英语语法完全版2.doc

约有90个双宾动词可有两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。如果直接宾语紧跟在这些动词后面，间接宾语可变成由to引起的短语，这些动词则成了及物动词：He lent me his knife．=He lent his knife to me． He left her ten thousand dollars．=He left ten thousand dollars to her．更多例句：a．He gave John a cigarette （or an English lesson），offered me tea（or a position，a bribe），handed his brother the salt （or the letter），delivered them the goods（or a letter，the message），passed me the butter，brought me my book（or a cup of tea），took（or carried）me an umbrella，left me some cakes（or a free choice），returned me the book（or an angry look），threw me a magazine（or a word），tossed（or cast，flung）the beggar a penny．b．He provided（or furnished，supplied）us（with）food and everything necessary，presented me（with）a good dictionary．（用with时较不用时为多）It afforded me an opportunity（or great pleasure，satisfaction）．He rendered his boss a service（or assistance，the account），tendered me his resignation（or his services），administered me a blow，caused（or occasioned）me so much pain（or anxiety，heavy loss，inconvenience，some trouble），dealt me a scolding．c．He granted me an audience（or a credit，a holiday，a re- quest），meted us out reward and punishment，allowed them more time（or a holiday，ten dollars），awarded me the prize（or full marks），accorded her the privilege （or a warm welcome，due praise）．He refused me admittance（or the request，this favour，the loan of a book），denied me nothing（or justice，all comfort，help），（be）grudged me my salary（or my honour），barred no friends his house．d．He assigned me a duty（or a small room），allotted me a garden（or a few exercises），prescribed me a milk diet （or a duty），apportioned us different duties，issued me a permit（or a driving license）．The hardware store shipped me a big machine（or some utensils）．He forwarded（or sent，dispatched，posted，mailed） her a parcel．They paid me the salary（or the taxi fare，the tuition，the price），reimbursed me the costs，advanced me a month's salary（or 1000 dollars），remitted me a thousand dollars，lent me some money，owed me a debt（or thanks，obligations），sold rich customers good diamonds and sold others poor goods，charged me no tuition（or a dollar），loaned me their car，rented me a house．e．He played me a tune（or a piece），sang me a Japanese song（=sing a Japanese song to me or for me），extended us a warm welcome，stood me champagne，served me a good dinner，fed his dog beef．He wishes me good luck（or good evening，every joy，a safe journey，the compliments of the season，a good night），bade me a welcome（or adieu，good morning），waved me adieu（or a greeting），nodded me a welcome （or approval），bowed me his heartiest thanks，paid them a visit（or his respects）．
f．He wrote me letters（or a few lines），answered me nothing （or not a word，a question），scrawled me a note，read me the letter（or a poem，a lesson），told me a story（or everything），foretold me my future，showed me his care （or much kindness），pointed me out my mistake，whispered me a piece of news，telegraphed（or wired，faxed，cabled）me full details of the result，telephoned （or phoned） me the details（or the current price），transmitted me a message，taught me Chinese（or music，a lesson，singing，obedience），preached us a very good sermon，pledged me his friendship，put me a question，quoted me an instance．
g．He bequeathed（or willed）his children a large fortune（or all his property），left me a large fortune．
They yielded the enemy their position，ceded him the land，conceded him the privileges（or the favours he asked）．
They guaranteed me satisfaction（or regular employment，punctual arrival），insured（or assured） me success （success to me or for me），promised me assistance．
He recommended me a good book（or a good servant）．
They did him harm（or honour，good，justice，wrong，credit，a favour，a good turn，an injustice，an injury，a kindness，a service），caused us a lot of mischief．
They made him a visit（or an offer，a promise，no reply，some answers）．
直接宾语亦称作事物宾语（Thing-Object），而间接宾语亦称作表人宾语（Person-Object）。不过间接宾语间或也指事物：
He never gives the matter a second thought，does not give the plan a trial，wished it a happy ending，allowed his imagination a full play．
直接宾语可以是代词：
Don't tell her that．He told his brother that．Who asked you this？
Who gave it（to） you？ We gave it（to）him．I will pay it （to） you all．
尽管上面句中的间接宾语可以变作to引起的短语，但这种短语少用为宜，但在下面这类句子中，却用以to引起的短语较好：
To you，I give this．（间接宾语为了强调而提前）
To the President，I write this letter．
To whom do you give it？（和一个疑问代词连用）
Who do you give it to？
Which boy do you sing to，Mary？
The man to whom you told the story is my uncle．（和关系代词连用）
I have given to him．（直接宾语省略）
I will write to him．
Please deliver to John．
I have given the book to Mary，the best student in class．（间接宾语比直接宾语更长更重要）
I only teach English to students who are truly anxious to learn．
The letter，I have sent to him．（直接宾语放在句首）
All these valuable things，he gave to me．
Some dictionaries have been given to the library．
（直接宾语是被动动词的主语）
A letter will be sent to him．
bought a dog for me．）
约有35个双宾动词用两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。这种动词可变成及物动词，这时间接宾语应改作由for引起的宾语：
He ordered me a book．=He ordered a book for me．
She made me a dress．=She made a dress for me．
更多例句：
a．He built himself a hut．
The shoemaker turns me out 100 pairs of shoes．
Hunan Province yield China a lot of rice．
She wove me a garland．
The carpenter made Uncle a beautiful desk．
She cooked me eggs．
She boiled me some water．
Fix me a drink．
Please spread me some bread with butter．
I will cut you a slice of bread．
Pour me out some tea（or coffee）．
Please fill me some wine．
b．Please pull me a chair to the table．
Please fetch me a dictionary（or a doctor）．
He reached me a pencil．
I'll put you a chair over there．
He gathered me some stamps．
He chose his wife a nice dress．
Pick me out a dozen oranges．
Can you match me this cloth？
c．Can you find（or get，secure，obtain）me a job？
They reserved us a hotel room，called us a taxi，bought us a lunch．
The book won him a good name，earned him a lot of money，but created him many enemies．
This incident acquired（or gained） him wealth．
I've got me money enough，will buy me some liquor．（口语体）
You have save him so much trouble（or time，money）．
Can you spare me a few minutes（or one dollar）？
Could you change me this five-pound note（or ten-dollar bill）？
Can you cash me this bill？
  上面句子中的间接宾语可以变作由for引起的短语，在1424节中所说情况下，必须改成这种短语：
For you alone，I cook this fish．
For my family，I must save some money．
For whom do you build so big a house？
Who（m） do you choose this cloth for？
The person for whom you made a dress was my niece．
I will cook for you．
Please call（a taxi）for me．
She poured out coffee for John，the man she loved most．
I will get a job for John，who has been jobless for many months．
This trouble you can save for me and many others．
A good name will this good work gain for him，but not wealth．
Three taxis were called for us．
A magnificent palace was built for the king and queen．
21．S+DV+N+N（John envied me my dog．）
约有70个双宾动词虽然可以变作及物动词，却不在表人的宾语前用介词to或for。这时有几种情况： a．有些动词后，表人宾语前用另一介词；b．有些动词后，事物宾语前有一介词；c-f．其他动词很少变作及物动词：
a．They played（or served）John a trick（or a bad turn），bestowed him honour（or a title，praise），enjoined（or imposed）me obedience（or a duty），（=They played a trick on John，served a trick on him，bestowed honour on him，…）
She flung him a wink，flashed me a glance，shot John an angry look，cast me a glance，dealt（or hit） him a blow．（=She flung a wink at him，flashed a glance at me，…）
They bore us malice （or ill will，hatred），waged us war．（=They bore malice against us，waged war against us，…）
He bore me great affection（or good will）．（=He bore great affection for me，…）
He asked me some questions（or the time，my name，my address，the way，the fare，the price，the reason，the cause）．（=He asked some questions of me，…）
He asked you a favour （or permission，a kindness）．（=He asked a favour from you，…）
b．He envied John his new car （or his pretty wife），forgave us our sins（or our debt，our negligence，our misconduct），pardoned me the question（or my offence），excused me my asking，took me out a walk（or an airing，a drive）．（=He envied John for his new car，forgave us for our sins，…）
He banished me the realm，dismissed me the club（or the service），expelled me the school．（=He banished me from the realm，dismissed me from the club，…）
c．He fined me ten dollars ，wagered（or bet）me ten dollars（that John would win），bid me half the price，quoted you the best price（or a proverb），tipped me one dollar（or the wink）．
It costs him twelve dollars（or much trouble，his life），takes me six days（or all my life） to do that，will last me three years．
The business lost me all my capital，profited me a lot of money，netted him a thousand dollars daily．
d．I struck him a heavy blow，fetched him a slap（or a box on the ear）caught that man two kicks in the stomach，hit his face a rap，hit him a hard blow．（所有斜体动词都是gave的意思）
She kissed him good night（or good-bye，a welcome，a hearty kiss），swept him a look（or a bow，a curtsy），blew him a kiss．
She bore him witness（or company），kept him company，has borne him three children．
They made me a present（or some allowance，a request，an apology）．
e．It bodes（or portends）us no good（or evil）．He prophesied me success．
He set us a task（or the examination paper，a good example）．（Cf．He set a task for us．）
The doctor ordered me a complete rest（or a special diet，silence）．
He forbade his children tobacco（or the use of liquor or drugs）．
He deigned me no reply．
f．She dropped me a few lines（or a note，a postcard，a curtsy）．
I enclose you a list of new products．
He led me a（pretty）dance（or a dog's life）．
He called me names．
He let me blood．
He means（or intends）you no harm．
22．S+DV+N+W-CL or W-I（John showed me what I should do or what to do．）
  约有10个动词用名词或代词作间接宾语，却用一个由疑问词引起的从句或不定式作直接宾语：
English grammar shows us how we should make sentences （=how to make sentences）．
Please tell me which book we should choose（=which book to choose）．
Can you advise me what I must do（=what to do）？
He asked me where he could get the entrance ticket（= where to get the entrance ticket） ．
He reminded me when I must go（=when to go）．
He notified me when John started for London．
Please inform that man whether his wife has been here．
You must teach your children when to act，what to say and where to stop．
She asked me where could she buy flowers？（注意主语前的助动词及句末的问号）
I ask him what must I study in this country？
在这类句子中不要使用上节所提动词以外的动词，如：
I criticized him how he was wrong．（错句）
I know him when he will succeed．（错句）
23．S+DV+N+that·CL（John convinced me that I was wrong．）
  约有30个双宾动词可用名词或代词作间接宾语，而用that 引起的从句作直接宾语。That这个字有时可省略。整个从句在重复时可以用so代替：
a．I told John（that） he was mistaken． Everybody had told him so．
They informed（or notified，apprised，advised，wrote，wired，telegraphed，phoned）my brother that the ship arrived on February2． I had in formed him so．
He whispered me that John had been arrested．
I remind him that the meeting is on Friday（or that he should send the letter）．
He assures me that everything is all right（or that I shall be a happy man）．Nobody else has assured me so．
He can't warrant me that it is genuine．I'll warrant you that you shall be paid．
b．He convinced（or persuaded，satisfied）her that he would love her always（or that they could be happy）．
This accident taught us that we were not careful enough （or that driving could be very dangerous）．
I entreated him that he must stop smoking．
I beseech him that he will help my family．
They admonished him that he should not drink liquor．
They ordered their men that they should fire．
He promised me that I should have a gold watch．
They warned him that the place was dangerous．
They threatened me that they would kill all my people．
c．He promised me that he would come．
We thanked Good（or our stars，Heaven）that our trial was ended．Thank Heaven I am better．I thank you that you have done this for me．
I flattered myself that I was not to do such a silly thing．
I bet（or wager）him five dollars that it will rain today．（Bet后跟两个直接宾语，这是英语中一个不寻常的现象。）
上面提到的双宾动词有些可变作及物动词，这时可以用of引起的短语修饰：
They told him of my sickness，informed（or notified，apprised）him of your visit，reminded me of my promise，assured me of his honesty，convinced（or persuaded，satisfied）me of his innocence，admonished me of the danger（or my fault，my duty），warned him of the danger．
在这类句子中不要使用上面所提动词以外的动词，如：
I criticized him that he was wrong．（错句）
I supposed him that he knew everything．（错句）
I know John that he will arrive late．（错句）

24．S+LV+A or PrP or PaP（John was rich．）
  a．表示状态的系动词：
1） He was sad（or pleased，amazed，very interesting）．
The house has been my uncle's（用名词所有格作补语）．
The book is John's．
He felt hungry（or sure，bad，bound to do it，annoyed）．
He seems ill（or happy，tired，satisfied，pleased）．

He appeared ill（or satisfied）．It bulked large．It loomed black．
He is asleep（or awake，alone，alive，afraid）．（表语形容词）
2） He stood alone（or neutral，first on the list，corrected，accused of a crime）．It stood well（or idle）．
This line runs parallel with that．Still waters run deep．
Everything（or Something，Nothing，All）went well（or right，ill，wrong，amiss）．How goes the world？How things go with us？English goes（=runs，passes）current in many countries．He went（=was usually）barefoot（or bareheaded，naked，hungry，well dressed）．
  b．表示状态开始的系动词：
1） He became fat（or poor，well-known，discouraged）．This system became quickly spread．This book became widely read by young people．Our country is becoming richer and richer，stronger and stronger Many of the newcomers became accustomed to this cold climate．
He got sick（or angry，shy，weak，lazy，careless，wet，ready，red，rich，free，shocked，shot，killed，fired，scolded，stung，burried，confused，lost，washed，dressed，engaged，interested，married）．He got to be （=became）rich（or friendly）．It got to be dearer now．The gum gets sore．It got cold（or dark，worse，better，loose）．（Become表示结果，get表示过程。）
2） He grew（=gradually became）strong（or wild，faint，more and more foolish，excited，tired，introxicated in a minute，accustomed to it）．It grew wild（or thick，tame，small）．It grew ripe（or sweet）．
He turned false（or pale，red）．It turned bad（or yellow，colder）．（比较：He was turned（of）［=was past］sixty．）
He went mad（or blind，deaf，bald，lame，crazy，wild，red，white，sick，pale，dry，wrong，native，distracted，drunk，lost）．It went bad（or sour，grey，dark，stale，rotten）．The engine（or The telephone）has gone dead．
The plan goes unheard and unnoticed．
3）His dream came true．The bill came due．The door came unhinged．How came they acquainted？How came you（to be）so rude？It came cheap．She is coming sixteen．The seam came unstitched（or unsewn）．The knot came untied．He came awake（or square are with her）．He came over（=grew）feverish （or sleepy）．The weather came over cloudy．He came（or ranked）first．
He ran wild（or mad）．The river ran dry（or high，low，deep，thick）．The prices ran high．Provisions ran short（or low）．The business does not run smooth．The beast ran loose．
He fell asleep（or dead，ill，tired，faint，dumb，silent，lame）．It fell calm（or dark，flat），The note fell due to me．The rent fell due．（Cf．Ten dollars is due to you．My salary is due tomorrow．）The night fe11 dark．The post fell vacant．The supp