练习答案Book3Unit7-8.doc

Book 3 Unit 7 Active reading (1)
Dealing with unfamiliar words
3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 something harmful or unpleasant that happens to someone (misfortune)
2 neither positive nor negative (neutral)
3 relating to or involving mathematics (mathematical)
4 weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally (vulnerable)
5 happening or coming after something else (subsequent)
6 the number of times that something happens during a period of time (frequency)
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
1 Some people seem to blame all their misfortunes on bad luck.
2 Many people would argue that there is no such thing as bad luck; all events are neutral.
3 The frequency with which things seem to go wrong may depend on things like health factors.
4 Is it a mathematical certainty that toast will always fall butter side down?
5 We need to help the most vulnerable people in our society.
6 If you’re depressed, and one thing goes wrong, all subsequent events are likely to seem negative too.
5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.
1 Which is the quickest way to the town centre? (route)
2 Our math teacher’s lesson included part of yesterday’s lecture. (overlapped)
Our math teacher’s lessen overlapped with yesterday’s lecture.
3 You’ll find the statistics department in the building next to this one. (adjacent)
4 Unfortunately, two hundred people lost their jobs last month. (sacked)
Unfortunately, two hundred people were sacked last month.
5 Why do certain groups of letters stay close together in this language? (cluster)
6 The office will be closed for the whole period of the Christmas holidays. (duration)
6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If you subject something to scrutiny, do you look at it (a) carefully, or (b) superficially?
2 If something is marginally interesting, is it of (a) great interest, or (b) limited interest?
3 If a problem is alive and kicking, (a) can you ignore it, or (b) must you do something about it?
4 Is a reminder intended to (a) keep you awake, or (b) stop you forgetting?
5 If you are made redundant, have you (a) been given a job, or (b) lost your job?
6 If something crops up, were you (a) expecting it, or (b) not really expecting it to happen?
7 If you duplicate a document, do you (a) send it to someone, or (b) make a copy of it?
8 Do two consecutive events happen (a) at the same time, or (b) one after the other?
9 After physical exertion, do most people feel (a) tired, or (b) full of energy?
Reading and interpreting
7 Match the examples with the types of events.
1 a burst water pipe
(b) an extremely memorable and unfortunate event
2 a train which is late
(e) an event which could be “bad” or just “neutral”
3 buses which arrive three at a time
(d) a strange coincidence which many people claim to notice
4 losing your wedding ring
(c) the sort of event which confirms the “bad luck theory”
5 dropping a vase
(a) something which might happen because you are feeling depressed or unwell
Active reading (2)
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 to continue trying to achieve something difficult (persevere)
2 used for showing that something you say is really true (literally)
3 a new business or activity (venture)
4 the belief that you are able to do things well (confidence)
5 to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist (sustain)
6 feeling annoyed and impatient (frustrated)
5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.
I never thought I would become a musician. I’ve always liked music, but didn’t study it at school and I found it a bit (1) frustrating not to be able to read music or to sing in tune. That is, until the day I decided to learn to play the piano. It was quite a difficult (2) venture at first. The hardest thing was to (3) persevere with practice. But little by little I began to make progress, and, with it, to grow in (4) confidence. In fact, I managed to (5) sustain the enthusiasm to such an extent that, at the age of 35, I gave up my job as a data analyst to become a professional musician. In my case, music (6) literally changed my life.
6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
1 When I play the piano I usually mix different styles such as jazz and classical. (blend)
2 One of my favourite pieces of music is called The Planets. (entitled)
3 I thought I would learn quickly, but I was clearly mistaken. (evidently)
4 How much is left if we take off 80 euros from your fee? (subtract)
5 The photocopier is broken, but you can use the machine which copies images and stored them on a computer. (scanner)
6 To have such wonderful children has been a great source of happiness for us both. (blessing)
7 The new hospital is open now, but it isn’t working as it should. (functional)
7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1 If you are haunted by something, do you think about it (a) often, or (b) hardly ever?
2 If you are turned off from something, do you (a) show interest in it, or (b) lose interest in it?
3 When someone collaborates with you, do they (a) help you, or (b) prevent you from doing what you want to do?
4 Are the rudiments of musical knowledge (a) the basic facts, or (b) the most recent discoveries?
5 Does a precocious child show skills and intelligence (a) above, or (b) below the average?
6 Are excerpts from a film or a piece of music (a) short extracts, or (b) critical reviews?
7 If you do something in the intimacy of your own home, do you expect (a) strangers, or (b) only your own family to see you do it?
8 If you stumble, do you (a) fall and then keep going, or (b) fall and stop completely?
9 If you feel elated about something, do you feel (a) very happy, or (b) very sad?
Language in use
word formation: -ity and -ility
1 Look at the sentences from the passage Can bad luck be explained?
When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most important of all is the duration and memorability of the first event. There is … rational reason why bad events might cluster together. It is related to probability and independence.
Now find three more nouns ending in -ity or -ility in the passage The diva within .
Ability, musicality, activity.
2 Rewrite the sentences changing the underlined adjectives into nouns.
1 It is possible that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.
There is a possibility that the insurance won’t pay you for this accident.
2 I am not responsible for anything that happens to you.
It’s not my responsibility what happens to you.
3 I’m not sure how suitable this programme is for you.
I’m not sure of this programme’s suitability for you.
4 The fact that the calculation was complex slowed me down.
The calculation’s complexity slowed me down.
5 Being naturally curious is a characteristic of many great thinkers.
Natural curiosity is a characteristic of many great thinkers.
6 I was surprised that her behaviour was stupid.
I was surprised at the stupidity of her behaviour.
when it comes to …
3 Rewrite the sentences using when it comes to …
1 If we consider evaluating students’ work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made.
When it comes to evaluating students’ work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made.
2 If we consider the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant.
When it comes to the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant.
3 If we turn our attention to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and well-being.
When it comes to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and wellbeing.
4 In the case of learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential.
When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential.
5 If we turn our attention to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.
When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.
if only
4 Rewrite the sentences using if only .
1 I won’t be able to work out this mathematical problem unless you are quiet for a few minutes.
If only you were quiet for a few minutes, I would be able to work out this mathematical problem.
2 You won’t be able to find your way in life unless you start to understand the difference between good and bad advice.
If only you understood the difference between good and bad advice, you would be able to find your way in life.
3 I won’t be able to sleep well tonight unless I stop worrying about what happened this morning.
If only I stopped worrying about what happened this morning, I would be able to sleep well tonight.
4 The number of accidents at work won’t decrease unless people are more careful and follow the safety instructions.
If only people were more careful and followed the safety instructions, the number of accidents at work would decrease.
5 You won’t become a great singer unless you are prepared to practise at least six hours every day.
If only you practised six hours every day, you would become a great singer.
collocations
5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.
1 route A route is usually a way that buses, trains, ships or planes travel regularly.
(a) Do you know the most direct route to the centre of town?
Yes, you go along North Road and turn left at the park corner.
(b) When is it a good idea to seek an alternative route?
When there are road works or traffic jams.
(c) What do you know about the ancient trade routes between Europe and China?
The road was called the Silk Road linking China with the Roman Empire.
2 confidence This word usually means the belief in yourself or the trust you have in someone else.
(a) Are you the kind of person who gains or loses confidence when keeping failing?
I tend to see the negative aspects of things, so I’m the kind of person who loses confidence when keeping failing.
(b) What did a company do if they have to win back the confidence of the customers?
Probably they sold some stuffs of a low quality which then ruined their reputation.
(c) How will you prepare yourself in order to go into the business world with confidence?
Maybe I have to get a business degree or gain relating work experiences.
3 blend This word usually means to combine different tastes, styles or qualities in a way that is attractive or effective.
(a) If you blend the ingredients for a soup, what have you done with them?
I have mixed them together.
(b) If you blend butter with sugar, then add eggs and flour, what kind of food are you making?
A cake.
(c) What would you expect to do on a course which uses blended learning approach?
A mixture of learning methods, usually classroom sessions and computer-based learning.
4 sustain This word usually means to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist.
(a) By which means can a country sustain economic growth?
For example, to expand domestic demand, or manage to maintain its competitive edge in new technology development and international trade etc.
(b) Which other planet in our solar system do scientists believe can sustain life?
Mars.
(c) What did you do to sustain your interest in English?
I reminded myself how useful English could be.
6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.
1 Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; it’s just that the disadvantage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical. The false part of the perception is that red lights happen more than green lights. The reason for this is simply that a driver has more time to think about a red light than a green light, because while the latter is gone in seconds – and indeed is an experience no different from just driving along the open road – the red light forces a change of behaviour, a moment of exertion and stress, and then a deprivation of freedom for a minute or so. Red lights stick in the mind, while green lights are instantly forgotten.
(☞ The false part of the perception 直译为“认知中错误的部分”不妥，应译成“错觉”。第三句是一个复杂的长句，应按原文的顺序拆分成若干短句。整个段落的译文要注意对比与因果的关系。)
司机不赶时间的时候碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红灯带来的不便要小得多。认为红灯出现的次数比绿灯多其实是一种错觉。产生这种错觉的原因很简单，因为司机有更多的时间去想红灯，而绿灯的时候，车子几秒钟之内就疾驰而过了——这其实和在畅通的公路上开车没有任何区别——而红灯却迫使司机改变行为，一小会儿的时间里要强迫自己努力一下,承受点压力，还要失去一两分钟的自由。所以红灯会深深地印在司机的脑海里，而绿灯转瞬间就被抛到脑后了。
2 Can anyone learn to sing? It’s a question that haunted me as I was writing my most recent book The Singing Neanderthals. My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. Yet here I was, unable to carry a tune or match a rhythm. Friends and academic colleagues claimed this was simply because I had been “turned off” from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. Maybe they were right. So humiliated was I by music teachers who made me “sing” alone in front of the class that I dropped music at the first opportunity and haven’t participated in anything musical for over 35 years. Perhaps I could learn to sing.
(☞ 被动说法 I had been turned off from music 译成主动态更好一些。倒数第二句原文是倒装句，译文不必按原文的顺序译，但需把长句拆分成短句。)
人人都能学会唱歌吗？在撰写我最新出版的《唱着歌的尼安德特人》一书时，这个问题就一直萦绕在我的心头。我做的研究让我相信音乐才能是深深植根于人类基因中的，从进化史的角度来说，它比人类的口头语言都要古老得多。可是我本人一唱起歌来不是跑调，就是跟不上节奏。朋友们和学术同僚们都说，那都是因为我小时候对音乐失去了兴趣，只要上几节音乐课，我一定能放声歌唱。也许他们是对的。记得小时候，音乐老师们让我在全班同学面前独“唱”，让我觉得很丢脸。所以后来一有机会，我就躲开音乐，35 年来从来没有参加过任何音乐活动。说不定学一学我也能唱得不错。
7 Translate the paragraphs into English.
1 媒体对于接连发生的两件惨剧之间没有任何关系的说法表示怀疑，总统没有迅速作出反应也让大家很不满。谈到总统的执政能力，媒体早已失去信心，除非他能在随后的任期中有所作为。(consecutive; independent of; responsive; when it comes to; if only)
The media doubt the claim that the two consecutive tragedies were independent of each other, and are dissatisfied with the fact that the President was not responsive immediately. When it comes to his competence in running the government, the media have long lost their trust, if only he could do well in his subsequent term.
2 时刻牢记不要因为你的孩子成绩不好而羞辱他们，因为这种被羞辱的痛苦记忆可能会困扰孩子很长时间，使他们从小就厌学，并且会妨碍他们形成积极的生活态度。只有当父母发现孩子身上的优点，并且不断鼓励他们，孩子的发展才能得以长久。(turn off from; humiliate; haunt; identify)
Keep remembering that do not humiliate your child because they don’t gain good grades, as their memory of the humiliation will haunt them for a long time, turn them off from learning at an early age and prevent them from gaining positive attitudes towards life. The development of children can be sustained only when parents identify the strengths in their children and encourage them from time to time.

Unit 8 Active reading (1)
Dealing with unfamilia