非谓语动词作状语.doc

非谓语动词作状语
1. 作目的状语只能用不定式
不定式作状语表示目的时前面可用in order或so as以示强调, 也可将不定式或in order加不定式置于句首（so as较少置于句首）。如：
To ensure the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
(上海2007春)
2． 不定式和动词-ing形式作结果状语
不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only。另外，还可用于too ... to ..., enough to ..., so / such ... as to等结构中。动词-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与动词-ing形式表示的动作是因果关系。如：
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (广东 2005)
Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山东 2005)
3. 在表示时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况时，通常要用动词-ing形式或过去分词，不用不定式。
句子主语与动词-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。如：
Faced with a bill for $10,000, John has taken an extra job.(陕西2006)
Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北2006)
注意：
（1）作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词，习惯上不用动词-ing形式的被动式。如：
Many parents were walking about the zoo, followed by their children.
（2）表示时间、条件、让步等时，动词-ing形式或过去分词前可加连词。如：
The flowers his friend gave him will die unless watered every day. (四川2007)
4. 作原因状语
表示原因时，动词-ing形式和过去分词通常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗号隔开；不定式短语多用于表示情绪的动词、形容词之后。如：
I’m sorry to have troubled you so much.
Driven by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. (浙江2007)
5. 与not连用
与否定词not连用时多用动词-ing形式，通常不用过去分词和不定式。
Not being tested, all the products will have to lose their market.