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英文单词复数变化
名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:
如: two Marys the Henrys
monkey —— monkeys holiday —— holidays
比较: 层楼:storey —— storeys story —— stories
2) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y 为i ,再加es ; 如: baby —— babies
3) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s ; 如: photo —— photos piano —— pianos
radio —— radios zoo —— zoos
b. 加es ;如:potato —— potatoes tomato —— tomatoes
c. 均可 ; 如:zero —— zeros / zeroes
4) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s ;如: belief —— beliefs roof —— roofs
safe —— safes gulf —— gulfs
b. 去f / fe 加ves ;如:half —— halves knife —— knives
leaf —— leaves wolf —— wolves wife —— wives life —— lives thief —— thieves
c. 均可 ;如: handkerchief —— handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
5) 以s,sh,ch,x,z 等结尾的词,加es ; 如:bus —— buses watch —— watches
6) 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词,加s ; 如: license —— licenses
名词复数的不规则变化
1)child —— children foot —— feet tooth —— teeth
mouse —— mice man —— men woman —— women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和 -women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,所以复数形式为 Germans ;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形 如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar,two dollars ; a meter, two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people ;police ;cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle, 但可以说a person ;a policeman ;a head of cattle ;the English ;the British ;the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
news 是不可数名词。
the United States ;the United Nations 应视为单数。
如:The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起 来的。
以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
如:"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) ,trousers ,clothes
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双) ;suit(套) ;a pair of glasses ;two pairs of trousers
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼Quiz 1
一、根据要求改变单词
1. sandwich(复数)sandwiches2. friend(复数)friends 3. heart(复数)hearts
4. noodles(单数)noodle 5. uniform(复数)uniforms 6. flower(复数)flowers
7. butterfly(复数)butterflies8. mouth(复数)mouths 9. cookies(单数)cookie
10. juice(复数) / 11. potatoes(单数)potato 12. fish(复数)fish
13. strawberries(单数)strawberry 14. bread(复数)__/__15. oranges(单数)orange
二、用am,is, are填空
1.Look, this is my jigsaw. It is so cool.
2. I am a s tudent of Class Two, Grade Three.
3. How much is seven plus eight? Fifteen.
4. There is some water in this bottle.
5. Is that your headmaster, Mingming? Yes, it is .
6. How are you today? I am fine, thank you.
7. Are these your lichees? No, they are not.
8. What is in your room? There is a bed.
9. Where are the lemons? They are on the table.
10. There is an ant under the chair. There are two cockroaches under the table.
11. There is a clock and two pictures on the wall.
12. We are hungry. Please give us some hamburgers.
三、按要求改变句型
1. I can run fast. (改为否定句)
I can’t run fast
2. This is a picture book. (改为一般疑问句)
Is this a picture book?
3. There are some elephants in the zoo. (改为一般疑问句)
Are there any elephants in the zoo?
4. My mother is a doctor. (改为否定句)
My mother isn’t a doctor.
5. I am in the classroom. (改为否定句)
I am not in the classroom.
6. I like ice cream very much. (改为一般疑问句)
Do you like ice cream very much?
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