Birthstone.doc

Birthstone
Month
月份
Birthstone
生辰宝石
Symbol
美好象征
January
一月
Garnet
石榴石
Faithful Eternal Sincerity
忠诚、永恒、真诚
February
二月
Amethyst
紫晶
Honest Gentle
诚实、平和
March
三月
Aquamarine
海蓝宝石
Composure Brave Clever
沉着、勇敢、聪明
April
四月
Diamond
钻石
Blanche
纯洁无暇
May
五月
Emerald
祖母绿
Luck Happiness
幸运、幸福
June
六月
Pearl
珍珠
Health Longevity Rich
健康、长寿、富贵
July
七月
Ruby
红宝石
Warmth Kind-heartedness Dignity
热情、仁爱、尊严
August
八月
Peridot
橄榄石
Harmony
夫妻幸福、和睦
September
九月
Sapphire
蓝宝石
Kindness Honest
慈爱、诚实
October
十月
Opal
欧泊
Happy Peace
欢喜、安乐
November
十一月
Topaz
黄玉
Friendship Hope
友情、希望、洁白
December
十二月
Turquoise
绿松石
The sure of success
成功的保证
Garnet（石榴石）
Garnet species are found in many colors including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, black, pink and colorless.
The rarest of these is the blue garnet, discovered in the late 1990s in Bekily, Madagascar. It is also found in parts of the United States, Russia and Turkey. It changes color from blue-green in the daylight to purple in incandescent light, as a result of the relatively high amounts of vanadium（V）.
不同种类的石榴石有很多不同的颜色，包括红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫、棕、黑、粉红及透明。
其中最罕见的蓝石榴石，于1990年代后期在马达加斯加贝基利（Bekily）首先被发现。此外在美国部分地区、俄罗斯及土耳其亦有其踪影。因为高钒含量的关系，它的颜色在白热光（incandescent）下会由蓝绿色转为紫色。
Amethyst（紫晶）
Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (SiO2) and owes its violet color to irradiation , iron impurities and the presence of trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions . The hardness of the mineral is the same as quartz, thus it is suitable for use in jewelry.
Pure quartz, traditionally called rock crystal (sometimes called clear quartz), is colorless and transparent or translucent. Common colored varieties include citrine, rose quartz(pink quartz), prasiolite, rutilated quartz, amethyst, smoky quartz and milky quartz.
紫晶是一种紫色的石英（SiO2），它的紫罗兰色具有独特的光彩，铁和其他微量元素是它的致色原因，也导致它独特的晶格结构。紫晶的硬度和石英一样，所以它很适合做珠宝。
纯净的石英，习惯上叫做水晶（有时也叫做无色的石英），它是无色的透明的或者半透明的。常见的石英有很多种类的颜色，包括黄晶，玫瑰晶（粉晶），绿晶，发晶，紫晶，烟晶和乳水晶。
Aquamarine（海蓝宝石）
Aquamarine (from Latin: aqua marina, "water of the sea") is a blue or turquoise variety of beryl. It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl.
Common beryl include aquamarine, emerald, goshenite(also know as “colorless beryl"), morganite(also known as "pink beryl", "rose beryl", and"pink emerald"), red beryl (also known as "red emerald" or "scarlet emerald"), golden beryl and heliodor.
绿柱石（从拉丁语：阿夸玛丽娜，“水的海洋”）是一种蓝色的或蓝绿色的绿柱石。在大多数出产普通的绿柱石的地方都有海蓝宝石。
常见的绿柱石包括海蓝宝石、祖母绿、白柱石（也叫做“无色绿柱石”），铯绿柱石(也称为“粉红绿柱石”、“玫瑰绿柱石”、“粉红祖母绿”)、红色绿柱石（也称为“红色祖母绿”或“朱红色祖母绿”）、金色绿柱石和黄色绿柱石。
Diamond（钻石）
The most familiar usage of diamonds today is as gemstones used for adornment - a usage which dates back into antiquity. In the twentieth century, four characteristics known informally as the four Cs are now commonly used as the basic descriptors of diamonds: carat, cut, color, and clarity.
现今最常见的钻石用法是作为宝石用于装饰——可以追溯到古代。在21世纪，钻石的四个特性“4C”作为厘定钻石价值高低的标准，即克拉数、颜色、净度、和切割。
Emerald（祖母绿）
Emerald is a rare and valuable gemstone and, as such, it has provided the incentive for developing synthetic emeralds.
Most emeralds are highly included, so their toughness is classified as generally poor.
Emeralds come from three main emerald mining areas in Colombia.
祖母绿是一种罕见而有价值的宝石,同样,它的高价值，间接激励了合成祖母绿的发展。
大多数祖母绿生成于常受应力挤压的岩层，祖母绿晶体外型几乎都是破碎的。
现今生产祖母绿较有名的产地，首推哥伦比亚的三大产地。
Pearl（珍珠）
Freshwater and saltwater pearls may sometimes look quite similar, but they come from different sources.
Freshwater pearls form in various species of freshwater mussels, family Unionidae, which live in lakes, rivers, ponds and other bodies of fresh water. However, most freshwater cultured pearls sold today come from China.
Saltwater pearls grow within pearl oysters, family Pteriidae, which live in oceans. Saltwater pearl oysters are usually cultivated in protected lagoons or volcanic atolls.
淡水珍珠和海水珍珠有时看上去很相似,但他们来自不同的生产方式。
淡水珍珠是在不同的珠蚌类里成长的，他的母体是无脊椎的珠蚌，生活在湖泊、河流、池塘和其他的淡水。然而,大多数现在售出的淡水养殖珍珠来自中国。
海水珍珠是在不同的珍珠贝里成长的，他的母体是无脊椎的珍珠贝，生活在海洋。海水珍珠通常栽培在保护的珊瑚岛或火山岩附近的河塘。
Ruby（红宝石）
A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Its name comes from ruber, Latin for red. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. The ruby is considered one of the four precious stones, together with the sapphire, the emerald, and the diamond.
Prices of rubies are primarily determined by color. The brightest and most valuable "red" called pigeon blood-red, commands a huge premium over other rubies of similar quality.
Ruby under a normal light (top) and under a green laser light (bottom). Red light is emitted.
红宝石是一种粉红色到血红色的宝石, 是刚玉的一种，主要成分是氧化铝（Al2O3），红色来自铬（Cr）。自然界中其他颜色的刚玉被认为是蓝宝石。红宝石被认为是四大名贵宝石之一，其他的是蓝宝石、祖母绿、钻石。
红宝石的价格主要取决于红宝石的颜色。最亮、最宝贵的“红色”称为鸽子血红,其价值与其他颜色的红宝石有很大的差距。
红宝石在日光灯（顶部）照耀下和在一个绿激光灯（底部）照耀下呈现出不同的情况。红宝石会产生红色荧光。
Peridot（橄榄石）
Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color, an olive green. The intensity and tint of the green, however, depends on how much iron is contained in the crystal structure, so the color of individual peridot gems can vary from yellow- to olive- to brownish-green. The most valued color is a dark olive-green.
橄榄石是为数不多的只有一种颜色的宝石，橄榄绿色。橄榄石的绿色的强度和色彩取决于包含在水晶结构中铁的含量，所以橄榄石宝石的颜色略有所不同，从黄色——橄榄色——棕绿色。其中最有价值的橄榄石是深橄榄绿色。
Sapphire（蓝宝石）
Sapphire(Greek: "blue stone") is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Trace amounts of other elements such as iron(Fe), titanium(Ti), or chromium(Cr) can give corundum blue, yellow, pink, purple, orange, or greenish color. Chromium(Cr) impurities in corundum yield a red tint, and the resultant gemstone is called a ruby.
A star sapphire is a type of sapphire that exhibits a star-like phenomenon known as asterism; red stones are known as "star rubies".
蓝宝石（来源于希腊：“蓝宝石”）是刚玉的一种，含有氧化铝（Al2O3），也含有其他微量元素，如铁（Fe）、钛（Ti）,或铬（Cr）能刚玉带来蓝色,黄色,粉色,紫色,橙色,或绿色。刚玉含有杂质铬（Cr），产生一种红色的色彩，也被称为红宝石。
星光蓝宝石是蓝宝石的一种，具有星光效应；具有星光效应的红宝石叫做“星光红宝石”。
Opal（欧泊）
Opal is the national gemstone of Australia, which produces 97% of the world's supply.
Opal's internal structure makes it diffract light; depending on the conditions in which it formed it can take on many colors. Opal ranges from clear through white, gray, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, magenta, rose, pink, slate, olive, brown, and black. Of these hues, the reds against black are the most rare, whereas white and greens are the most common.
The Flame Queen Opal is perhaps the most famous of all opals.
欧泊（蛋白石）是澳大利亚人的国石，世界上97%出产的欧泊供应给了澳大利亚。
欧泊的内部结构，使它可以衍射光彩；欧泊的颜色取决于它的形成条件，可以接收很多颜色。蛋白石的颜色范围很广，从无色到白色、灰色、红色、橙色、黄色、绿色、蓝色、洋红色、玫瑰色、粉红色、石蓝色、橄榄色、棕色和黑色。这些色彩中，红色与黑色是最罕见的，反之白色和绿色是最常见的。
火焰女王也许是最著名的欧泊。
Topaz（托帕石）
Pure topaz is colorless and transparent but is usually tinted by impurities; typical topaz is wine, yellow, pale gray, reddish-orange, or blue brown. It can also be made white, pale green, blue, gold, pink (rare), reddish-yellow or opaque to transparent/translucent.
Imperial topaz is yellow, pink (rare, if natural) or pink-orange.
Blue topaz is the US state Texas' gemstone.Naturally occurring blue topaz is quite rare.
Mystic topaz is colorless topaz which has been artificially coated giving it the desired rainbow effect.
纯的黄玉透明，但常因其中的杂质引起不透明。典型的黄玉是葡萄酒色、淡黄色、淡灰色,reddish-orange、或蓝棕色的。它也可以是白色，淡绿色，绿色,蓝色、黄金色、粉色(少量)、不透明/透明的淡黄色。
帝国黄玉是黄色,粉色(难得,如果自然色)、粉橘色。
蓝色的黄玉是美国德州的宝石。天然蓝黄玉是相当少见的。
神秘的黄玉是无色黄玉，本身带有彩虹效果。
Turquoise（绿松石）
The substance has been known by many names, but the word turquoise, which dates to the 16th century, is derived from an Old French word for "Turkish".
It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue.
这种物质已被大家所公认的名称有很多，但是这个词绿松石，来源于16世纪的一个古老的法语单词“土耳其”。
这是一种罕见的具有高价值的好等级的宝石，因其独特的色彩被作为装饰性宝石有几千年的历史。