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2011年12月英语四六级、英语三级考试翻译攻略
与四级考试中翻译与写作题型相关。
1. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点
例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.
上面这道题是2004年1月份四级考试的一道词汇单选题，同学们不难发现，句中的submit（提交）这个考点词在2006年6月的新四级的翻译题中再次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点延续的例子很多，由于篇幅所限，就不一一列举，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译中很可能考到的，抛砖引玉，希望引起考生重视。
例1：He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner 。来源：上考试大网校，考试轻松过关
【考点探究】 本题为2003年6月四级考试的词汇单选题，handle the affairs in a friendly manner （以友好的方式处理事务）是一个核心表达，很有可能在翻译中考查。因为在这句话中，出现了考点叠加的现象：第一，give a pledge to do sth （承诺做某事）；第二，handle（处理）这个核心动词的用法；第三，in 。..manner（以。..方式）这个重要短语；考生一定要清楚，在复习词汇单选题的时候，出现考点叠加的地方一定要高度重视，容易命题。
例2：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger
【考点探究】be particular about your food（对食物挑剔）这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。除了这个表达外，还可以用be selective about your food 进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样性。
2. 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作平，一举两得。
3. 强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。
4. 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。
以上是对四级翻译冲刺部分复习的几点建议，寥寥几句，希望对广大考生有所帮助。
主题：低碳生活
问题解决性作文
1. 低碳生活受到人们的普遍欢迎
2. 低碳生活方式非常有好处
3. 我们应该如何去做
[范文]
Nowadays, there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to lead a low-carbon lifestyle which find expression in the fact that more and more commuters are using public transportation system in their daily life.
Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits. Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot to the environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate of climate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health.
We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance. And there is a diversity of measures we can take so as to lead such an environmental-friendly life. For one thing, we are expected to minimize the use of private cars, which emit a large amount of greenhouse gases. For another,
we are supposed to cultivate the public awareness of energy conservation for energy in the world today is decreasing rapidly. For instance, we can turn off electrical appliances if not necessary as well as using renewable materials. Furthermore, at our leisure, we can seek opportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.
In brief, low-carbon lifestyle is nothing but the best choice for us and only in this way can we form a harmonious relationship with the environment.
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2011年12月英语四级作文话题预测范文：食品污染
Food Contamination
From time immemorial, food contamination has become a common phenomenon in China, ranging from poisonous milk power to the plasticizers in huge quantities of Taiwan-manufactured beverages and food exported to the mainland. The public has experienced so many crises of food contamination that only the most deadly cases would create some sensations, which soon pass into oblivion with the quick occurrence of new ones.
Food contamination is indisputably detrimental. The poisonous milk power has bereaved many young couples of their innocent and lovely new babes. Some contaminated foods lead to irreversible and chronic diseases. Some affected individuals, though without visible aftermaths, may suffer from lingering psychological trauma. However, the hazards produced by food contamination are more moral than physiological—with contamination cases cropping up here and there, the credibility of the entire society has been ruined and people find nothing and nobody to be trustworthy.
Technically, food contamination is caused by the introduction of illegal additives and non-edible chemical substances into the manufactured food. Morally, it results from the sheer drive for profitability by gluttonous merchants who use cheaper, and often harmful, substitutes, all at the expense of the physical welfare of the public. To address the problem, some appeal to the moral conscience of the businessmen. But the high frequency at which contamination cases have happened makes this moral appeal feeble and futile. The ultimate solution lies in law—the profit-minded businessmen would not have a penitent heart unless they are driven to bankruptcy and taken into jail!
【参考译文】
食品污染
已记不得从何时起，食品污染在中国已成为一种司空见惯的现象，稍前有毒奶粉事件，稍近则有台湾制造并输入至大陆的大量饮料与食品中的塑化剂。民众在经历了如此之多的食品污染危机之后，以至于只有最为致命的个案才会激起一些涟漪，但随着新危机的快速涌现，此前的危机很快就被人淡忘。
无可辩驳的是，食品污染危害极大。毒奶粉已夺走了许多年轻夫妇们的无辜、可爱生儿。有些遭到污染的食物，可以导致不可逆转的慢性疾病。有些受有毒食品影响的个体，虽然并无显著的后遗症，也会遭受久久挥之不去的心理创伤的折磨。但是，食物污染所造成的危害与其说是生理层面上的，还不如说是道德层面上的。随着污染个案此起彼伏，层出不穷，整个社会的诚信已被摧毁殆尽。人们发现，任何人，任何事，都不值得信赖。
从技术上讲，食物污染是由于非法添加剂或非食用性化学物被引入到所制造的食物中。但在道德层面，它则源自利欲熏心的商人对利润的不择手段的追逐。他们采用成本更为低廉、且往往是有害的替代品，罔顾民众的身体健康。为了解决这一问题，有些人诉诸于商家的道德良知。但是，食品污染事件如此高频率的重复发生，已使这一道德诉求苍白无力，徒劳无效。终极的解决之道只有一个，那就是法律。满脑子想着如何赚钱的不良商家是绝不会心存忏悔的，除非将他们逼至破产的境地，或令其锒铛入狱！
【值得熟记的句式与短语】
1. From time immemorial已记不得从何时起，自古以来
2. a common phenomenon一种司空见惯的现象
3. poisonous milk power有毒奶粉
4. the most deadly cases最为致命的个案
5. create sensations引起轰动
6. pass into oblivion逐渐被忘却
7. bereave of使失去
8. irreversible and chronic diseases不可逆转的慢性疾病
9. lingering psychological trauma久久挥之不去的心理创伤
10. crop up here and there层出不穷
11. illegal additives非法添加剂
12. non-edible chemical substances非食用性化学物
13. sheer drive for profitability对利润的不择手段的追逐
14. gluttonous merchants利欲熏心的商人
15. at the expense of以……为代价
16. To address the problem为了解决这一问题
17. moral conscience道德良知
18. feeble and futile苍白无力
19. The ultimate solution lies in law终极的解决之道只有一个，那就是法律。
20. a penitent heart心存忏悔
2011年12月英语四级预测作文：网络课堂教学
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Will Network Classroom Replace Traditional Classroom? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1）网络课堂教学的兴起，使传统的课堂教学受到了前所未有的挑战
2）网络课堂教学模式会完全取代传统课堂教学模式吗？
3）你的看法，理由是……
【思路点拨】
本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指 出一种新兴事物，提纲第2点针对该事物提出一个有争议的观点，提纲第3点要 求表明“我”的看法，由此可判断本文应为对比 选择型作文。
根据所给提纲，本文应包含如下内容：描述网络课堂对传统课堂的挑战；提出关于网络课堂是否会取代传 统课堂的两种不同观点并说明理由；表明“我”的态度并说明理由。
Will Network Classrooms Replace Traditional Classrooms?
With the popularization of the Internet, network classrooms are gaining more and more popularity. As a new teaching pattern, network classrooms have become an effective complement to traditional classrooms. So some people propose one question: will network classrooms replace traditional classrooms?
As to this question, the opinions vary from one to another. Some people think it quite possible for network classrooms to take the place of traditional classrooms. First, network classrooms needn’t have face-to-face communication and are not limited by time and place, which facilitate both teachers and students. Secondly, network classrooms release teachers from repeating the same contents since the video or audio material can be played time and again. However, many people have opposite standpoints. They say that with online courses, students lack direct communications with teachers and their confusion cannot be solved instantly. In addition, the computer system cannot be guaranteed to work stably all the time.
Personally, both network classrooms and traditional classrooms are necessary for students. If traditional teaching patterns and the modern ones like network classrooms can be combined together, more fruitful education is sure to be realized.
主题：农民工
Why Are There So Many Rural Laborers in Big Cities?
1. 近年来越来越多的民工涌入大城市
2. 产生这一社会现象的原因
【范文】
For a number of years, there has been a steady rise in the number of rural laborers who flood into big cities. Many men work on construction sites, while many women work as dishwashers in restaurants or babysitters for city dwellers. Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this social phenomenon.
First and foremost, the limited land can no longer produce enough crops for an ever-increasing rural population. In the second place, there are far more opportunities in big cities—rural laborers dream of earning money through hard work. Last but by no means least, many of them want to live permanently in big cities, because they admire the way of living there, and wish their children to receive good education.
I firmly believe that if we try our best to create a healthy social atmosphere, rural laborers will make greater contribution to our nation.
【点评】
本题谈论的是一种社会现象。第一段首句引入某一现象，第二句举例说明，第三句是个过渡句，引起下面解释原因段落的第二段;第三段是简洁的结束语，其中的宾语从句嵌套一个状语从句。
范文首先指出大量农民工涌入大城市这一现象，并引出第二段所阐述的三个原因。首先，农村有限的土地不能满足日益增长的人口消费。其次，大城市有更多的工作机会。最后，农民工向往大城市的生活，想永远居住在大城市。末段总结指出，如果创造一个健康的社会环境，农民工就可以为国家做出更大的贡献。
第一段第二句中的construction site表示“建筑工地”，babysitter表示“帮人看孩子的人”。第二段第一点中的rural指“农村的”;第三点中的permanently和admire分别指“永久地”和“羡慕”，receive education指“接受教育”。
火车票实名制
The Real-name Train Ticket Purchase System Launched
【精彩范文】
The Real-name Train Ticket Purchase System Launched
With the largest population in the world and an underdeveloped railway system, China is notorious for making train tickets particularly hard to purchase for ordinary citizens, especially during the Spring Festival when the railway is the primary means of transportation. As a result, ticket scalpers have proliferated, monopolizing a large quantity of tickets by either hiring people to buy tickets or conspiring with the ticket sellers within the railway stations.
As the entire nation’s outrage over ticket scarcity keeps mounting, the Chinese government has introduced the drastic measure that citizens purchase train tickets with valid personal IDs. The system is designed primarily to crack down on ticket scalpers whose business has developed into a major industry. By allowing each individual to buy only one ticket, the system seeks to make tickets accessible to people in real need, rather than controlled by a small number of profit-seeking and illegal scalpers.
However, this reformatory measure, while somewhat easing ticket scarcity, creates new problems. Buyers find the whole buying process troublesome and time-consuming. When boarding the train, the passenger who forgets to bring his valid ID certificate will be denied access to the train. I believe the introduction of each new system is coupled with shortcomings and there must be ways to improve the system as it is enforced. Of course, we look forward to the day when China’s railway networks are so sufficiently developed that tickets are readily available to anyone at any time.
【参考译文】
火车票购买实名制实施
由于拥有世界上最众多的人口，但铁路系统欠发达，中国多年来一直臭名昭著，极难让普通民众顺利的买到车票； 尤其是在春节期间，火车作为人们主要的交通手段，一票难求。这样一来，票贩子们层出不穷，垄断了很大一部分票源。其做法有二：一是雇人购票，二是与火车站内的售票员狼狈为奸。
随着全体国民对购票难的愤慨之情日趋高涨，中国政府已引入了一项重大的举措，即公民凭有效个人身份证件购票。该制度主要旨在打击倒卖车票的黄牛党，其贩票生意几已形成一个庞大的产业。由于只允许每个人购买一张车票，购票实名制尽量要使车票到达真正有需求的人的手中，而不是被控制在一小撮违法乱纪、唯利是图的黄牛党手中。
然而，这一改革性举措，对票源紧缺虽有所缓解，也带来了某些新问题。购票者们发现，整个购票过程甚为繁琐，十分耗时。此外，持票登车时，忘带有效身份证件的旅客将被禁止上车。我相信，每个新体制的引入，都会伴随着这样那样的弊端。随着这一体制的不断实施，必将有方法将这一体制予以完善。当然，我们期盼着有朝一日，中国的铁路网变得如此之发达，以至于火车票对于任何人，无论在任何时候，都能得来不费吹灰之力。
【值得熟记的句式与短语】
1. an underdeveloped railway system欠发达的铁路系统
2. primary means of transportation主要的交通手段
3. ticket scalper票贩子，黄牛
4. conspire with与……勾结
5. drastic measure重大的举措
6. crack down on ticket scalpers打击倒卖车票的黄牛党
7. develop into a major industry形成一个庞大的产业
8. reformatory measure改革性举措
9. ease ticket scarcity缓解票源紧缺
10. troublesome and time-consuming繁琐、耗时
11. be denied access to the train被禁止上车
12. be coupled with与……结合，与……连接，与……配合
Drunk Driving酒驾
1. 现象 2. 原因 3. 你的看法
Drunk Driving
Most countries in the world have harsh laws aimed at penalizing drunk driving. But until recent years, drunk driving was rampant in China, due to weak legal provisions and enforcement. The past decade has witnessed tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles, most of which are private cars. The lack of legal traditions targeted at drunk driving and people’s lack of legal awareness have given rise alarming traffic casualties as a result of drunk driving.
Drunk driving has created traffic accidents whose implications extend far beyond the traffic realm. In many cases, the drunken drivers are high-ranking government officials or wealthy businessmen who could use their influence, privileges, connections and bribes to get off unpunished. This has occasioned serious social problems because justice is not done and the value of the lives of ordinary people is not duly respected. Those problems in turn contribute to the already widening inequalities between the poor and the rich in the Chinese society, to such an extent that only the institution and the enforcement of the most stringent laws can answer to the rising public complaints.
According to the law introduced since May 1 this year, anybody guilty of drunk driving would be severely fined, subjected to a 6-month detention, and deprived of his driving license. I am totally in favor of this law because it has dramatically reduced cases of drunk driving. Having committed drunk driving, wealthy businessmen, high-ranking government officials, and celebrated musicians have been arrested, sued for criminal offenses, and sentenced. All these indicate that no one is above law, which ruthlessly enforced, would benefit all of us.
醉驾入刑
世界上大多数国家都有严酷的法律，旨在惩处酒后驾车。但直至最近几年，酒后驾车在中国一直甚为猖獗，原因在于无论是所制定的法规，还是执法活动本身，都过于薄弱。过去的十年目睹了机动车数量的迅猛增长，其中大多是私家车。针对酒后驾车行为，相关法律传统的缺失，以及民众法律意识的淡漠， 已造成了令人发指的醉驾肇事交通伤亡事件。
醉驾所引发的交通事故，其含义已远远超出了交通领域本身。在相当多的醉驾案例中，醉酒的司机是政府高官，或腰缠万贯的生意人，他们可以利用其影响力、特权、人脉关系以及贿赂来逃脱法律的惩处。这便引发了严重的社会问题，因为正义无法得以伸张，普通百姓的生命的价值得不到应有的尊重。这些问题反过来又加剧了中国社会贫富阶层之间早就在日趋扩大的社会不公；其程度之严重，唯有制定并实施最严厉的法律，方能回应愈发沸腾的民怨。
按照今年五月一日起执行的法律，任何犯有醉驾罪责的人，将会接受高额罚款，处以六个月的拘役，并吊销驾照。我完全赞同这一法律，因为它已立竿见影地减少了醉驾的个案数量。在犯下醉驾罪责后，有钱的生意人、政府高官、以及著名音乐人，都纷纷遭到拘留，被提起刑事诉讼，直至判刑。所有这一切表明，没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。因此，对法律铁面无私地加以执行，必将造福于我们每个人。
1. harsh laws严酷的法律
2. be rampant猖獗
3. due to weak legal provisions and enforcement原因在于无论是所制定的法规，还是执法活动本身，都过于薄弱
4. witness tremendous increase目睹了……的迅猛增长
5. private cars私家车
6. the lack of legal traditions法律传统的缺失
7. targeted at以……为目标
8. legal awareness法律意识
9. given rise to引起，产生
10. implications extend far beyond the traffic realm含义远远超出了交通领域本身
11. in many cases在相当多的案例中
12. high-ranking government officials or wealthy businessmen政府高官或腰缠万贯的生意人
13. get off unpunished逃脱法律的惩处
14. occasioned serious social problems引发了严重的社会问题
15. justice is not done正义无法得以伸张
16. in turn反过来
17. widening inequalities between the poor and the rich贫富阶层之间日趋扩大的不公
18. to such an extent到达这样一种程度
19. the institution and the enforcement of the most stringent laws制定并实施最严厉的法律
20. answer to对……负责
21. subjected to受到, 经受
22. deprived of his driving license吊销驾照
23. be above law凌驾于法律之上
学生出勤率
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at leas
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