Book_10_U3_重点词汇讲解.doc

Book10_U3_资源库_词汇
U3重点词汇讲解
1. weep (wept, wept)
1) vi & vt
weep for/over sb/sth
流泪；哭泣
The sight made me want to weep. 我见到这种情形真想痛哭一场。
weep for joy 喜极而泣
She wept to see him in such a state. 她一见他那种情形簌簌泪下。
weep tears of joy 流出喜悦的眼泪
2) n.
一阵哭泣
A good weep would probably make you feel better. 你痛痛快快哭上阵也许就好受些了。
[词型变化]
（指某些树）有下垂枝条的:
a weeping birch, willow, etc. 枝条下垂的桦树、垂柳

2. burst (burst, burst)
1) n.
爆炸；爆破；爆裂:
the burst of a shell, bomb 炮弹﹑炸弹的爆炸
a burst in a water-pipe 水管的破裂
短暂而巨大的努力；冲刺：
a burst of energy, speed, etc 迸发出的能量﹑速度等
某事物的突然爆发：
a burst of anger, enthusiasm, etc 怒火﹑热情等的迸发
a burst of applause 一阵欢呼.

2) vi & vt.
（使某物）爆炸; 胀破; 爆破:
If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst. 那气球再吹就要破了。
Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
(fig 比喻) I’ve eaten so much I feel ready to burst! 我吃得太多，肚子都要撑破了！

[词组]
be bursting to do sth 极欲干某事:
She was bursting to tell him the good news. 她迫不及待地要把这个好消息告诉他。
burst (sth) open （使某物）突然或猛然打开
The police burst the door open. 警察把门撞开了。
burst in enter (a room, etc) 突然进入（房间等）
The police burst in (through the door) and arrested the gang.
警察突然闯进（房门）逮捕了那帮人。
burst in on sb/sth （因突然来到）阻碍某人[某事物]
burst in on a meeting 打断会议
How dare you burst in on us without knocking! 你怎么胆敢不敲门就闯进来!
burst into sth 突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物：
The aircraft crashed and burst into flames 飞机坠毁起火。
burst into tears, song, angry speech 突然哭、唱、吵起来
trees bursting into leaf/bloom/blossom/flower 长出新叶[开花]的树木
burst into, out of, through, etc. sth 突然而猛力地向某一方向移动；从某处突然出现：
The oil burst out of the ground. 石油从地下喷发出来。
The sun burst through the clouds. 太阳突然从云端里露出来。
burst on/upon sb/sth 突然而意外地出现在某人[某物]面前：
The truth burst upon him. 他突然了解了真相。
A major new talent has burst on the literary scene. 有个惹人瞩目的新秀突然出现于文坛。 burst out (a) 突然激动地说；叫嚷：
“I hate you!” she burst out. “我讨厌你！” 她叫嚷道。
(b) 突然开始（做某事）：
burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来（笑起来/唱起来）

3. bid (bid, bid)
1) vi & vt.
Bid (sth) (for sth); (sth) (on sth)
（购物时）出价; （尤指拍卖时）喊价:
She bid 500 (for the painting). 她喊价500英镑（买这幅画）。
We had hoped to get the house but another couple was bidding against us
我们原希望买下这所房子, 但另一对夫妇不断抬价与我们竞买。
投标:
Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall.
有几家公司投标, 争取建造新音乐厅的合同。

[词型变化]
bidder n （拍卖时的）喊价者:
The house went to the highest bidder. 房子卖给了出价最高的人。

4. discriminate
Vi & vt.
discriminate between A and B ; discriminate A from B 分别, 辨别, 区分（两事物）: discriminate between two cases/one case from another
区分两件事[将一件事与另一件事区分开
discriminate against sb/in favour of sb 歧视[偏袒]（某人或某些人）:
Society still discriminates against women/in favour of men.
社会上仍然歧视女性[厚待男性]。
[词型变化]
discriminating adj.
判断力强的; 鉴别力强的; 知觉敏锐的:
discriminating taste, judgement, etc. 敏锐的鉴赏力﹑ 判断力等
She has an artist’s discriminating eye. 她具有艺术家特有的敏锐眼光。

5. additional adj.
另外的, 附加的, 额外的
We needed additional money for our trip. 我们出去旅行需要更多的钱。
[词型变化]
addition
in addition (to sb/sth) 加之; 除……之外:
In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants.
除此（名单上的名字）之外, 还有六个申请人。

6. unconscious
adj.
失去知觉的:
knock sb. unconscious 把某人打得不省人事
Be unconscious of sb/sth 不知道的; 未察觉的:
be unconscious of any change 未察觉出任何变化
无意地做出或说出的:
an unconscious slight 无意的冒犯
[词型变化]
unconsciously adv:
He unconsciously imitated his father. 他在不知不觉中仿效他的父亲。
unconsciousness n [U]
无知觉; 无意识；神志不清；不知不觉:
lapse, fall, etc into unconsciousness 昏了过去

7. rebel (rebelled, rebelled)
1) n. [c]
反叛者
a rebel in the home 家庭的叛逆者
the rebel forces 叛军
2) vi 武装反抗，选择，抵抗，强烈抗议
The peasants rebelled against being exploited too much. 农民们起义反抗受太多剥削。
Such treatment would make anyone rebel. 这样的对待会使任何人起而反抗。

8. appetite
n. [C]
慾望（尤指对食物或享乐）；食慾；胃口：
When I was ill I completely lost my appetite. 我生病时完全没有食慾。
(fig 比喻) He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫无斗志。
（对某事物的）自然的慾望：
The long walk has given me a good appetite. 走了长路使我食慾大振。
He has an amazing appetite for hard work. 他出奇地喜爱艰巨的工作。

9. slide slid, slid
1) n.
滑动，打滑
The car went into a slide on the surface. 汽车在地面上打滑。
幻灯片
Don’t you want to see my slides of Korea? 你不想看看我在朝鲜拍的幻灯片吗？
滑落，跌落，下降
There appears a slide in living standards now. 现在出现了生活水平下降的情况。
2) vt. & vi
（使）滑动
The kids were sliding on the ice. 孩子们在冰上滑行。
（使）悄悄移动，潜行
He slid out of the room when no one was looking. 他趁人没看见，偷偷溜出了房间。
（价格等）下滑，降低
When will the government take action to support the sliding pound?
政府何时会采取行动支持正在下跌的英镑？

10. trap
n.
捕动物等的器具；陷阱：
a mouse-trap 老鼠夹
caught in a trap 落入陷阱
（为擒拿或侦获某人的）计策：
The thieves were caught in a police trap. 窃贼遭警方用计擒获。
（诱人暴露自己﹑泄露秘密等的）圈套，诡计：
You fell right into my trap. 你恰恰中了我的计。
Is this question a trap? 这个问题是不是个圈套?
（难以摆脱的）困境：
For some women marriage is a trap. 对有的妇女来说, 婚姻就是一种牵绊。

vt. trapped, trapped
1. 使（某人）陷入困境：
They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。
2. trap sb (into sth/doing sth) 用计捕捉某人或使某人上当：
I was trapped into telling the police all I knew. 我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方。

11. suck
vi. & vt.
（用嘴）吸（液体或气体等）； 吮吸；啜；嘬：
suck the juice from an orange 吸橙子的汁
（指泵等）抽出（液体或气体等）：
The pump sucks air out (of the vessel) through this valve.
这台泵通过这个阀门把（容器中的）空气抽出。
plants that suck up moisture from the soil 从土壤中吸收水分的植物。
将（某物）含在嘴里：
a child that sucks its thumb 吮吸拇指的孩子
[词组]
suck away (at/on sth) 吸食或吮吸某物：
The baby sucked (away) (at its bottle) contentedly. 那婴儿舒适地嘬着（奶瓶）。
The old man was sucking at his pipe. 那老汉正在吸着烟斗。
suck sb in/into sth 将某人卷入（丑闻﹑争论等）之中（通常为不情愿者）：
I don’t want to get sucked into the row about school reform.
我不愿意牵扯到这场学制改革的争论之中。
suck sb/sth under, into, etc sth; suck sb/sth down, in, etc.（以水或气体的巨大吸力）把某人[某物]吞没：
The canoe was sucked (down) into the whirlpool. 那独木舟卷进漩涡里了。
suck up (to sb) 奉承或巴结某人；拍某人马屁：
She sucks up to him by agreeing with everything he says. 她巴结他，他说什么话她都同意。

12. Wipe vt.
Wipe sth. (on sth.); wipe sth. (down/over)
wipe the dishes 把碟子擦干
wipe one’s eye 擦干眼泪
wipe one’s hands on a towel 用毛巾擦手
wipe sth. clean/dry 把某物擦干净[干]
用（布等）擦：
wipe a damp sponge across one’s face 用湿海绵擦脸
搽（某物质）：
Wipe the lotion onto your face. 你在脸上搽些护肤液。
[词组]
擦净或擦掉某物：
wipe (away) the tears from one’s eyes 擦（掉）眼泪
wipe the writing from the blackboard 把黑板上的字擦掉
wipe (up) the spilt milk off the floor 把洒在地板上的牛奶擦乾净
wipe a recording off (a tape) 抹掉磁带上录制的内容
Wipe that smile/grin/expression off your face! 别笑[咧着嘴笑/做出那种表情]！

wipe sth. out
擦拭（盆﹑碗等）的内部：
This vase wasn’t wiped out properly before it was put away. 这个花瓶没擦乾净就收起来了。
除去或取消某事物：
wipe out one’s debt 还清债务
This year’s losses have wiped out last year’s profits. 今年亏损把去年的赢利都赔光了。
彻底消灭或摧毁某事物：
Whole villages were wiped out in the bombing raids. 整座整座的村庄都在轰炸中摧毁了。
The government is trying to wipe out drug trafficking. 政府竭力清除毒品买卖活动。
13. stain
Vi. & vt.
stain sth (with sth) 改变某物的颜色; 染污, 沾污（某物）（尤指难以清除）:
fingers stained with nicotine 被尼古丁染黄的手指
blood-stained hands 沾着血污的手
The blackberry juice stained their fingers (red). 黑莓汁把他们的手指给染（红）了。
被染污; 被沾污: Our white carpet stains easily. 我们的白地毯不耐脏。
给（木材﹑布等）染色或着色：
He stained the wood dark brown. 他把木头染成深褐色了。
玷污，败坏（某人的名声等）：
The incident stained his career. 那件小事给他的事业抹上了污斑。

n 染色剂；着色剂；染料；颜料：
How much stain should I buy for the table? 给这张桌子上色, 我得买多少颜料?
污点；污斑；污迹：
There’s an ink stain on your shirt. 你的衬衫上有一个墨水斑。
玷污（某人名声等的）事物；品德上的污点：
He left the court without a stain on his character. 他经法庭一役, 人格丝毫无损。
[词型变化]
stainless adj无污点的；无瑕疵的：
a stainless reputation 清白的名声
stainless steel 不锈钢

练习：
一、根据首字母填空。
1. The mother w______ over the death of her child.
2. The river b______ its banks and flooded the town.
3. The policeman was u______ of being followed by a man in dark.
4. Don’t spoil your a______ by eating sweets before meals.
5. I was s______ about helplessly on the ice.
6. Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people t______ inside.
7. Some foods can s______ the teeth, as of course can smoking.
8. This is the total price of your vacation! With no a______ charges.
9. He pulled a handkerchief from his pocket and w______ his nose.
10. The people r______ against the tyrant.

二、根据中文填空完成句子。
1. 然而，自20世纪80年代这种疾病突然出现之后，它就变成全球范围内的一个严重问题。
However, since the disease ______ ______ the ______ in the 1980s, it has become a serious problem round the world.
2. 为了控制这一问题，政府已经开放了实验室来监控这种疾病。2003年，它同时开始为艾滋病人提供免费的药物。
______ ______ ______ to control the problem, the government has opened labs to monitor the disease, and in 2003 it also started providing free drugs for Aids patients.
3. 国际帮助在中国的抵御艾滋病斗争中也非常重要。何大维博士投身于将先进的技术和国际注意专注中国的艾滋问题。
International help has also been very important in fighting Aids in China. Dr David Ho has ______ himself ______ ______ up-to-date technology and international ______ to China’s Aids problem.
4. 他们的祖父现在照顾他们，因为他们的母亲在怀孕的时候拿到了治疗艾滋的药品，所以他们没有从她身上染到艾滋病。
Their grandfather is now ______ ______ them, and because their mother ______ ______ ______ prescription Aids medicines when she was pregnant, they did not get HIV from her.
5. 服毒经常以试验开始的，但经常以混乱告终。
Taking drugs often begins as just an experiment, but it often ______ ______ a ______ situation.
6. 正如吸烟者可能会告诉你的那样，人们很容易对尼古丁上瘾，所以他们很难戒烟。
As smokers may tell you, people can become easily ______ ______ nicotine, which is why they have trouble quitting smoking.
7. 另外一种毒品被称为镇定剂。这种毒品会降低心率，令服毒者发困，使他们一种假的快感——尽管这种效应一段时间后会逐渐消退。
Another class of drugs is often ______ ______ ______ downers. Drugs in this class can decrease the heart rate, make users sleepy and may give users an artificial sense of pleasure—though this effect fades after a time.
8. 酒精也被归类为是一种镇定剂。尽管它是合法的，但是如果大量服用，它会损伤肝脏，带来极大的坏处。
Alcohol is also ______ ______ a downer, and although it is legal, it can damage the liver and do great harm if ______ in large ______.

三、选词语填空完成句子。
contrary to the key to rebel against be addicted to wipe away
burst on the scene be trapped in seek help from in a bid to be unconscious of

1. She says thousands of people in Germany ______ now ______ Laughter Yoga.
2. ______ help its pupils write their experiences, the school invited all the parents to work together.
3. ______ common belief social media websites such as Facebook do not weaken personal ties, and they strengthen them in unique ways form different age groups, according to a new study.
4. The novel tells the story of a teenager who his father.
5. One patient requiring a heart transplant could ______ any savings overnight.
6. Many women are ______ loveless marriages.
7. She managed to calm him down and ______ a neighbor.
8. They were so quiet that he ______ completely ______ their presence.
9. ______ solving the problem is to meet the demand made by the customs.
10. The police suddenly ______ and took control.

四、用所给词语编写短文。（至少六个）
weep, burst, discriminate, additional, rebel, appetite, slide, trap, suck, wipe, stain

参考答案
1. ①wept ②burst ③unconscious ④appetite ⑤sliding
⑥trapped ⑦stain ⑧additional ⑨wiped ⑩rebelled
2. ①burst on scene ②In a bid
③devoted to; bringing attention ④caring of; had access to
⑤ends in messy ⑥addicted to
⑦referred to as ⑧classified as; consumed; quantities
3. ①are addicted to ②In a bid to
③Contrary to ④rebels against
⑤wipe away ⑥trapped in
⑦seek help from ⑧was unconscious of
⑨The key to ⑩burst on the scene
4. Selena sucked the straw, wiped the stain off her hand and continued her story. “When I was trapped in the lift, a man beside me burst out crying and held my arm tight. I felt greatly shocked. Do you know why? He is my boss who often discriminates against women.”

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