TheAnalysisofHeathcliff.doc

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论希斯克利夫的悲剧命运

提纲

一、对小说《呼啸山庄》的介绍
1. 介绍小说的作者艾米丽.勃朗特
2. 介绍小说的社会背景
3. 介绍小说的简要内容

二、介绍希斯克利夫的悲剧命运

三、希斯克利夫悲剧构成因素
1. 个人性格方面
(1). 寄人篱下的生活
(2). 辛德雷的折磨
2. 爱情因素方面
(1). 与凯瑟琳的深爱和背叛
(2). 凯瑟琳的死亡
3. 社会原因方面

四、希斯克利夫悲剧命运的现实意义

五、总结

注释

参考书目

The Analysis of Heathcliff’s Tragic Fate

Outline

I. The Brief Review of Wuthering Heights
A. The Introduction of Emily
B. The Background of This Novel
C. The Brief Contents of Novel

II. The Tragic Fate of Heathcliff

III. The Factors of Heathcliff’s Tragic Fate
A. The Individual Factors
1. Living Under Another's Roof
2. Intermittently Torture by Hindley
B. The Love Factors
1. The Deep Love and Betrayal of Catherine
2. The Death of Catherine
C. The Social Factors

IV. The Realistic Significance of Heathcliff’s Tragedy

V. Conclusion.

Notes

Bibliography

论希斯克利夫的悲剧命运

摘要

小说《呼啸山庄》是艾米丽·勃朗特的代表作，通过这部小说艾米丽·勃朗特塑造了一个性格扭曲、残忍暴戾的男主人公希斯克利夫形象，他是一个被社会扭曲了人性的悲剧角色。本文将从个人因素、爱情因素以及社会因素来分析希斯克利夫的悲剧命运。从个人因素来说，希斯克利夫是一个弃儿，虽然被老欧肖带到了家里面像自己孩子般的抚养，然而随着老肖恩的去世，希斯克利夫的痛苦生活便开始了，他受尽了辛德雷的折磨和侮辱。从爱情因素来说，凯瑟琳和他之间深厚的爱以及日后对他的背叛是造成他悲剧命运的又一主要原因。最后从社会原因来说，主人公生活在维多利亚时代，世俗的等级观念到处横行，人们普遍认为身份第一，金钱至上，人们的精神受到强烈的压制，人性被残酷的扭曲。而希斯克利夫正是一个被这样的资本主义社会扭曲的灵魂，原本善良的他经历了社会的残忍和无情，变成了恶魔，其悲剧也是那个时代的悲剧。

关键词：希斯克利夫；悲剧角色；个人因素；爱情因素；社会因素

The Analysis of Heathcliff’s Tragic Fate

Abstract

The novel Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Emily Bronte, through the novel Emily Bronte creates an image of a character twisted and cruel violent hero Heathcliff, He is a tragic role that distorted by the human society. This paper analyses the Heathcliff’s tragic fate from the individual character factors, love and social factors. From the individual factors, Heathcliff is an orphan, although he is taken home by Mr.earnshaw, however with the death of Mr.earnshaw, Heathcliff’s miserable life has to be started. He is tortured and humiliated badly by Hindley. From the love factor, the deep love between him and Catherine as well as Catherine’s betrayal is another main reason of his tragic fate. Finally, from the social factors, Heathcliff lives in the capitalist society, the conception of secular hierarchy ran rampantly, it is generally accepted that the identity and the money is the supremacy. And the spirit of people is strongly suppressed; the human nature is also cruelly twisted. And Heathcliff is such a soul that twisted by the capitalist society，he experiences such a cruel and heartless social and becomes a demon, his tragic fate is also a tragedy of that times.

Key Words: Heathcliff; tragic fate; individual factors; love; social factors

Contents

中文摘要.........................................................................................................................i
Abstract………………………………………………………………...………….…..ii
Introduction……………………………………………………………...……….....…1
I. The Brief Review of Wuthering Heights……………...………………...……….…..2
A. The Introduction of Emily………………………………………..……….…..2
B. The Background of This Novel……..……………...……………..……….….3
C. The Brief Contents of the Novel……………..………………..…….….……..4
II. The Tragic Fate of Heathcliff……………………….…………………….…..……6
III. The Factors of Heathcliff’s Tragic Fate…………………………………..….….....7
A. The Individual Factors……...……………………………………..…….…… 7
1. Live Under Another's Roof…...…….……………………..……….…….. 7
2. Intermittently Torture by Hindley……………………...…….……………8
B. The Love Factors……..…………………………………………………….. 10
1. The Deep Love and Betrayal of Catherine………………….……………10
2. The Death of Catherine…………………………………………………...11
C. The Social Factors………………………………………………..………….12
IV. The Realistic Significance of Heathcliff’s Tragedy………………….…………...14
V. Conclusion………………………………………………………….….………….15
Notes…………………………………………………………………….……………16
Bibliography…………………………………………………………….……………17

The Analysis of Heathcliff’s Tragic Fate

Introduction

The English female novelist Emily Bronte is world-renowned for her wonderful novel: Wuthering Heights. Since the publication of this novel, from the initial skepticism, and later the highly respect, the critics have never stopped working on it. Now the Wuthering Heights is considered to be a monument masterpiece, and Emily receives a highly appraise of it, on the other hand, it has established a highly position in the history of Britain and world literature. And the comments on the hero in this novel are also divergent. In this novel, Emily shapes a tragic image of a character twisted and cruel violent hero Heathcliff. And the following is the composition of the various factors of this tragic figure. The hero Heathcliff is an outcast, he doesn’t know whom his parents are, and Mr.Earnshaw takes him back to the Wuthering Heights. But unfortunately, he isn’t popular in the family, Hindley hates him badly, and housekeeper doesn’t accept this wild child in her heart. After a period of time, Catherine becomes affectionate toward him, during that time Heathcliff feels love from the Mr.earnshaw and Catherine. But after the death of Mr.Earnshaw, Heathcliff’s miserable life is really started. He suffers brutal torment from Hindley. Heathcliff grown up in such an environment, his character becomes lonely, and unreasonable, the hatred accumulates in his heart. And on the other hand his lover Catherine’s betrayal is another main element of his tragic fate. Losing Catherine makes him incomplete and his original introversion becomes more eccentric, it turns Heathcliff’s love for Catherine into deep hatred, the hatred busts out like a volcano, and becomes a crazy revenge motivation. He not only let the Hindley and Edgar died embittered but also dominates the two manor’s industry, let their innocent next generation also suffers bitter pill. Finally, the distortion of Heathcliff’s character roots in the Victorian times, the wealthy elite are smug, extortion, their hierarchy is a right word at that times. Heathcliff lives in the cracks, he faces all sorts of course and torture, thus all above these factors contribute his tragedy.
I. The Brief Review of the Wuthering Heights

Emily Bronte is a famous British writer of genius in Victorian Times, Wuthering Heights is her great masterpiece, and this novel demonstrates an abnormal life through a tragedy of the hero, it describes all terrible things that distorted by the deformity society.

A. The Introduction of Emily Bronte

Emily Bronte was born in Thornton, she was the younger sister of Charlotte Bronte, in 1824, her family moved to Haworth, where Emily's father was perpetual curate, and it was in this environment her literary gradually flourishe. After the death of their mother, the three sisters and their brother Patrick Branwell Bronte created imaginary lands, which were featured in stories they write, Little of Emily's works from this period survived, except for poems spoken by characters. In 1838, Emily commenced work as a governess at Miss Patchett's Ladies Academy at Law Hill School leaving after about six months due to homesickness. Later, with her sister Charlotte, she attended a private school in Brussels. On the other hand, her father's bookshelf offers a variety of reading: the Bible, Homer, Virgil, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron, Scott and many others, the children also read enthusiastically articles on current affairs and intellectual disputes.
Unlike her sister Charlotte, Emily had no close friends. She wrote a few letters and interested in mysticism. It was the discovery of Emily's poetic talent by Charlotte that led her and her sisters to publish a joint collection of their poetry in 1846, Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. To evade contemporary prejudice against female writers, the Bronte sisters adopte androgynous first names. All three retaine the same initials: Charlotte became Currer Bell, Anne became Acton Bell and Emily became Ellis Bell.
During their stay in Brussels in 1842, Emily's health, like her sisters', had been weakened by the harsh local climate at home and at school. She caught a cold during the funeral of her brother in September, which led to tuberculosis. Refusing medical help, she died on December 19th, 1848 at about two in the afternoon.
Though Emily Bronte lives a very short life and seldom away from home, she is much more a genius than her elder sister. A surprisingly simple, strong but reserved person, she is rather shy in society and never at ease when away from the wild moor. she has known so well from childhood. She has a passionate love for the wilderness of the moor in all seasons and enjoyed staying as much as she would. In other words, she is very much a child of nature.
As far as Emily’s literary creation is concerned, she is, first of all, a poet. Her 193 poems, mostly devote to the matter of nature with its mysterious workings and its unaccountable influence upon people’s life, the works are strange sublimity and beauty. They are ample proof for the poetic genius of this young woman. But to the common readers, she is better known today as the author of that most fascinating novel: Wuthering Heights.

B. The Background of the Novel

Emily published her only novel Wuthering Heights in the 1847, but this novel did not received immediate success as her elder sister Charlotte's Jane Eyre. Its innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics. Although it received mixed reviews when it first came out, it had acclaimed later fame as one of the most intense novels written in the English language, the book subsequently became an English literary classic. In 1850, Charlotte edited and published Wuthering Heights as a stand-alone novel and under Emily's real name.
This novel happened in the nineteenth Century, at that time, the capitalism was developing and increasingly exposed its inherent flaw: the conflicts between employs and employees became more and more sharply; the large number poor unemployed workers; a lots of child labor was brutally tortured to death. On the other side, Britain was a patriarchal society. It divided people into rank or grade, the class conflicts was very serious and the hierarchy was impregnable. People were not only deprived and exploited by the decadent aristocracy but also bullied by the emerging bourgeoisie. Women and the proletarian were in the low status, they were almost deprived of all being a human being. The fate of the Middle-class women were very miserable, because they were treated as the property and status symbol, depended on a man for life – father, husband, brother or their son. For them, marriage was their best end – result.
In such the conditions, the heroine Catherine had been in isolated and helpless situation from firs to last, so did the hero Heathcliff. Heathcliff was in low position and tutored by Hindley, Catherine was the only sunshine in his miserable life ,But Catherine married Edgar that she did not love because her vanity and silly, she can’t get rid of the influence that she would marry a rich one who was in equal status to her. Catherine’s marriage prevented Heathcliff’s only warm love and made him crazy, and led to his demonic revenge.

C. The Brief Contents of Novel

Wuthering Heights shows us a story about love and revenge: the abandoned boy Heathcliff was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw and lived with Mr. Earnshaw’s son Hindley and daughter Catherine. Hindley disliked Heathcliff. He insulted and maltreated Heathcliff in every possible way after Mr. Earnshaw’s death. At the same time, peculiar emotion occurred between Catherine and Heathcliff. Because of vanity and ignorance, Catherine decided to marry Linton. Heathcliff left Wuthering Heights in a dark night with anger. Catherine looked for him in rainstorm, and she was ill badly after that. A year later, Catherine and Edgar got married. Three years had passed, Heathcliff returned. He became a handsome man. But his eyes was filled with wildness, he came back to revenge. Hindley, who was the host of Wuthering Heights, kept Heathcliff staying in Wuthering Heights due to his fortune. Heathcliff induced Hindley to play cards, drink alcohol. At last, he bankrupted, mortgaged the whole Wuthering Heights to Heathcliff. Heathcliff often went to the Thrushcross Grange, Edgar’s sister, Isabella, fell in love with him. Edgar prevented Heathcliff from coming to the Thrushcross Grange. But Isabella eloped with Heathcliff to the Wuthering Heights, and got married. After marriage, Heathcliff took action to revenge, Isabella was like a servant, she wanted to return to Thrushcross Grange, but his brother refused her. Having a child, Catherine was ill badly. When Edgar was not in, Heathcliff came to see her, they hugged each other crazily, scolded each other. Their eyes were full of tears. Catherine gave birth to a girl named Cathy in unconscious, and passed away. Heathcliff was in deep grief. He asked Catherine's ghost stay with him all the time, didn’t leave him alone.
And then Hindley died, Heathcliff became the master of the Wuthering Heights, he nurtured Hindley’s son Hareton as an impolite and uneducated boy. Isabella escaped to London; she had a boy named Linton. 12 years later, Linton grown up a beauty, too. Heathcliff abused to his son, Linton, when Edgar got worse and worse, he took Cathy to the Wuthering Heights, He forced Cathy to marry Linton, Edgar passed away, Heathcliff refused to send to the doctor, and didn’t allow anybody to look after him, only Cathy accompanied his husband until his death. A few days later, the maidservant came back, Heathcliff didn’t talk with anybody. Hareton got close to Cathy; Heathcliff saw Catherine’s spirit from Cathy’s face. His hope of revenge disappeared.
One morning, Heathcliff peddled in the swamp for a night, then came back, he was very happy. He thought that he saw Catherine, and desired to stay with Catherine. He groaned and called Catherine’s name. He asked the maidservant to bury him next to Catherine, and shut him into Catherine’s room. The next day, the maidservant found that Heathcliff passed away. At last he succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley’s and the Edgar’s, but his revenge, he got nothing though Catherine’s ghost pestered him all the time, he died in mental disorder.
Ⅱ. The Tragic Fate of Heathcliff

Heathcliff is a tragic fate hero in Wuthering Heights, he is an orphan and Mr.Earnshaw takes him back home. Earnshaw’s dote on Heathcliff leads Hindley’s jealousy and resentment. After Earnshaw’s death, Hindley begins to persecute Heathcliff. Heathcliff’s miserable life