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比亚迪F3制动器制动力测试装置的设计
比亚迪F3制动器制动力测试装置的设计(12300字) 摘 要：汽车制动性能的检测，作为机动车安全检测中最重要项目之一，一直是大家关注的焦点。制动检测设备怎样才能客观准确地检测出汽车的制动性能，使其更好地服务于社会、造福于人民，与我们的被检对象机动车的 ...
<p>比亚迪F3制动器制动力测试装置的设计(字)<br />
摘 要：制动性能的检测，作为机动车安全检测中最重要项目之一，一直是大家关注的焦点。制动检测设备怎样才能客观准确地检测出的制动性能，使其更好地服务于社会、造福于人民，与我们的被检对象机动车的现状是分不开的。对制动器制动力的检测，可以了解和掌握车辆的制动系统各主要部件是否存在故障和问题，对行车安全起到重要作用。本设计是以比亚迪F3为实例设计了一种直接检测制动器制动力的装置。经过计算，校核，验证，表明本设计是一种通用，方便，成本低，易于推广的检测仪器。经专利，文献查新表明，设计的检测装置在结构措施方面具有创新性，主要表现在夹具，省力装置的改进和创新方面，同时该装的机构原理和检测方法可以应用到其他车型上。<br />
关键词：比亚迪F3 ;制动器 ;测试仪 ;液压<br />
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The Design of BYD F3 Frictional Braking Force System Test Device<br />
Abstract: Detection of vehicle braking performance, vehicle safety inspection as one of the most important has been the focus of attention. Brake testing equipment how to objectively and accurately detect vehicle braking performance, to better serve the community for the benefit of the people, and our vehicle was seized the status of the object are inseparable. Braking force of brake testing, we can understand and master the vehicle braking system faults and major parts of the existence of the problem, play an important role on driving safety. The design is based on the example of BYD F3 was designed to directly detect a power brake system of the device. After calculation, verification, validation, show that the design is a versatile, convenient, low cost, easy-to promote the detection equipment. The patent literature search of new shows that the structural design of the detection device innovative measures, mainly in the fixture, the improvement of labor-saving devices and innovation, while the principle of the equipment and detection methods institutions can be applied to other models. <span class='Hbc512'></span> <br />
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Key word : BYD F3; Brake; Tester; Hydraulic.<br />
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比亚迪F3的介绍<br />
比亚迪F3系列车型均采用排量为1.5升的L型四缸发动机和带同步器的五速变速器。<br />
比亚迪F3为全金属车身结构、承载式车体、前悬架为麦弗逊式独立悬架，后悬架为拖曳臂式悬架。<br />
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<p class='Hbc512'></p> <br />
<p> <p class='Hbc512'></p> </p><P></P>
<p>六层住宅楼设计(含建筑图,结构图)(选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,外文翻译,中期检查报告,计算书字,实习报告,17张图纸)<br />
毕业设计说明书中文摘要<br />
本设计主要讲述了淮安奥体国际星城8#住宅楼建筑结构设计的设计过程，它为钢筋混凝土框架结构。共六层，底层为车库，层高3米。建筑物总高度为20.7米。<br />
本住宅楼属于建筑中的民用筑类，在设计计算中参考了较多的相关书目，并且严格按照建筑设计规范来完成建的。其主要分为两大部分：<br />
第一部分为建筑设计。建筑设计是在总体规划的前提下，根据任务书的要求，综合考虑基地环境，使用功能，结构施工，材料设备，建筑设计及建筑艺术问题，解决建筑物的使用功能和空间的安排。依据建筑物的概念，建筑方针的原则，完成了住宅楼以下几方面的设计：建筑布局，基本单元设计，公共部分设计，空间组合设计，屋面设计，建筑立面设计及建筑防火设计等等。<br />
第二部分为结构设计。结构设计由荷载计算，框架结构的受力分析，计算和设计，楼板设计，楼梯设计和基础设计等组成。该建筑的抗震设防烈度为7度，抗震等级为三级，考虑水平地震作用和风荷载对横向框架的影响，采用D值法计算内力。竖向荷载作用下，横向框架内力计算采用分层法计算，而内力组合比较了竖向荷载组合和竖向荷载与地震力组合时对框架梁，柱产生的不利影响，取两者中较大值对框架梁，柱进行截面设计。 <p class='Uqt990'></p> <br />
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关键词 钢筋混凝土，框架，结构设计<br />
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毕业设计说明书外文摘要<br />
Title The design of No.8 residential building of the Ao Ti Guo Ji Xing Chen <br />
Abstract<br />
This thesis tell the design processes of The design of No.9 residential building of the Ao Ti Guo Ji Xing Chen。It is six -layer reinforced concrete frame. It has six stories, the height of the first storey is 3 meters, and the height of other stories are all 3 meters. The height of the whole building is 20.7 meters.<br />
The teaching building belong to public buildings of civil building, in design of calculating consulting more relevant booKlists, and finished according to the design specification of the building strictly. This design is divided into two major parts mainly: <p class='Uqt990'></p> <br />
The first part is the architectural design。The architectural design is on the premise of master plan, according to the request of tasK booK, considering the base environment synthetically, the function of use, the structure constructs, material equipment, architectural design and artistic question of the building , solve the function of use of the building and arrangement in the space. Whether according to concept design of building, principle policy of building,the design should finish the following aspects. The overall arrangement of the building , the elementary cell is designed, the public part is designed, the space is made up and designed, the roofing is designed, the elevation design of the building and building fire prevention and design etc..<br />
The second part is structural design. Structural design is consisted by calculation of wind load ,design of frame, stair design, board design with the foundation designing etc. maKing up. Should build provide fortification against earthquaKes earthquaKe intensity 7 , antidetonation grade for being tertiary , consider horizontal earthquaKe function impact on horizontal frame and apply the method of for D calculate ,Vertical to load function, horizontal frame internal force calculate and adopt the method of to assign France, and internal force maKe up vertical to is it maKe up and not vertical to load with earthquaKe strength setting a roof beam in place to frame <br />
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Keywords: reinforced concrete, frame, the design of the structure<br />
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工程概况<br />
本结构为六层框架公寓，占地810m2，建筑面积4860m2。采用现浇钢筋混凝土结构，设计使用年限为50年。结构安全等级为二级。建筑抗震设防分类为丙类，抗震设计防烈度为7度，设计地震分组为第一组，框架的抗震等级为三级。室内设计标高为±0.00，室内外高差450mm。<br />
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平面设计<br />
1.2.1建筑总平面布置<br />
见图纸建筑设计总说明。<br />
1.2.2 柱网布置<br />
框架结构<br />
1.3 剖面设计(见建筑施工图)<br />
1.3.1 楼层层高<br />
楼层层高3.0m<br />
1.3.2 室内外高差<br />
室内外高差0.45m<br />
1.3.3 门、窗<br />
均为铝合金门窗。<br />
1.4 立面设计（见建筑施工图）<br />
1.4.1 立面设计说明<br />
1.4.2 外墙面做法<br />
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2 结构设计<br />
2.1 结构方案的选择及结构布置<br />
2.1.1 结构方案的确定<br />
全现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构。<br />
2.1.2 基础类型的确定<br />
上部结构荷载不大，且地基比较均匀、地基承载力适中故可选独立基础设计。 <p class='Uqt990'></p> </p>
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<p>摘要<br />
本课题为新校区1#实验楼的设计，4层，建筑面积约3000m2，长42m，宽16.8m，高14.95m。采用钢筋混凝土。首先，根据设计出的建筑方案及所选用的建筑材料及做法，确定结构计算简图，进行荷载和内力计算，绘制了相应的内力图；其次，进行结构内力组合，确定结构控制截面的弯矩、剪力和轴力设计值。最后，根据已经计算出的结构控制截面的内力值，对梁、板、柱、基础等进行配筋计算，并绘制了相应的结构施工图。同时，本文采用PKPM软件进行电算，以保证计算结果的可靠性，并达到同手算结果对比、分析的目的。<br />
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关键词 框架结构，内力，配筋，控制截面<br />
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外文摘要<br />
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Title The Design Of Huaizhou New Campus 1 # Experiment Building <br />
Abstract <br />
The topic is the design of Huaizhou New Campus 1 # Experiment Building, four layers, the area of construction is about 3000m2, the length of the building is 42m, the width is 16.8m and the height is 14.95m. This building is reinforced concrete frame structure. First of all, according to architectural drawing of design, building material and method, determine schematic calculation, thus completing the load and internal forces calculation, drawing a map corresponding to the internal forces; Secondly, proceed the structure internal force combination, determine the structure control sectional bending moment, shearing force and ax force design value. Finally, according to already calculate structure control sectional internal force value, the beam, slab and columns, the foundation being reinforced, and the mapping of the corresponding structure construction plan. At the same time, we used the software PKPM to ensure the reliability of results, and achieve the purpose of analysis, contrast the result which was calculated by hand. <span class='Ddl686'></span> <br />
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Keywords frame construction, internal force,reinforcement, control section<br />
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本方案采用框架结构，框架结构是由梁、柱、节点及基础组成的结构形式，横梁和立柱通过节点连成一体，形成承重结构，将荷载传至基础。其特点是承重系统与非承重系统有明确的分工，支承建筑空间的骨架与梁，柱是承重系统，而分割室内外空间的围护结构和轻质隔墙是不承重的，这种结构形式强度高，整体性好刚度大，抗震性好，开窗自由。本方案为中学实验楼，考虑到工作等各方面的要求，设置应合理，采光、通风良好，同时还要合理安排辅助房间，并配置良好的室外绿化等。<br />
框架结构体系的优点是建筑平面布置灵活，能获得较大的使用空间，建筑立面容易处理，可以适应不同的房屋造型。同时，在结构性能方面，框架结构属于柔性结构，自振周期较长，地震反应较小，经过合理的结构设计可以具有较好的延性性能。我国定义8层及8层以上的建筑为高层建筑，一般认为8层以下房屋属多层建筑，钢筋混凝土框架结构多用于多层建筑，较少用于高层建筑，因为当房屋的高度超过一定的范围时，框架结构侧向刚度较小，水平荷载作用下侧移较大，从受力合理和控制造价的角度，现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构一般不超过60米，地震区现浇钢筋混凝土框架，当设防烈度为7度、8度、9度、时高度一般不超过55米、45米和25米。 <span class='Ddl686'></span> <br />
框架结构是由梁、柱、节点及基础组成的结构形式，横梁和柱，通过节点连为一体，形成承重结构，将荷载传至基础，整个房屋全部采用这种结构形式的称为框架结构或纯框架结构，框架可以是等跨或不等跨的，也可以是层高相同或不完全相同的，有时因工艺和使用要求，也可能在某层抽柱或某跨抽梁，形成缺梁、缺柱的框架。<br />
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6.1 梁的配筋计算 34<br />
6.1.1 边跨梁配筋计算 34<br />
6.1.2 中跨梁配筋计算 36<br />
6.2 框架柱配筋计算 36<br />
6.2.1 框架柱的纵向受力钢筋计算 36<br />
6.2.2 斜截面受剪承载力计算 38<br />
7 楼板设计和计算 42<br />
7.1 屋面板计算 42<br />
7.1.1 荷载计算 42<br />
7.1.2 按弹性理论计算 42<br />
7.2 楼面板计算 43<br />
7.2.1 荷载计算 43<br />
7.2.2 按弹性理论计算 43<br />
7.2.3 截面设计 44<br />
8楼梯设计 45<br />
8.1 梯段板设计 45<br />
8.1.1荷载计算 45<br />
8.1.2 截面设计 45<br />
8.2平台板计算 46<br />
8.2.1荷载计算 46<br />
8.2.2截面设计 46<br />
8.3 平台梁计算 46<br />
8.3.1 荷载计算 46 <br />
8.3.2 内力计算 47<br />
8.3.3 截面计算 47<br />
9 基础设计 48<br />
9.1 设计资料 48<br />
9.2 基础梁配筋计算 48<br />
9.3 冀板的承载力计算 51<br />
9.3.1 边基础冀板的承载力计算 51<br />
9.3.2 中基础冀板的承载力计算 52<br />
10 电算 52<br />
结论 106<br />
致谢 107<br />
参考文献 108<br />
附录 109 </p><P></P>
<p>摘要<br />
本工程为致典办公楼工程，采用，主体为六层，本地区抗震设防烈度为7度，场地类别为II类场地。基本风压0.30KN/M，基本雪压0.30 KN/M。楼﹑屋盖均采用现浇钢筋混凝土结构。<br />
本设计贯彻“实用、安全、经济、美观”的设计原则。按照建筑设计规范，认真考虑影响设计的各项因素。根据结构与建筑的总体与细部的关系。<br />
本设计在确定框架布局之后，先进行了层间荷载代表值的计算,接着利用顶点位移法求出自震周期，进而按底部剪力法计算水平地震荷载作用下大小，进而求出在水平荷载作用下的结构内力（弯矩、剪力、轴力）。接着计算竖向荷载（恒载及活荷载）作用下的结构内力。是找出最不利的一组或几组内力组合。 选取最安全的结果计算配筋并绘图。此外还进行了结构方案中的室内楼梯的设计。完成了平台板，梯段板，平台梁等构件的内力和配筋计算及施工图绘制。对楼板进行了配筋计算，本设计采用桩基础，对基础承台和桩进行了受力和配筋计算。<br />
整个结构在设计过程中，严格遵循相关的专业规范的要求，参考相关资料和有关最新的国家标准规范，对设计的各个环节进行综合全面的科学性考虑。总之，适用、安全、经济、使用方便是本设计的原则。设计合理可行的建筑结构方案是现场施工的重要依据。 <span class='Aka530'></span> <br />
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关键词： 框架结构，抗震设计，荷载计算，内力计算，计算配筋 <br />
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Guilin Zhidian office building <br />
Student: WEI De- zheng Teacher: CHEN Dong-hui<br />
Abstract: This works for the city of Guilin Zhidian office building, a framework structure for a six-storey main, in the region earthquake intensity of 7 degrees site classification as Class II venues. the basic Pressure 0.30 KN / M, basic snow pressure 0.30KN/M. Floor roof were using cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure.<br />
The design and implement "practical, security, economic, aesthetic," the design principles. With the architectural design, design seriously consider the influence of the various factors. According to the structural and architectural detail and the overall relationship.<br />
In determining the distribution framework, the first layer of representative value of the load, Then use vertex from the displacement method for earthquake cycle, and then at the bottom of shear horizontal seismic load calculation under size, then calculated the level of load under the Internal Forces (bending moment, shear and axial force). Then calculate vertical load (constant load and live load) under the Internal Forces. Identify the most disadvantaged group or an internal force several combinations. Select the best safety results of the reinforcement and Mapping. In addition, the structure of the program indoor staircase design. Completion of the platform boards, boards of the ladder, platform beam component and the reinforcement of internal forces calculation and construction mapping. On the floor reinforcement calculation, the use of pile foundation design, foundation and pile caps for the force and reinforcement calculation. <span class='Aka530'></span> <br />
The whole structure of the design process, in strict compliance with the relevant professional standard, reference to relevant information and the latest national standards and specifications, and design of the various components of a comprehensive scientific considerations. In short, application, security, economic and user-friendly design is the principle. Design reasonable and workable structure of the program is the construction site of the important basis for the construction.<br />
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Key words: Frame Structure,Seismic Design ，Load Calculation，Internal force calculation，Calculation reinforcement<br />
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工程概况<br />
拟建以综合办公楼，建筑主体结构共有6层，主体总高23.7m，无地下室， 1层层高3.9m，其余层层高均为3.6m；突出屋面的塔楼为电梯机房和楼梯间3.3m。建筑面积4391m2，占地面积842m2。<br />
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自然地表下1m内为填土，填土下3m厚为硬塑性粘土，再下为砾石层。粘土允许承载力为180kN/m2，砾石层允许承载力为300kN/m2。地下水位在地表以下2m，水质对混凝土无侵蚀。地震设计烈度7度，建筑场地类别为Ⅱ类，场地特征周期为0.35s，基本雪压0.30kN/m2。基本风压0.35 kPa，地震分组第一组，场地土类别Ⅱ类。 <span class='Aka530'></span> <br />
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结构布置及计算简图<br />
该工程采用全现浇结构体系，1～5层混凝土强度等级为C40，以上层为C30。填充墙采用240mm厚的粘土空心砖结构，楼板厚度取100mm。梁截面高度按梁跨度的1/12~1/8估算，宽度按高度的（1/2~1/3）估算。 <p class='Aka530'></p> </p>
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目录 字<br />
1.1 工程概况 1 <p class='Aka530'></p> <br />
1.2 结构布置及计算简图 1<br />
1.3 重力荷载计算 5<br />
1.3.1 屋面及楼面的永久荷载标准值 5<br />
1.3.2 屋面及楼面可变荷载标准值 6<br />
1.3.3墙体及门窗自重 6<br />
1.3.4 梁、柱重力荷载计算 7<br />
1.4 框架侧移刚度计算 10<br />
1.5 横向水平荷载作用下框架结构的内力荷载和侧移计算 13<br />
1.5.1 横向水平地震作用下框架结构的内力和侧移计算 13<br />
1.5.1.1 横向自振周期计算 13<br />
1.5.1.2 水平地震作用及楼层剪力计算 14<br />
1.5.1.3 水平地震作用下的位移验算 16<br />
1.5.1.4 水平地震作用下框架内力计算 17<br />
1.5.2 横向风荷载作用下框架结构内力和侧移计算 20<br />
1.5.2.1 风荷载标准值 20<br />
1.5.2.2风荷载作用下的水平位移验算 22<br />
1.5.2.3 风荷载作用下框架结构内力计算 24 <span class='Aka530'></span> <br />
1.6 竖向荷载作用下框架结构的内力计算 26<br />
1.6.1.横向框架内力计算 26<br />
1.6.1.1计算单元 26<br />
1.6.1.2荷载计算 27<br />
1.6.1.3内力计算 30<br />
1.6.2 横向框架内力组合 35<br />
1.6.2.1 结构的抗震等级 35<br />
1.6.2.2 框架梁内力组合 35<br />
1.6.2.3 框架柱内力组合 37<
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