课程设计说明书中压蒸汽凝液罐-学位论文.doc

辽 宁 石 油 化 工 大 学

过程装备与控制工程专业

过程设备设计
课程设计说明书

题目: 中压蒸汽凝液罐

学 院:机械工程学院
班 级:装备1205班
姓 名:李神炜
学 号:1202010505

2015 年 12 月

目录
设计任务书··················································1
符号说明····················································2
设计计算····················································6
1参数选取··················································6
1.1设计压力与计算压力的确定································6
1.2设计温度的确定··········································6
1.3厚度附加量··············································6
1.3.1厚度负偏差··········································6
1.3.2腐蚀裕量············································6
1.4焊接接头系数············································6
2筒体······················································7
2.1筒体材料················································7
2.2筒体许用应力············································7
2.3筒体厚度················································7
2.3.1筒体计算厚度········································7
2.3.2筒体设计厚度········································7
2.3.3筒体名义厚度········································7
2.3.4筒体有效厚度········································7
2.4筒体厚度水压试验校核····································7

2

2.4.1耐压试验压力········································7
2.4.2筒体薄膜应力········································8
2.4.3耐压试验时容器强度校核······························8
3封头······················································8
3.1封头选型················································8
3.2封头厚度················································8
3.3封头厚度水压试验校核····································8
3.3.1封头设计厚度········································9
3.3.2封头名义厚度········································9
3.3.3筒体有效厚度········································9
3.4封头厚度水压试验校核····································9
3.4.1耐压试验压力········································9
3.4.2封头薄膜应力········································9
3.4.3耐压试验时封头强度校核······························9
4附件选择··················································10
4.1支座····················································10
4.2法兰····················································10
4.3垫片····················································10
4.4加强圈··················································10
4.5补强圈··················································10
4.5.1补强判别············································10
4.5.2补强计算方法判别····································10
4.5.3开孔所需补强面积····································11
4.5.3.1封头计算厚度······································11
4.5.3.2开孔所需补强面积··································11
4.5.4有效补强范围········································11
4.5.4.1有效宽度B·········································11
4.5.4.2有效高度··········································11
4.5.5有效补强面积········································12
4.5.5.1封头多余金属面积··································12
4.5.5.2接管多余金属面积··································12
4.5.5.3接管区焊缝面积····································12
4.5.5.4有效补强面积······································12
4.5.6所需另行补强面积····································12
4.5.7补强圈设计··········································13
5储罐支座反力计算··········································13
5.1储罐质量················································13
5.1.1筒体质量············································13
5.1.2封头质量············································13
5.1.3附件质量············································14
5.1.4充气、液质量········································14
5.1.5保温层质量··········································14
5.1.6总质量··············································14
5.1.6.1操作时质量········································14
5.1.6.2压力实验时质量····································14
5.2支座反力················································14
5.2.1操作时反力··········································14
5.2.2压力实验时反力······································15
5.2.3支座反力选取········································15
5.3弯矩····················································15
5.3.1圆筒中间横截面······································15
5.3.2鞍座平面············································16
6圆筒应力计算与校核········································16
6.1圆筒轴向应力············································16
6.1.1内压未加压··········································16
6.1.2内压加压············································17
6.1.3外压加压············································17
6.1.4外压未加压··········································17
6.1.5未加压··············································18
6.1.6加压················································18
6.1.7轴向应力校核········································18
6.2圆筒和封头切应力········································19
6.2.1圆筒切应力··········································19
6.2.2封头切应力··········································19
6.2.3封头切应力校核······································19
6.3圆筒周向应力············································19
6.3.1圆筒截面周向压应力··································20
6.3.2圆筒鞍座边角周向应力································20
6.3.3鞍座垫板边缘处周向应力······························20
6.3.3周向应力校核········································20
6.4腹板水平拉应力··········································20
6.4.1支座腹板水平分力····································20
6.4.2腹板有效截面内水平拉应力····························21
6.4.3应力校核············································21
6.5鞍座压缩应力············································21
6.5.1地震载荷引起压应力··································21
6.5.1.1水平地震力········································21
6.5.1.2腹板与筋板组合截面积······························21
6.5.1.3腹板与筋板组合截面系数····························21
6.5.1.4地震载荷引起压应力································22
6.5.1.5温度变化引起的压应力······························22
6.5.1.6应力校核··········································23
6.6地震引起地脚螺栓应力····································23
6.6.1倾覆力矩············································23
6.6.2地脚螺栓拉应力······································23
6.6.3应力校核············································23
结论·······················································24
参考文献···················································25

15

设计任务书
一、 设计时间安排
从第17周（2015年12月14日）至第18周（2015年12月18日）。
二、 设计内容安排
1. 熟知相关的标准、规范及规定等相关资料；
2. 设备的设计计算及强度、稳定性校核；
3. 编写设计说明书一份；
4.绘制1号装配图一张。
三、 设计条件
详见附表一。
四、 设计要求
1. 学生要按照任务书要求，独立完成容器的设备设计；
2. 计算单位一律采用国际单位；
3. 计算过程及说明应清楚；
4. 所有标准件均要写明标记或代号；
5. 设计说明书目录要有序号、内容、页码；
6.设计说明书与装配图中的数据一致。如果装配图中有修改，在说明书中要注明变更；
7.书写工整，字迹清晰，层次分明；
8.设计说明书要有封面和封底，横向装订成册。

符号说明
------鞍座中心线至封头切线的距离，；
------一个支座的所有加强圈与圆筒起加强作用有效段的组合截面
积之和，；
------设计温度下，按GB150.3确定的外压应力系数，；
------常温下，按GB150.3确定的外压应力系数，；
------圆筒内直径，；
------圆筒外直径，；
------每个支座的反力，；
------一个支座的所有加强圈与圆筒起加强作用的有效段的组合截
面对该截面形心轴的惯性矩之和，；
------载荷组合系数；
------系数；
------封头切线间距离，；
------圆筒中间处的轴向弯矩，；
------支座处圆筒的轴向弯矩，；
------圆筒的平均直径，；
------碟形封头球面部分内直径，；
------圆筒内直径，；
———容器容积，取17.95；
------支座的轴向宽度，；
------加强圈的宽度，；
------圆筒的有效宽度，；
------计算圆筒与加强圈形成组合截面时，圆筒的有效宽度，；
------支座垫板宽度，；
------重力加速度；
------封头曲面深度，；
------系数。
------容器质量，；
------容器空质量，；
------设计压力，；
------计算压力，；
———介质密度，；
------单位长度载荷，；
------碟形封头过渡段转角内半径，；
------圆筒有效厚度，；
------封头有效厚度，；
------圆筒名义厚度，；
------封头名义厚度，；
------鞍座垫板有效厚度，；
------鞍座垫板名义厚度，；
------鞍座包角，°；
------设计温度下容器壳体材料的许用应力，；
------设计温度下容器圆筒材料的轴向许用压缩应力，；
------常温下容器圆筒材料的轴向许用压缩应力，；
------设计温度下加强圈材料的许用应力，；
------鞍座材料的许用应力，；
------地脚螺栓材料的许用应力，；
------圆筒中间处横截面内最高、最低点处的轴向应力，；
------支座处圆筒横截面内最高、最低点处的轴向应力，；
------支座处圆筒横截面最低处的周向应力，；
------无加强圈时鞍座边缘处的圆筒周向应力，；
------无加强圈时鞍座垫板边缘处的圆筒周向应力，；
------加强圈与圆筒组合截面处上圆筒表面的最大周向应力，；
------加强圈与圆筒组合截面上加强圈边缘处的最大周向应力，
；
------鞍座腹板水平方向上的平均拉应力，；
------由水平地震力引起的支座腹板与筋板组合截面的压应力，
；
------由温度变化引起的支座腹板与筋板组合截面的压应力，；
------圆筒切向剪应力，；
------加强圈靠近鞍座平面时，和的方位角，°；
------圆筒未被加强时，的方位角，°；
------圆筒剪应力的方位角，°。

设计计算

1参数选取
1.1设计压力与计算压力的确定
已知设计压力p为1.0Mpa，元件承受液柱静压力小于5%设计压力，所以取计算压力为1.0Mpa。
1.2设计温度的确定
已知设计温度为200℃，取操作温度为200℃。
1.3厚度附加量
(1-1)

1.3.1厚度负偏差
取厚度负偏差为0.3mm。
1.3.2腐蚀裕量
取腐蚀裕量为2mm。
1.4焊接接头系数
选择双面焊对接接头和相当于双面焊的全熔透对接接头，无损检测比例为局部，所以取为0.85。

2筒体
2.1筒体材料
介质无特有会影响储罐的性质，所以选择Q345R作为储罐筒体和封头的材料。
2.2筒体许用应力
按Q345R，200℃时计算。
2.3筒体厚度
2.3.1筒体计算厚度
(2-2)

2.3.2筒体设计厚度
(2-3)

2.3.3筒体名义厚度
(2-4)

，没有变化，所以取名义厚度12mm合适。
2.3.4筒体有效厚度
(2-5)

2.4筒体厚度水压试验校核
2.4.1耐压试验压力
按Q345R，查
(2-6)

2.4.2筒体薄膜应力
(2-7)

2.4.3耐压试验时容器强度校核
(2-8)

所以厚度合适。

3封头
3.1封头选型
由于压力和温度都不高，所以选择椭圆形封头，为方便计算，选择标准椭圆形封头，所以K=1。
3.2封头厚度
（3-1）

3.3封头厚度水压试验校核
3.3.1封头设计厚度
（3-2）

3.3.2封头名义厚度
（3-3）

，没有变化，所以取名义厚度12mm合适。
3.3.3封头有效厚度
（3-4）

3.4封头厚度水压试验校核
3.4.1耐压试验压力
按Q345R，查
（3-5）

3.4.2封头薄膜应力
（3-6）

3.4.3耐压试验时封头强度校核
（3-7）

所以厚度合适。

4附件选择
4.1支座
选择双鞍式支座,根据JB/T4712.1选取，由于筒体内径为2000mm，所以选轻型，包角选择120°，有垫板，4个筋板。
4.2法兰
根据JB/T4700-2000，由于筒体内径为2000mm，所以选平焊乙型法兰，PN=0.25Mpa，材料选择20R。
4.3垫片
由于法兰选择为乙型，所以选非金属软垫片，根据GB/T3985选择石棉橡胶板。
4.4加强圈
该储罐不设置加强圈。
4.5补强圈
4.5.1补强判别
根据表4-15，允许不另行补强的最大接管外径为，此压力容器中接管DN=250mm，故须另行考虑其补强。
4.5.2补强计算方法判别
开孔直径,此蒸汽出口直径d=254.6mm<=1000mm，满足等面积法开孔补强计算的适用条件，故可用等面积法进行开孔补强计算。
4.5.3开孔所需补强面积
4.5.3.1封头计算厚度
对于内压圆筒上的开孔，为按周向应力计算而得的计算厚度，即=6.44mm。
4.5.3.2开孔所需补强面积
(4-1)

接管有效厚度，所以
(4-2)

=250×6.44+2×6.44×3.7×（1-0.63）=1627.63mm
4.5.4有效补强范围
4.5.4.1有效宽度B
(4-3)

(4-4)

(4-5)
所以
4.5.4.2有效高度
(4-6)
外侧:

所以
(4-7)
内侧：

所以
4.5.5有效补强面积
4.5.5.1封头多余金属面积
(4-8)
封头有效厚度，所以

4.5.5.2接管多余金属面积
(4-9)
接管计算厚度

(4-10)
接管多余金属面积

4.5.5.3接管区焊缝面积

4.5.5.4有效补强面积
(4-11)

4.5.6所需另行补强面积

4.5.7补强圈设计
根据接管公称直径DN250选补强圈，参照补强圈标准JB/T 4736取补强圈外径=480mm，内径=277mm，因B=500mm>，补强圈在有效补强范围内。
补强圈厚度为
(4-12)

考虑钢板负偏差并经圆整，取补强圈名义厚度为6mm，但为便于制造时准备材料，补强圈名义厚度也可取为封头的厚度，即=12mm。

5储罐支座反力计算
5.1储罐质量
5.1.1筒体质量
(5-1)

5.1.2封头质量
(5-2)

5.1.3附件质量
由于附件质量相对筒体与封头质量较小，故忽略不计，即。
(5-3)
5.1.4充气、液质量

(5-4)
5.1.5保温层质量

5.1.6总质量
(5-5)
5.1.6.1操作时质量

5.1.6.2压力实验时质量

5.2支座反力
5.2.1操作时反力
(5-6)

5.2.2压力实验时反力
(5-7)

5.2.3支座反力选取
(5-8)

5.3弯矩
5.3.1圆筒中间横截面
(5-9)

(5-10)

5.3.2鞍座平面
(5-11)

(5-12)

6圆筒应力计算与校核
6.1圆筒轴向应力
6.1.1内压未加压
(6-1)

(6-2)

6.1.2内压加压
(6-3)

(6-4)

6.1.3外压加压
(6-5)

(6-6)

6.1.4外压未加压
(6-7)

(6-8)

6.1.5未加压
(6-9)

(6-10)

6.1.6加压
(6-11)

(6-12)

(6-13)
6.1.7轴向应力校核

查图，取,
所以，

所以应力合格。
6.2圆筒和封头切应力
6.2.1圆筒切应力
由于，所以圆筒被封头加强
(6-14)

6.2.2封头切应力
(6-15)

6.2.3封头切应力校核
(6-16)

所以切向应力合格。
6.3圆筒周向应力
6.3.1圆筒截面周向压应力

(6-17)
所以
(6-18)

6.3.2圆筒鞍座边角周向应力
(6-19)

6.3.3鞍座垫板边缘处周向应力
(6-20)

6.3.3周向应力校核

所以周向应力合格。
6.4腹板水平拉应力
(6-21)
6.4.1支座腹板水平分力

6.4.2腹板有效截面内水平拉应力
(6-22)

6.4.3应力校核

所以合格。
6.5鞍座压缩应力
6.5.1地震载荷引起压应力
6.5.1.1水平地震力
(6-23)

(6-24)
6.5.1.2腹板与筋板组合截面积

6.5.1.3腹板与筋板组合截面系数
(6-26)

(6-27)

(6-28)

(6-29)

(6-30)

(6-31)

6.5.1.4地震载荷引起压应力
(6-32)

6.5.1.5温度变化引起的压应力
(6-33)

6.5.1.6应力校核
(6-34)

所以合格。
6.6地震引起地脚螺栓应力
6.6.1倾覆力矩
(6-35)

6.6.2地脚螺栓拉应力
(6-36)

6.6.3应力校核

所以应力合格。

结论
本次课程设计所设计的是卧式压力容器，设计筒体和封头的名义厚度为12mm。根据JB/T4712.1选择双鞍式支座,轻型，包角120°，有垫板，4个筋板。根据JB/T4700-2000，选平焊乙型法兰，PN=0.25Mpa，材料选择20R。垫片选非金属软垫片，根据GB/T3985选择石棉橡胶板。不设置加强圈。计算了筒体、封头、附件等质量；计算了支座所受的力及其反力；计算了弯矩；并据此计算了筒体的轴向应力，且应力校核合格；计算了筒体和封头的切应力，且应力校核合格；计算了腹板的水平拉力，且应力校核合格；计算了鞍座压缩应力，且应力校核合格。
最终确定所选储罐厚度合适，各部件选择合适，能满足各向应力，达到要求，所以此次设计合格。
通过这次的设计学习，对书本上的知识有了更充分的认识。同时，对设计的完成培养了个人动手能力，实践能力。使我们对压力容器了解的更加透彻。

参考文献
[1].GB150-2011.钢制压力容器[S].中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.
[2].JB4731-2005.钢制卧式容器[S].中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.
[3].NB/T47042-2014.卧式容器[S].中华人民共和国国家能源局.
[4].JB/T4712-2007.容器支座[S].中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.
[5].JB/T4702-2000.乙型平焊法兰[S].中华人民共和国国家机械工业局.
[6].JB/T4736-2002.补强圈[S].中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.
[7].JB/T4746-2002.钢制压力容器用封头[S].中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.
[8].谢铁军，寿比南，王晓雷，李军.《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》释义[M].北京：新华出版社，2009.
[9].郑津洋,董其伍,桑芝富.过程设备设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2010
过程设备设计---课程设计
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