.take part
C.join it　　　D.take part in
答案：B
2)用take part in/join/join in/attend填空
(1)All of us____________ the ball.
(2)His brother____________ the army 5 years ago.
(3)Would you like to____________ me____________ a walk?
答案：(1)take part in　(2)joined　(3)join;in
15.account n. 描述；叙述；说明；理由；计算；账目
vt.&vi. 认为；说明；总计
【典型例句】
She gave the police a full account of the incident.
她向警方详细地描述了所发生的事。
The team gave a good account of themselves in the match on Sunday.
这个队在星期日的比赛中表现出色。
He couldn’t account for his foolish mistakes.
他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢的错误。
【相关链接】
an account book 账簿
by/from all accounts 据大家所说
leave out of account 不考虑
on account of 因为；由于
account for 导致；作出解释
on no account 绝不；切莫
on all accounts 无论如何
注意：on no account同by no means,in no way,in no case一样，放在句首时用倒装结构。
15.单项选择
(1)—Will you pay in cash or shall I change it to your____________?
—Either will do.
A.pay　　　B.income
C.account　　　D.bank
答案：C
(2)Bad weather____________ the plane’s delay.
A.account for　　　
B.accounted for
C.on account of　　　
D.on all accounts
答案：B
(3)He couldn’t____________ losing such a large sum of money.
A.get through　　　B.account for
C.see to　　　D.count on
答案：B
16.hunt for=hunt after 追猎；搜寻；试图找到（某物）
【典型例句】
Police are hunting for an escaped criminal.
警方正在追捕逃犯。
I’m hunting for a lost book.
我正在找一本丢失的书。
【相关链接】
hunt sb./sth. down对……穷追到底
hunt sth.out 找出（闲置或不再使用的东西）
hunt sth. up 寻找（隐蔽或不易发现的事物）
hunt sth./sb. out of=drive...out of赶走，驱逐
go hunting 去打猎
be on the hunt for...正在搜索……
16.1)单项选择
(1)The police are____________ the hunt____________ further clues.
A.on;for　　　B.in;for
C.in;with　　　D.on;with
答案：A
2)用hunt,hunt out of的适当形.填空
(1)I____________ my key everywhere but I can’t find it.
(2)Hurry up!____________the cat____________ the kitchen.
答案：(1)have hunted for　(2)Hunt;out of
17.meet with 遇见；碰见；会晤；经历某事
【典型例句】
The President met with senior White House aides at breakfast.
早餐时总统会见了白宫的高级助手。
The old man met with many difficulties in all his life.
这个老人一生遇到过许多波折。
【相关链接】
make ends meet 收支平衡
meet sb.’s eye 与某人目光相遇
meet the eye/ear 看见/听见
meet sb.half-way 与某人妥协
meet up with 邂逅某人
17.单项选择
If you can drop the price a little,I’ll____________.
A.meet with you　　　
B.meet your eye
C.meet you half-way　　　
D.meet up with you
提示:句意为“如果你把价格降一下，我就愿意再让你一半”。meet with you“与你会晤”；meet your eye “与你目光相遇”；make up with you“与你邂逅”;meet you half-way “妥协；让步”。
答案：C
18.belong (to) 属于；应该在某处；适应某种环境
【典型例句】
The cover belongs to the jar.
这个盖子是配这个瓶子的。
He doesn’t feel he belongs here.
他觉得不适应这儿的环境。
A child belongs with his mother.
孩子应当和母亲待在一起。
【知识小结】
belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态，不能用名词性物主代词作to的宾语。如：
The book belongs to mine.(误)
The book belongs to me.(正)
The house is belonged to Tom.(误)
The house belongs to Tom.(正)
18.单项选择
(1)After you have used the dictionary,please put it back____________ it belongs.
A.where　　　B.to which
C.what　　　D.that
提示:本题考查了地点状语从句的用法，应用where来引导；在定语从句中，where可与“介词+which”互换，但在状语从句中不可以。因where是副词，故belong to中的介词to应省略。
答案：A
(2)—I thought Fan Zhiyi was on Chinese team.
—Yes,he____________,but he____________ to an English club now.
A.was;belongs　　　B.was;belonged
C.is;was belonged　　　D.is;is belonging
答案：A
19.peace n. 和平；和睦；和好
【典型例句】
They live together in peace.
他们友好地生活在一起。
Peace be with you!
祝你平安！
【相关链接】
make peace 讲和___________　
break the peace 扰乱治安
keep the peace 维持治安　　　
be at peace with sb. 同某人和平相处
in peace 和平地，安宁地（作状语）
at peace/rest/work/table/school 处于和平状态/静止/在上班/在吃饭/在上学
19.用at的适当短语填空
（1）The country used to be____________,but now it is____________ and many people have been killed.
(2)He seldom talks____________.He thinks it bad for health to talk while eating.
答案：(1)at peace;at war
(2)at table
二、句型剖析
1.what 引导的名词性从句
【典型例句】
What he said is to change all my life.
他的一席话将改变我的一生。
I can’t believe what he said.
我不相信他说的。
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的。
I’ll never forget what he said.
我永远也忘不了他所说的话。
【知识小结】
what引导主语、宾语、表语、同位语等四种名词性从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语（表语）；而that也引导上述四种名词性从句，但在句中不作成分，只起引导词作用，但不可以省略（宾语从句中除外）。
1.单项选择
(1)After____________ seemed ages,the newsman disclosed the facts.
A.there___________B.which
C.what　　　D.that
答案：C
(2)____________you see near the North Pole is nothing but ice and snow.
A.That　　　B.What
C.Which　　　D.Who
提示:该空既要引导主语从句，又要在从句中作see