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Learning tips
学习在线教程时，建议大家先把课文听两遍，再继续听老师的讲解,自行作笔记并完成练习
学习词汇时，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句型结构时，则要把它放在段落结构或文章里体会
Lesson 1 A puma at large
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
Language points
Pay attention: The points below are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to listen to the mp3 first and try to take notes by yourselves.
1，a puma at large
at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。2：详细的(in detail)3：总体来讲（as a whole）
2，Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
tip: 在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点。
体会课文第一二句话，乃至第一段在全文中的作用。
cat-like 像猫的，偷偷摸摸的 life-like 栩栩如生的
3，When report came into London zoo... 当伦敦动物园接到报告......
同种结构的句型：(An idea) come to sb.某人突然想到了......
4， They were not taken seriously.
take sth. seriously: deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事
take sth. lightly 草率对待某事
注意：例句的they指的是reports, 意思是：The experts did not take the reports seriously.
5, The descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事
6， Experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.
confirm: be sure, be certain
7，The search proved difficult. 这个语境中：search=hunt
8， Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
leave behind: 把某物留在后面
9， A businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.
on + 名词：强调动作正在进行
on the rise:在上升 on the increase: 在增加
on the watch: 在观看 on the match:在比赛中
on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中 on holiday: 在度假
10， The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma.
fully: completely, entirely
11，This one must have been in the possession of a private collector.
in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有
in possession of sth. 拥有某物
take possession of 拥有
tip: 请大家体会下同种意思的不同表达，让我们的语言丰富起来！
eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.
I am in possession of the beautiful car.
The person in possession of the big house is excited.
12， It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
It is disturbing to think that 一想到.........就心里不安
key structure & grammar
1. simple sentence, compound sentence and complex sentence(check NCE2 L73)
本文主要有复杂句组成，复杂句是由简单句构成的，分析复杂句的意思：
1）先看句子由几个部分组成；
2）通过link word来判断主从句关系；
e.g. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
分句1：The evident began to accumulate.
as 表示伴随主句同时发生的状态
主句：Experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate.
tip: 在阅读中，先看主句有助于全文理解和提高阅读效率。
分句2：The descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. for 表示原因，翻译做：因为
这个分句还可以再细分:句子的主干部分是：The descriptions were similar
given引导的部分是过去分词作定语，修饰description
而这一成分中，who引导的定语从句，用来修饰people
2.被动语态常用于表达事实的客观性
tip: 英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，故常用被动语态；而中文则善于运用动作的执行者,常用主动式
被动语态的特殊结构：被动语态＋现在分词
e.g. puma fur was found clinging to bushes 现在分词clinging起补充说明主语的作用
3，定语从句和同位语从句
一般来讲, 定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可把谓语动词放到从句之前。让我们来看两个文中的例子：
(1)Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
(2)Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London.
现在让我们来回顾下两种从句的区别：
(1) 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。
定语从句的引导词：
指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose
表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which
时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why
(2) 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
同位语从句的引导词：
名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which
时间 when; 地点 where
e.g. I have no idea what has happened to him.
大家学的怎么样？我们来测试一下吧
Exercises
1.choice questions
(1) What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?
a. The puma had not attacked the woman.
b. The woman had described the animal she had seen as ‘a large cat'.
c. A puma had come very close to a human being.
d. The puma had behaved like a cat.
(2) The accumulating evidence made the experts the animal was a puma.
a. to think b. thinking c. think d. thought
(3) , it immediately ran away.
a. Observing her b. On being observed c. Having been observed d. On her being observed
2.translation
（4）一想到考试失利，我心里就很不安。
（5）她突然想到也许她可以用另一种方法来做实验。
（6）她坚信丈夫会回来。
（7）我们需要找一个可靠的人。
（8）伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。
（9）熊猫是一种体形像猫的大动物，产于亚洲。
（10）However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
3.Writing
（11）Summarize the story within 3 sentences.(You can also use one complex sentence to summarize.)
Step 1 过目一下新词，先混个脸熟；推荐使用金山词霸，跟读每个发音；特别陌生的单词请在纸上拼写一下：）
New words and expressions
puma n. 美洲狮
spot v. 看出，发现
evidence n. 证据
accumulate v. 积累，积聚
oblige v. 使…感到必须
hunt n. 追猎；寻找
blackberry n. 黑莓
human being 人类
corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
trail n. 一串，一系列
print n. 印痕
cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘
convince v.使…信服
somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
disturb v. 令人不安
Step 2 把单词放课文中过一遍，课文中有不认识的单词记得摘录出来
Step 3让我们再进一步认识这些单词吧；特别注意他们的同/近义词及例句应用；推荐自己也模仿着造句：）
1.spot v. 看出，发现
英文释义
To detect or discern, especially visually; spy.
同/近义词
pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of
例句应用
A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。
来做个比较
spot(v.) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。
find 强调发现的结果。
find out 查出事实真相。
discover 做出重大发现
notice 注意到
observe 观察
watch 观察活动中的人或画面
其他常用词性
spot n. 斑点 Ex: There is a white spot on the shirt.
常用词组
on the spot
1、at once, immediately 立刻，马上
Ex: Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2、at the place of the action 在现场
Ex: Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.
2.evidence [u]n. 证据
英文释义
A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment
同义词
evidence=proof
例句应用
When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.
常用词组
in evidence 显而易见的
Ex: He was in evidence at the party.
3.accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚
英文释义
vt.To gather or pile up; amass. vi. To mount up; increase.
同/近义词的比较
1）accumulate 强调积累的过程
Ex: As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
2）gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处
3）collect v.收集，采集
4) assemble vi.集合，集会， vt. 装配
5) hoard v.大量地贮存 hoard up= store up
Ex: The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.
6) amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
4.oblige v. 使…感到必须
英文释义
To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means.
常用词组
feel obliged to do sth. 感觉有必要做某事
be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事
Ex: 1)She was obliged to go. 她不得不走。
2)The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。
5.hunt n. 追猎；寻找
英文释义
The act or sport of hunting;A diligent search or pursuit
同/近义表达的比较
run after 强调追赶、追求.
seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue
chase 追赶.
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
6.corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境 n.角落
英文释义
vt.To place or drive into a corner;vi.To come together or be situated on or at a corner;
n. The area enclosed or bounded by an angle formed in this manner
常用词组(注意介词的用法)
at the corner of the street
in the corner of the room
on the corner of the desk
be cornered 被逼得走投无路(常用于被动语态)
Ex:
1）The thief was cornered at last.
2）The problem cornered me. 这个问题把我难倒了。
7.trail n. 一串，一系列 vt.跟踪, 追踪(=follow)
英文释义
n.Something that is drawn along or follows behind; a train
vt.To follow the traces or scent of;to follow the course taken by; pursue:
其他常用词性
trail=follow vt. 跟踪
Ex: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.
8.cling (注意cling的过去式及过去分词为 clung ) vi.粘附
英文释义
vi.To hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining;To remain emotionally attached; hold on
近义词
stick 粘住 （stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的）
例句应用
She is always clinging to her mother.
He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)
9.convince vt. 使…信服
英文释义
To bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action
常用词组
convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth
be convinced that 确信， 承认（和宾语从句that 搭配使用）
sb be convinced sb相信（没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构）
10.somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
英文释义
In a way not specified, understood, or known.
近义表达
by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
区分记忆
somewhat =a little adv.稍微, 有点, 有些
11.disturb v. 令人不安
英文释义
To break up or destroy the tranquillity or settled state of；To trouble emotionally or mentally; upset
比较
disturbing 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的
若对某事/某人感到不安，就用be disturbed的结构，主语一般都是人；
如果某事或某人本身让别人觉得不安的话，就用sth./sb. is disturbing 的结构
Step 4 Fighting~再做些练习，一定要坚持：）
Exercises Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
1.After 50 years's hard work, the old man has______a large fortune.
a. done b.worked c.accumulated
2.After two days' searching in the area, the small boat was at last______.
a.spotted b.realised c.revealed
3.Can you show me any_______to prove your innocence?
a.confirm b.evident c.evidence
4.Being a full-time student, you are_______to take all the courses.
a.made b.forced c.obliged
5.A rumour about an escaped criminal_______the peacefulness of the little town.
a.finished b.disturbed c.broke
6.It is horrible to know that such a dangerous animal is ______large in the city.
a.in b.at c.for
7.By hunting, the villagers mean the hunting________foxes.
a.at b.for c.to
8. This valuable stamp is________the possession of a private Japanese collector.
a.at b.for c.in
9.Poor living conditions are what they mainly complain__________.
a.of b.with c.to
10.The White House spokesman_________that the time of the election would not be changed.
a.reformed b.convinced c.made it clear
1-5 caccb
6-10 bbcac
注释
1.After 50 years's hard work, the old man has__c.accumulated____a large fortune.
accumulate v.积聚, 堆积
2.After two days' searching in the area, the small boat was at last__a.spotted____.
be spotted:被发现
realise v.觉悟, 明白
reveal v.显示，揭露
3.Can you show me any__c.evidence_____to prove your innocence?
confirm v.确认
evident adj.明显的, 显然的
evidence n.证据，迹象
4.Being a full-time student, you are__c.obliged_____to take all the courses.
be forced into 被体力或暴力强迫做...最为普遍，通常指力量的使用，尤其是体力上，或指不允许任何替代屈从的环境的进行
be in force 生效, 有效
be obliged to 被迫做某事;obligate 适用于在法律合约或承诺或某人受正当的良心/知的支配下~施加压力做的
5.A rumour about an escaped criminal___b.disturbed____the peacefulness of the little town.
rumour n.传闻，谣言
disturb v. 扰乱 （看一下帖子中这个单词的英文解释）
6.It is horrible to know that such a dangerous animal is ___b.at___large in the city.
at large 逍遥自在的，逃逸的，未被控制的
7.By hunting, the villagers mean the hunting___b.for_____foxes.
hunt for v.搜寻
8. This valuable stamp is___c.in_____the possession of a private Japanese collector.
in the possession of 拥有, 持有
9.Poor living conditions are what they mainly complain___a.of_______.
complain of v.抱怨
10.The White House spokesman____c.made it clear_____that the time of the election would not be changed.
reform:vt. 改革, 革新,
convince:vt.使确信, 使信服
made it clear:解释,说明
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.
'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise.
' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'
'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'
'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'
'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'
Language points
Attention: The points here are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to listen to the mp3 first and try to take notes on your own.
1, Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.
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