农业词汇收集.doc

目 录
农业-------------------------------------------------------------------------2
农场牧场--------------------------------------------------------------------3
耕作-------------------------------------------------------------------------4
农机设备--------------------------------------------------------------------6
农牧产品--------------------------------------------------------------------7
2012年政府工作报告中涉及的农业问题---------------------------9

农业
land, soil
土壤
arable land, tilled land
耕地
dry soil
旱田
fertile soil
沃土,肥沃的土壤
humus
腐殖质
irrigable land
水浇地
lean soil, poor soil
贫瘠土壤
wasteland, barren land
荒地
grass
草
grassland
草地
meadow
草甸
prairie
大草原
pasture land
牧场
to lie fallow
休闲
fallow
休闲地
stubble, stubble field
亩茬地
straw, hay
稿杆
rural population
农村人口
rural exodus
农村迁徙
land reform, agrarian reform
土地改革
mechanization of farming
农业机械化
mechanized farming
机械化耕作
farm
农场
cattle farm
奶牛场
ranch
大农场,牧场
hacienda
庄园
holding
田产
plot, parcel, lot
地块
cooperative farm
合作农场
collective farm
集体农场
country, countryside
农村
countryman
农民,农民
countrywoman
农民,农妇
agronomist
农学家
latifundium, large landed estate
大农场主
farmer
农户
producer
农业工人
settle
佃户
landowner
地主,土地拥有者
absentee landlord
外居地主
smallholder, small farmer
小农
rancher
牧场主
tenant farmer, leaseholder
土地租用人
sharecropper
佃农
ploughman
农民,犁田者
farm labourers
农场工人,农业工人 (美作:farm laborers)
farm hand
农场短工
cattle farmer
牧场工人
cowherd, cowboy
牛仔
shepherd
牧人
fruit grower
果农
vinegrower
葡萄栽植者
vintager
采葡萄者
farming, husbandry
农业
animal husbandry, animal breeding
畜牧业
dairy farming
乳品业,乳牛业
horticulture
园艺
market gardening
商品蔬菜种植业
fruit growing
果树栽培
vinegrowing, viticulture
葡萄栽培
olive growing
油橄榄栽培
arboriculture
树艺学
silviculture
造林学
agricultural products, farm products
农产品
foodstuffs
食品
dairy produce, dairy products
乳制品
dairy industry
乳品加工业
crop year, farming year
农事年
season
季节
agricultural, commodities market
农业市场
livestock
牲畜

农场牧场
farmhouse
农舍
pasture
牧场
overalls
稻草人
haystacks
大干草垛
silo
筒仓
granary
谷仓
outbuildings
附属建筑
barn, shed
棚
granary, grain store
粮仓
chicken house
鸡场
windmill
磨坊
implement shed
农具房
grain silo
谷粮仓
hayloft
干草棚
stable
畜栏
litter
褥草
cowshed
牛棚
corral
围栏
dairy barn
挤奶厂
pigpen
猪圈 (美作:hog pen)
sheep pen, fold
羊圈
rabbit hutch
兔窝
hen house, henroost
鸡舍
incubator, brooder
孵卵室
laying house
产蛋室
watering trough, drinking trough
饮水器
piglet
猪仔
boar
公猪
feeding trough, feed trough
喂食器
feeding rack, manger, crib
饲槽
greenhouse, glasshouse
温室
nursery
苗圃
seedbed
苗床
threshing floor
打谷场
manure heap, dung heap
麦堆
field
田地
corn field
麦地
furrow
沟,渠
ridge
垅
clod
土块
terrace
梯田
haystack, hayrick
草垛
shock
禾捆堆
sheaf
禾捆
plantation
栽植
cabbage patch
圆白菜地
tomato patch
土豆地
vineyard
葡萄园
kitchen garden
菜园
market garden
商品菜园
orchard
果园

耕作
land tenure
土地所有制
tenancy, leasing, lease
租佃
land settlement policy
殖民政策,移民政策
land consolidation
土地集约
to cultivate, to farm
耕作
to till, to manage, to run
经营
dry farming
旱作农业
irrigated farming
浇灌农业
extensive cultivation
粗放耕作
intensive cultivation
集约耕作
crop rotation
轮作
mixed farming
多种经营
single-crop farming
单一经营
to clear
采伐
to weed
除草
to plough
犁,耕 (美作:to plow)
ploughing
耕作 (美作:plowing)
to fallow, to plough up, to turn
休闲
to loosen
松土
to dig
挖掘
to earth up
覆土
to harrow, to rake
耙
to grow
栽培
to plant
栽植
to transplant, to plant out
移植
seed
种子
to sow
播种
broadcasting, broadcast sowing
撒播
to stake
支木柱
stake
支柱
to prune
修剪,整枝
pruning
修剪,整枝
to graft
嫁接
to harvest
收获
harvest, harvesting
收获
reaping
收割
to pick
采摘
picking
采摘
to cut, to mow
刈割
cutting, mowing
刈割
to thresh
脱粒
threshing
脱粒
haymaking
割晒牧草
to bind(into sheaves)
捆,扎
to ensile, to pit
青贮
soil improvement, soil dressing
土壤改良
land reclamation
开垦荒地
irrigation ditch, irrigation channel
灌渠
manure
肥料
to manure
施肥
fertilizer
化学肥料
to fertilize
施化肥
spreading
撒布
to fumigate
熏蒸
to spray
喷射
insecticide
杀虫剂
pesticide
农药
weed killer, herbicide
除草剂
pest
农业害虫
parasite
寄生虫
locust
蝗虫
termite
白蚁
rodent
啮齿类
weeds
杂草
rust
锈病
smut
黑穗病
mildew
霉病
ergot
麦角
phylloxera
葡萄根病蚜

农机设备
shovel
铁锹
spade
铲
hoe
锄
weeding hoe
除草锄
mechanical hoe
动力锄
rake
搂草机
fork
叉子
hayfork, pitchfork
干草叉
scythe
大钐刀
sickle
镰刀
flail
连枷
billhook, brushhook
钩镰
(field)roller
滚压器
plough
犁 (美作:plow)
ridging plough, ridger
起垄犁
weeding machine
除草机
weeder, weeding hook
除草锄
weeding fork
除草叉
disc harrow
圆盘耙
clod crusher
碎土块机
tractor
拖拉机
sprinkler
喷水器,人工降雨器
manure spreader
撒肥机
fertilizer distributor
化肥撒肥机
rotovator
中耕机 (美作:cultivator)
planter
种植机
disk harrow
圆盘耙
cotton picker
摘棉机
potato harvester
马铃薯收割机
seeder, broadcaster
播种机
seed drill, drilling machine
条播机
mower
割草机
(power)mower
动力割草机
harvester, reaper
收割机
combine (harvester)
联合收割机
binder
捆束机
bale loader
装草机
harvesting machinery
收割机械
threshing machine, thresher
脱粒机
winnower, winnowing machine
风选机
sheafer
束禾机
grader, sorter
分类机,分级机
sieve
细筛
winepress
葡萄榨汁机
milking machine
挤奶机
churn
搅乳器

农牧产品
cereals, grain
谷物
coarse grain
谷粒
rye
黑麦
barley
大麦
oats
燕麦
millet
粟,黍
sorghum
高粱
bran
麸,糠
flour, meal
粗磨谷粉
wheat
小麦
maize
玉米 (美作:corn)
maize cob
玉米棒子 (美作:corn cob)
rice
稻
buckwheat
荞麦
tea
茶
coffee
咖啡
cocoa
可可树
coca
古柯
tobacco
烟草
hop
蛇麻,啤酒花
tuber crops
块茎作物
sugar beet
糖用甜菜
potato
马铃薯
sweet potato
甘薯
vegetables
蔬菜
carrot
胡萝卜
cassava, manioc
木薯
turnip
芜菁
yam
山药,薯蓣
pulses, leguminous plants
豆类植物
bean
菜豆
pea
豌豆
chick-pea
鹰嘴豆
lentil
小扁豆
soya bean
大豆 (美作:soybean)
forage plants
饲料食物
fodder grain
饲用谷物
clover
三叶草
lucern, lucerne
苜蓿 (美作:alfalfa)
textile plants
纤维植物
cotton
棉,草棉
flax
亚麻
hemp
大麻
American agave
龙舌兰
sisal
剑麻,西沙尔麻
kapok tree
木棉树
jute
黄麻
Manila hemp
马尼拉麻
raffia
酒椰
yucca
丝兰
oil plants
油料植物
sunflower
向日葵
groundnut, peanut
落花生
olive
油橄榄
olive tree
油橄榄树
sesame
芝麻
castor oil plant
蓖麻
rape seed
油菜籽
rubber tree
橡胶树
resin plant
树脂植物
mangrove
红树
fruits
水果
fruit tree
果树
grapevine
葡萄藤
grape
葡萄
turkey
火鸡
chicken
鸡
piglet
猪仔
sow
母猪
boar
公猪
sheep
绵羊
ram
公羊
ewe
母羊
lamb
羊羔
mutton
羊肉
colt
雄马驹
filly
雌马驹
horse
马
cow
奶牛
bull
公牛
calf
水牛

2012年 政府工作报告里涉及到的三农问题

（三）促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收
在工业化和城镇化发展进程中，要更加重视农业现代化。必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为各项工作的重中之重，进一步加大强农惠农富农政策力度，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
稳定发展农业生产，多渠道增加农民收入。继续开展粮食稳定增产行动，稳定粮食种植面积，着力提高单产。引导农民调整结构，扩大紧缺、优质农产品生产，支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水产品等生产。农业补贴要继续增加总量，提高标准，扩大范围，完善机制，新增补贴重点向种养大户、农民专业合作社及各种生产服务组织倾斜。
继续提高粮食最低收购价，今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每50公斤分别提高7.4元和16元。健全主产区利益补偿机制，增加粮油、生猪等重要农产品生产大县奖励补助资金。实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要，按照新的国家扶贫标准，全面做好扶贫开发工作，加大集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发力度，让扶贫对象更多地分享改革发展成果。
加快农业科技进步。农业的根本出路在科技。要大力推动农业科技创新，加大对良种繁育、疫病防控、农产品质量安全等关键技术研发和应用的支持力度。加快推进基层农技推广服务体系改革和建设，健全乡镇或区域性农业公共服务机构。完善农业技术补贴制度，促进先进适用农业技术到田到户。建好现代农业示范区，推进高产创建和标准化创建。加快农业机械化步伐。
加强农业农村基础设施建设。今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排12287亿元，比上年增加1868亿元。要搞好灌区配套改造和小型农田水利建设，大力发展节水农业，加大土地开发整理复垦力度，大规模建设旱涝保收高标准基本农田。加快中小河流治理、小型水库除险加固和山洪地质灾害综合防治。加强农村水电路气以及文化体育等基础设施建设，推进农村环境治理，加快农村危房改造，继续改善农村生产生活条件。
深化农村改革。坚持农村基本经营制度不动摇。要认真搞好土地确权登记颁证。土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权是法律赋予农民的财产权利，任何人都不能侵犯。加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务，发展适度规模经营。严格保护耕地。制定出台农村集体土地征收补偿条例。扶持发展农民专业合作社、产业化龙头企业，开展多种形式的农业社会化服务，发展农业保险，提高农业产业化、组织化程度。深化农村综合改革。推进国有农场、林场体制改革。

3. Promoting steady growth of agriculture and sustained increases in rural incomes
We need to pay even greater attention to modernizing agriculture in the course of industrialization and urbanization. We must continue to make solving problems related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all of our work; increase policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas; and consolidate and build upon achievements in the development of agriculture and rural areas.
We will steadily develop agricultural production and increase farmers' incomes by various means. We will continue to carry out activities to steadily increase grain production, keep the area of land sown to grain crops stable, and increase per-unit yields. We will guide farmers to adjust their mix of crops or livestock, and produce more farm products that are high in quality or short in supply. We will support the production of vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products. We will continue to increase agricultural subsidies, raise their standard, expand their coverage, improve mechanisms for issuing them, and direct new subsidy increases mainly to large family farms, specialized farmer cooperatives, and producer-oriented service organizations.

We will continue to raise the minimum purchase price for grain, and we will raise the average floor prices for wheat and rice by 7.4 yuan and 16 yuan per 50 kilograms, respectively. We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing major growing areas and increase rewards and subsidies to major counties that produce important agricultural products such as grain, oilseed, and hogs. We will implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program and, in accordance with the new national standards for poverty alleviation, do a good job of all poverty alleviation and development work, and step up our work in contiguous areas with particular difficulties to ensure that people in poverty share more fruits of reform and development.
We will speed up progress in agricultural science and technology. The fundamental way to develop agriculture is through science and technology. We will vigorously promote innovations in agro-science and increase support for R&D on and the application of key technologies for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. We will accelerate reform and development of the service system for spreading agricultural technology in villages, and improve public service agricultural agencies in townships, towns, and regions. We will improve the system for subsidizing agricultural technologies and encourage farmers to use advanced and appropriate agricultural technologies. We will develop modern agriculture demonstration sites, encourage farmers to grow high-yield crops, promote the standardization of farming techniques, and accelerate agricultural mechanization.
We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure. The central government plans to allocate 1.2287 trillion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, 186.8 billion yuan more than last year. With these funds we will build and upgrade water-saving facilities in irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy projects, and vigorously develop water-efficient agriculture. We will intensify efforts to develop, improve, and reclaim rural land and develop on a large scale basic farmland that meets high drought and flood resistance standards. We will take speedy steps to harness small and medium-sized rivers, reinforce small aging reservoirs, and take comprehensive measures to prevent and mitigate geological disasters caused by mountain torrents. We will continue to improve working and living conditions in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure such as water, power, and methane supply facilities, roads, and cultural and sports venues, and by cleaning up the environment and renovating dilapidated houses more quickly.
We will deepen rural reform. We will uphold the basic rural operation system. We will work diligently to determine, register, and certify land ownership. Farmers' rights to the land they contract to work on, to the land on which their houses sit, and to proceeds from collective undertakings are property rights conferred by law, and these rights must not to be violated by anyone. We will provide better supervision and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop farming operations on an appropriately large scale. We will place farmland under strict protection, and formulate and promulgate regulations concerning compensation for the expropriation of rural collective land. We will support large-scale farming by specialized farmer cooperatives and leading enterprises, encourage various sectors of society to provide services for agriculture, develop agricultural insurance, and increase commercialization and specialization in agriculture. We will deepen comprehensive rural reform. We will also reform systems for managing state-owned farms and forest farms and continue to deepen reform of tenure in collective forests.

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