M6U2知识点.doc

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互动课堂
疏导引导
一、词汇详解
1.injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害;使受伤;伤害（名誉、自尊等）
【典型例句】
He injured his knee while playing basketball.
他打篮球时膝盖受了伤。
This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
【相关链接】
injured adj.受伤的；有伤的;委屈的
the injured 受伤的人；伤员;伤兵
injury n.伤害;损伤;挫伤
辨析injure,wound,hurt
①injure一般指由于意外或事故受伤，指一时难愈之伤。
②wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗、战争中受伤。
③hurt“受伤”的一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指感情上的伤害，可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛;引起痛苦”。
1.单项选择
（1）（2005威海质检）
At least 203 miners were killed,22____________and 13____________in a coal mine gas explosion Monday afternoon in Fuxin.
A.injuring;trapping　
B.injured;trapped
C.injured;trapping　　　
D.injuring;trapped
答案:B
（2）In a car accident,mother tried her best to prevent her baby from___________.As a result,she was killed while her child was safe and alive.
A.injury　　　
B.injuring
C.being injured　　　
D.being hurt
答案：C
2.struggle v.&n.努力;奋斗;斗争
【典型例句】
Many countries are struggling for their independence.
许多国家正在为他们的独立而斗争。
They struggled just to pay their bills.
他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
I struggled up the hill with heavy bags.
我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
He struggled against cancer for two years.
他同癌症抗争了两年。
【知识小结】
struggle against/with sb./sth.同……作斗争；与……抗争
struggle with sb.for sth.为争取……而与某人作斗争
struggle along/on勉强维持；在困难中坚持
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
2.1)单项选择
(1)Though badly injured,he still struggled____________walking.
A.with　
B.for　　　
C.on　
D.against
提示:struggle on“勉强维持，在困难中坚持。”
答案:C
2)用适当的介词填空
（1）Life’s hard,but we’ll have to struggle___________.
(2)Lisa struggled____________her conscience before talking to the police.
(3)The workers are still struggling____________a better pay.
答案：(1)on　(2)with　(3)for
3.simply adv.仅仅；只；确实；简单地
【典型例句】
Fame is often simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time.
成名常常是身在其位，恰逢其时，仅此而已。
The view is simply wonderful!
景色美极了！
The book explains grammar simply and clearly.
这本书对语法解释得简明扼要。
【知识小结】
(1)simply作“仅仅；只；不过”讲时，强调简单，相当于just。
（2）simply作“确实；简直”讲时，强调某种说法，相当于absolutely。
（3）simply作“不过；只是”讲时，引出概括或解释。
3.指出下列句子中simply的含义，并把该句译成汉语
（1）Simply add hot water and stir(搅动).
(2)That is simply not true.
(3)Anyway,to put it simply,we still owe them ￡2000.
答案：
(1)simply相当于just。只加点热水搅动一下就可以了。
（2）simply强调某人的说法。那是完全不正确的。
（3）simply作“简单的”讲，相当于straightly。不管怎样，简单地说，我们仍然欠他们2000英镑。
4.dedicated adj.投入的；专注的；献身的；专门用途的（只作前置定语）。
【典型例句】
She is dedicated to her job.
她对工作专心致志。
Software is exported through a dedicated satellite link.
软件通过专用卫星线路出口。
【相关链接】
dedicate v.把……献给……；题献词
dedication n.献身；奉献；献词
dedicate oneself/sth.to (doing) sth.
献身于某事；把……献给……
dedicate sth. to sb.
把某物献给某人；为……举行奉献典礼
4.1)单项选择
___________the secret of nature,the young scientist has little time for entertainment.
A.Dedicated himself to bringing out
B.Dedicated himself to bring out
C.Dedicated to bringing out
D.Dedicating to bringing out
提示:dedicate...to...,to为介词 。
答案:C
2)改错
Let’s dedicate ourselves to solve the polluted problems.
答案：solve→solving
5.event n.运动项目；比赛项目；重要事情；公开活动
【典型例句】
The election was the main event of 1999.
这次选举是1999年的主要大事。
This is the most social event of the year.
这是本年度最重要的社交活动。
The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon.
800米赛是下午的第四项比赛。
【相关链接】
in any event/at all events 不管怎样，无论如何
in the event结果；到头来
in that event如果是那样的话，如果那种事情发生
辨析event;incident;accident;affair:
event特别指事件，大事，比赛项目；
incident事情，小事件，事变，突发事件；
accident意外事故（尤指灾难）；
affair事务；事件；私事。
5.单项选择
(1)（2005天津十二模拟测试）
The lawyer advised Tom to drop the___________,since he had little chance to win.
A.affair　　　B.case
C.incident　　　D.event
提示:case“案件；讼案”；句意为：“律师劝说汤姆撤诉，因为他几乎没有胜诉的可能。”
答案:B
（2）Mr.Smith came to China not to go sightseeing but to see some personal___________.
A.events　　　
B.affairs
C.incidents　　　
D.accidents
提示:event“大事”；affair“事务，私事”；incident“小事”；accident“意外事故”。
答案：B
6.apart from远离；和……不在一起；除了
【典型例句】
Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents.She was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.
即使她的训练意味着她必须和她的父母不住在一起，她也非常高兴献身于体操事业。
I have finished apart from the last question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
You’ve got to help.Apart from anything else you’re my brother.
你得帮忙。别的不说，你总归是我兄弟。
【知识小结】
apart from有两重含义，表示“除……以外（别无）”同except;表示“除……之外（尚有）”,同besides,as well as,in addition to。
6.单项选择
（1）____________a few faults,she was a trustworthy teacher.
A.Apart　　　
B.Apart from
C.Beside　　　
D.Besides
提示:apart from在此处相当于except for“除了……之外”。
答案:B
（2）Don’t you think it is better to live____________your parents when you are old enough to get independent?
A.apart from　　　
B.besides
C.as well as　　　
D.in addition
答案：A
7.devote v.投入；献身；专心
【典型例句】
She devoted herself to her career.
她全力倾注于自己的事业。
I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.
我一天只能在这个项目上花两小时。
【知识小结】
devote oneself to sb./sth.献身于；致力于
devote...to...把……用于……
7.单项选择
Although the working mother is very busy,she still____________a lot of time to her children.
A.devotes　　　
B.spends
C.offers　　　
D.provides
提示:devote...to...“把……用于……”
答案:A
8.rush vt. & vi. & n.迅速移动；急促；速送；仓促行事；突袭；冲向
【典型例句】
I’ve been rushing around all day trying to get everything done.
我一整天都四下忙活，想把所有的事都做完。
Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital.
救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。
Fans rushed the stage after the concert.
音乐会结束后乐迷们一下子涌向舞台。
【相关链接】
rush(sb.)into (doing) sth.使（某人）仓促做某事
rush sth.out仓促生产；赶制
rush sth.through使快速通过
in a rush急忙；匆忙
rush hour(上下班时的）交通高峰期
8.1)单项选择
(1)The editors rushed____________an item on the crash for the late news.
A.through　　　B.off　　　C.out　　　D.on
提示:rush out“仓促赶制”。
答案:C
（2）I can’t stop—I’m___________rush.
A.on　　B.on 　　　C.in　　D.in a
提示:in a rush“急忙，匆忙”。
答案：D
2)完成句子
We don’t want to.(我们不急着吃晚饭。)
答案：rush into having supper
9.severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严格的；恶劣的；艰巨的
【典型例句】
The Party suffered severe loses during the last election.
该党在上次选举中惨败。
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。
【相关链接】
be severe with 对……要求严格
be strict with对……要求严格
be severe on/upon对……很严厉
severe looks严肃的神色
a severe sentence重刑判决
a severe winter严冬
a severe wound重伤
9.单项选择
(1)We should be____________with ourselves and lenient(宽大的) towards others.
A.severe　　　B.severely C.serious　　　D.seriously
提示:句意为：“我们应当严以律己，宽以待人。”
答案:A
（2）I think you are too severe____________ the boy.
A.to　　　B.on　　　C.of　　　D.toward
答案:B
（3）He was given a____________sentence because of his robbery.
A.serious　B.heavy　　　C.big　 D.severe
答案：D
10.cheer n.欢呼声；喝彩声；欢乐（或幸福）的气氛
v.欢呼；喝彩；加油；鼓励
【典型例句】
A great cheer went up from the crowd.
观众爆发出一阵热烈的欢呼声。
Christmas and New Year are a time of good cheer in the company of family and friends.
圣诞节和新年是至亲好友相聚充满欢乐气氛的时刻。
We all cheered as the team came on to the field.
球队入场时我们都为之欢呼。
She was cheered by the news from home.
来自家里的消息使她受到鼓舞。
【相关链接】
cheer sb. on(赛跑、比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励，为（某人）加油
cheer up;cheer sb./sth. up使变得更高兴，（使）振奋起来
cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的
cheering n. ［U］ 欢呼声　
adj.令人高兴的；令人鼓舞的
cheers n.(用于祝酒)干杯；告辞，再见
10.单项选择
（1）—I’ll attend the driving test tomorrow.
—___________.
A.Good luck　　　
B.Well-done
C.Cheer up　　　
D.Enjoy yourself
提示:句意为：“我明天要去参加驾驶测试。”“祝你好运。”
答案:A
（2）The results of the test were very___________.
A.cheer　　　
B.cheerful
C.cheering　　　
D.cheers
提示:cheering adj.“令人高兴的，修饰某事。”
答案：C
（3）Give Mary a call;she needs____________because she failed in the test.
A.to cheer up　　　B.cheering up
C.cheer up　　　D.cheered up
提示:need to be done,need doing.“需要被……”。
答案：B
11.in good spirits情绪好;精神状态饱满
【典型例句】
Though she was badly injured,she was in good spirits.
虽然她受伤很严重，然而她的精神状态很饱满。
【相关链接】
spirit n.精神;勇气;意志;心态
spirits n.情绪;心境;烈酒
in spirit 在心里;在精神上
in spirits 愉快地;活泼地
keep up one’s spirits打起精神；提神
11.单项选择
(1)I wonder why Tom has been in low____________recently;he is always a man of___________.
A.spirits;spirits　　　
B.spirit;spirit
C.spirits;spirit　　　
D.spirit;spirits
答案:C
(2)Do you know the three words that show the____________of the Olympic Games?
A.spirit　　　
B.spirits
C.nature　　　
D.character
答案：A
12.accomplish vt.完成
【典型例句】
The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished.
计划的第一部分已顺利完成。
I don’t feel I’ve accomplished very much today.
我觉得我今天没干成多少事。
【相关链接】
accomplished adj.才华高的;熟练的
accomplishment n.完成;成就;成绩;才艺;专长
12.单项选择
Most of the time has gone by,but we only____________one-third of our task.
A.accomplished 　　　
B.are accomplishing
C.have accomplished　　　
D.accomplish
提示:“虽然大部分时间已经过去了，但我们只完成了三分之一的任务。”
答案:C
13.adapt v.使适应;使适合（新情况、新用途）；改写;改编
【典型例句】
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.
过了好一阵子，他才适应新环境。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中已有三部改编成电视节目。
【知识小结】
adapt sth.for sth.
使适应新用途;为……改编
adapt oneself to sth.
适应新情况
【相关链接】
adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
adaptation/adaption n.改编本；改写本
adopt vt.采用；收养
13.单项选择
(1)He failed to____________himself to the new environment.
A.adopt 　　　
B.adapt
C.attach　　　
D.arrange.
提示:adopt“采用，收养”，adapt oneself to“使适应……”。
答案:B
（2）Mr.White had to arrange his newly-bought suit,because his wife said it doesn’t__________his sun-burnt face.
A.fit　　　
B.suit
C.adapt　　　
D.match
提示:fit指大小适合，suit指合乎要求、口味、性格、情况，match指色调、形状、性质等相配或相称，adapt 指作出较大的修改或改变以达到目的。
答案：B
14.inspire v.激励；鼓舞；启发;启示；使产生（感觉或情感）
【典型例句】
The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm.
演员们以热情鼓舞着孩子们。
His paintings were clearly inspired by Monet’s work.
他的绘画显然是受到了莫奈作品的启示。
Her work didn’t exactly inspire me with confidence.
她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。
【知识小结】
inspire sb.to do sth.
鼓励某人干某事
inspire sb.with sth.
用某事鼓舞某人
【相关链接】
inspired adj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的；受……影响的
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人（物）
14.单项选择
(1)____________by the hero’s deeds,the students study harder than before.
A.Inspire　　　
B.Inspired
C.Inspiring　　　
D.To inspire
提示:句意为：“被英雄的事迹鼓舞了，同学们学习比以前更努力。”此时应用过去分词表被动。
答案:B
（2）The movie is___________,and we are all___________.
A.inspired;inspired
B.inspiring;inspiring
C.inspired;inspiring
D.inspiring;inspired
提示:inspiring “鼓舞人心的”;inspired“受……影响的”。
答案：D
15.sympathy n.同情；赞同；支持
【典型例句】
I have no sympathy for Jane,it’s all her own fault.
我不同情简，那都是她自己的错。
I wish he’d show me a little more sympathy.
我多希望他能再体谅我一点。
The seamen went on strike in sympathy with the dockers.
海员们举行罢工，以表示对码头工人的支持。
【相关链接】
express/feel/have sympathy for sb.向某人表示同情/对某人感到同情/同情某人
in sympathy with因……而出现；相应发生；支持
out of sympathy with sb./sth.不赞成；不支持（某人或事物）
15.1)单项选择
(1)The disabled person was begging by the roadside and everyone who went there expressed sympathy___________him.
A.for　 　 B.to　　　
C.at　　 D.on
提示:express sympathy for sb.“对……表示同情”。
答案:A
2)完成句子
Share(股票) prices slipped(随着) the German market.
答案：in sympathy with
16.arrange v.安排；筹备；整理；排列；谱写
【典型例句】
The party was arranged quickly.
聚会很快就安排好了。
We’ve still got to arrange how to get to the airport.
我们还得安排如何到达机场。
I’ve arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cat while we are away.
我们外出期间给猫喂食的事，我已和邻居安排妥了。
She arranged the flowers in a vase.
她把花瓶中的花插好。
He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano.
他把传统民歌改编成钢琴曲。
【相关链接】
arrange sth.
arrange wh-+to do
arrange that 从句
arrange sth.for sth.为……改写；谱写……
as arranged 按安排；约定
arranged marriage包办婚姻
16.1）单项选择
In the old days of China,children’s marriage were____________by their parents.
A.arranged　　　
B.tied
C.fixed　　　
D.made
提示:arrange“安排；决定”；tie“捆，系”；fix“固定；安装”；make“制作”。“在中国旧社会，儿女的婚姻是父母包办的”。
答案:A
2）完成句子
（1）I’ve arranged(我们可以借用他们的车).
（2）The novel has been (被改编成电视剧).
(3)We met at six,(按约定).
答案：（1）that we can borrow their car
(2)arranged for TV play
(3)as arranged
17.be tired of 对……感到厌倦/疲惫
【典型例句】
I’m tired of all the arguments.
我烦透了这些争论。
She was tired of hearing about their trip to India.
她听腻了他们的印度之行。
【相关链接】
be/get tired from/with...
因……而感到劳累
tire sb.out 使某人精疲力竭
be tired out精疲力竭
tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的（修饰人）
tiring adj.令人困倦的（修饰物）
tiresome adj.讨厌的；令人厌烦的（可修饰人或物）
17.单项选择
(1)____________of reading,he put down the book and stopped___________.
A.Tired;to watch TV
B.Tired;watching TV
C.Tiring;watching TV
D.Tiring;to watch TV
提示:be tired of用于人，而tiring不能；stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做另外一件事。
答案:A
（2）We all felt____________ of the____________child.
A.tired;tiresome　　　
B.tired;tiring
C.tireless;tired　　　
D.tiresome;tiring
答案：A
18.believe in 信任；信仰；相信……的价值；认为……是好的
【典型例句】
They need a leader they can believe in.
他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。
Do you believe in God?
你相信有上帝吗？
【相关链接】
believe it or not信不信由你
believe sth.of sb.相信某人能干出某事
believe sb.相信某人
believe in sb.信任某人的品质、能力等
18.单项选择
More and more people nowadays have come____________taking exercise every day.
A.believe　　　
B.believe in
C.to believe 　　　
D.to believe in
提示:come to常与静态动词或词组（如know,understand,love,like等）连用，表示动作的起点。get 也可以这样使用。本句的意思为“当今越来越多的人开始认为每天锻炼身体是好的”。
答案:D
municate vt.& vi.交流；沟通；传递；传播；相通
【典型例句】
They communicated in sign language.
他们用手语沟通。
He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法传达给小组成员。
The novel is about a family who can’t communicate with each other.
这部小说写的是关于家庭成员彼此无法沟通的一个家庭。
19.单项选择
____________in sign language,they both can understand very well.
A.Communicate　　　
B.Communicated
C.To communicate　　　
D.Communicating
提示:A项只能作谓语动词；B项为过去分词，表被动；C项为动词不定式，表目的;D项为现在分词表方式，逻辑主语是句子的主语。
答案:D
20.assist vt.帮助；协助
【典型例句】
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
我们将帮你找个住的地方。
Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.
凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。
【知识小结】
assist sb.in/with sth.
帮助某人某事
assist sb.in doing sth.
帮助某人做某事
assist sb.to do sth.
帮助某人做某事
比较：
help sb.with sth.
help(sb.) to do
帮助某人做某事
20.1)单项选择
1）We’ll do all we____________ assist you.
A.can　　　
B.can do
C.can to　　　
D.can doing
提示:all为先行词，we can do作为定语从句修饰all。但由于前面已经有do，所以can后的do省略，后紧接动词不定式表示目的。
答案:C
2)完成句子
（1）He____________ me____________(用……帮助) money.
(2)The police will(帮你找到) her address.
答案：(1)assists,with
(2)assist you in finding/to find
二、句型剖析
1.疑问词+to do 作宾语或主语或表语
【典型例句】
When to start has not been decided.
何时动身尚未决定。（作主语）
I don’t know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。(作宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.
困难在于如何过河。（作表语）
I can tell you where to get this book.
我可以告诉你在哪里可以买到此书。（作宾语）
【相关链接】
（1）有时疑问词前可用介词。如：
I have no idea of how to do it.
我不知道如何做此事。
（2)动词know后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能用know+how/what+不定式。
1.单项选择
(1)While still a young boy,Tom knew____________the piano well and as he grew older,he wrote operas,the most famous of which is Carmen.
A.how to play　　　
B.how playing
C.what to play　　　
D.to play
提示:“当他是小孩子时，Tom知道怎样弹好钢琴……。”
答案:A
（2）___________has not been decided.
A.Where and when to hold the meeting
B.When and where to hold the meeting
C.When and where holding the meeting
D.Where and when holding the meeting
提示:“何时，何地”习惯用when and where,会议还没有开用to do。
答案：B
2.in case“以防万一;假使;免得”，引导状语从句
【典型例句】
Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.
安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。
I’ll cook plenty of potatoes in ca