考前板块指导.doc

2012届高三英语高考考前板块指导及考点回顾
英语考试的考前技巧
考生在英语考试之前听10分钟左右的英语磁带。如果没有可能就读10-15分钟左右的英语课文。这叫“英语热身”。这样考试时就可迅速进入英语思维。
一、具体答题技巧如下：
1：听力 :注意重点词句
1.重视试听，熟悉朗读者的语音语调、音质、语速（不一定完全听懂）。一经开考，就能迅速自然地进入状态。
2.预览问题，大胆猜测，带着问题听。
3.听时做简单记录，如数字、地名、人名。
4.学会抓住关键词语，学会预测。
5.回答概括中心的题，注意重点词(反复出现的词)，重点句(尤其是首尾句)。
6.念两遍的材料，第一遍重在听，可做简单判断，第二遍进一步判断、核查。
7.根据单词重音、句子重音、语调语速的变化判断句意。
8.比较长的对话与独白常常附了三四道题，一般是先念的先考。
2. 单项填空
要瞻前顾后
从高考情况看，单项选择的覆盖面很广，它不是孤立地考查语法知识，而是强调语言的交际功能。近年来其内容愈来愈贴近生活，因此我们同学除了复习考纲所列的词汇和语法知识，还要注意归纳英汉两种文化的差异，熟悉所学的习惯用法，提高顺应语境的能力。
1. 仔细看题干，不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后，上挂下连，首尾呼应。
2. 含两个空的题，先确定有把握的那一个。不好判断的题可采用排除法。
3.单选的重点在动词，应特别注意时态、情态动词、非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。
4.题目是疑问句，可先变为陈述句，被动的先变为主动，省略的先还原成完整结构，均有利于判断。
5.审题时要注意情感分析、交际原则，不可死扣语法规则。
在解题的过程中，我们可以根据已掌握的语法、基础知识点，揣摩出题的角度，看出测试的意图，仔细分析句子语法结构成分，找出关键词，体会上下文语境，领悟句意，采用转化，破定势思维，排除......等方法来解题
3. 完形填空
完形填空的特点
突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际 辨析词意，以实词为主
题材多为记叙文，且第一句不设空
完形填空的解题思路
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破 再读全文，反复检查
具体做法
1 .粗读全文，了解文章大意。
2.细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，是全文的窗口。
3.第一遍重在理解全文，可确定有把握的答案。
4.第二遍逐个解决时，注意后线索的现象。
5.答案不仅要在原句中合理，也要在全文中合理，要有全局观。
6.短文中的连词、代词等作用重大，不可忽略。
7.具体判断时可考虑动作顺序、时间关系、情感因素、同义词、反义词等问题。
8.重点注意名次、动词的用法、搭配与辨析。
4. 阅读理解
跳读找细节，掠读找中心
1. 先看文章再做题，先看题再读文章，两种方法各有利弊。高考时不要临时改变自己一贯熟悉的做法。
2 .最好先大概扫一眼文章，再细读全文。遇有个别词、句不明白应大胆向前看，不要频繁回读。
3. 注意文章标题，这是全文中心意思的体现。
4. 借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。扩大眼幅，争取一眼看三四个词。
5. 全文中心体现的是各段之和。干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏 概全。段落中心常与该段首句、尾句相关。
6. 猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义。事实细节确认题一定要核准原文，不可仅凭印象。
7. 推理判断题应注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为一名中学生的看法。
5. 任务型阅读
有的省份高考英语增加了任务型阅读的考查，要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表，并有一定字数的限制。
解题步骤：
三读法
1.略读—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2. 细读—带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
3.复读 —复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。
解题时要注意什么？
1.审文章提示 ①.字数的限制②.是否可以用原文中的单词。
2.审结构表达 ①.整个文章结构(大小标题）②.内容表达 短语类 句子类-----对应
3.审语法运用 ①.字母大小写②.名词的数和格③.动词的形式④.形容词副词的比较级最高级⑤. 连词，介词⑥. 时态语态，主谓一致，第三人称等
6. 书面表达
仔细审题看清要求
1. 仔细审题，看清题目要求与注意事项。
2. 确定文章类型，如是记叙文，一般用过去时；如是说明文，主要用现在时。
3. 看全内容要点，主要内容缺一不可。
4. 尽量写草稿，实在没时间也要写一个简略提纲。
5.用你见过的句型来写，不生造中国式的英文。
6.写好首句尾句，注意关联词语的使用。
7.可适当使用复杂结构和较高级的词汇， 但应以准确传达意思为第一原则。
8.书写规范，卷面整洁，切忌胡乱涂写。
7. 考场上应注意的事项：
高考如打仗，有战略上的全局安排，也有战术上的灵活机动。在考试中，有一些策略性和技巧性问题是要掌握的，即常言说的“考试经验”。一个人的考试分数主要取决于他对所学知识的掌握程度，但考试经验无疑也能对考试成绩产生很大影响。
考生在走进考场后，应尽快调适好应考心态，接着要做的事情，就是如何充分利用时间，这是临场发挥的一项重要内容。
五. 考前准备及心理调试 注意放松身心
放松身心，可以适当进行一些体育、娱乐活动，并应该坚持到临考前。
1. 适当的体育运动，比如散步、做操、慢跑等有助于心情稳定与放松，但不要做剧烈的运动，比如，不要过多时间进行体力消耗大、易产生疲劳感的篮球、羽毛球等球类运动。最好不要游泳、爬山，以免出现意外伤害。
2.　还可适当有些娱乐活动，听听自己喜欢的音乐，看看自己喜欢看的轻松的电视节目，帮助自己情绪放松。
3. 最好不要上网，不要看有强烈刺激的武打、枪战等情节的影视作品，否则容易在大脑皮层中产生兴奋，干扰复习
4. 临近高考前几天的时间，考生要调 整自己的生物钟。很多考生愿意晚上熬夜去复习，第二天他的精神状态就不够好。我们知道高考是上午考一门，下午考一门，所以你要把你最幸奋的状态调整到上午9、10点钟，下午3、4点钟这个状态。
5. 高考在即, 为了在考试中充分发挥自己的应有水平,取得好的成绩,建议考生还应该注意调整应试心态。
1、认真研究高考试卷
2、静心重温基础知识
3、确立良好心理素质
4、树立正确的考试观
5、提前进入“考生"角色
如何调整考前心理状态，是所有考生和家长普遍重视的问题。在此我们对考生提出如下建议：
1. 客观估计正确定位: 考生对自己的应试能力须有正确、客观的估计，从实际出发，确定适当的考试目标和期望值，给自己一个正确的定位，切忌好高骛远和与人攀比。
2. 优化情绪,增强自信 : 考生考前会遇到很多压力和挫折，情绪出现波动是正常的，但考生要有意识地加以控制，并及时调整，尽量使自己处于心平气和、情绪饱满的状态。
3. 通过积极的自我想象，体验过去的成功经验，以唤起自己的良好情绪，同时要学会放松，在出现紧张情绪时，采取深呼吸的方法慢慢呼气、吸气，同时放松全身肌肉。持续做3～5分钟的练习，也能缓解紧张情绪。
4. 考生可以在临考前，特别是在最后几天，每天默念几遍“我一定能考好”、“我一定能成功”等具有积极自我暗示作用的话语，来增强自信心。另外，考前几天，为了保持状态，每天还要做适量的练习，但不要再做难题.
最后预祝所有的考生在2008年的高考中取得优异成绩，金榜题名。

二、各题型时间分配：
（仅供参考）
题型
分值
时间
听力
20
20
单选
15
10
完型
20
20
阅读
30
30
任务型阅读
10
15
写作
25
25

每位考生应根据自己的具体情况匀出五分钟检查答题情况的时间。

高 考 英 语 考 点 回 顾
句型句式结构特点规律
一、When it comes to-----
1. Listening attentively in class and reviewing in time _____ a sure way to improve your learning, and this is especially true _____ it comes to standard tests.
A is , when B are, when C is, while D are, as
2. He is a man of few words, but when it comes to _________ computer, he will be excited and full of energy.
A play B playing C played D being played
答案：A B
二、With 复合结构
1. With too many construction projects ____ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot.
A sucking B to suck C being sucked D being sucking
2. None of them had expected that the middle-aged engineer died ____ his design uncompleted.
A of B without C from D with
答案：A D
三、强调句型
1. It was his nervousness in the interview, I think, ____ , probably lost his job.
A which B that C what D why
2. —What was it that you had ____ last night? It was too noisy.
--- Oh, sorry. It was the washer. I promise you it won’t happen any more.
A work B working C to work D worked
3. It was __ was a waste land ten years ago ___ a modern city has been set up on.
A which, where B where , that C what, that D that, which
4. –-How long is _____ ______ the man-made satellite _____ is made in our country to orbit the planet a round?
---48 hours, to be exact.
A. it, that it takes, which B. it , when, that
C. it ,for , that it takes D. it, that , where
5. -- _____ matters to do the job well ---what you are or where you come from?
-- Neither. It depends on whether you put your heart into it.
A which is it that B what it is that
C which it is that D what is it which
答案：BBCAA

四、As 倒装
1. _______, I have never seen anyone who is as capable as John.
A As long as I have traveled B Now that I have traveled so much
C Much as I have traveled D As I have traveled so much
2. --- Can James finish such difficult work?
--- Yes, _____ he is.
A whatever B if only a child C child as D a child even if
答案：DC
五、祈使句+and/or+主语----
1. ________ doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.
A Stopped B Stop C You stopping D Stopping
2. ______, I think, and the problems could be settled.
A If you double your efforts B So long as you keep up your spirits
C Making greater efforts D A bit more efforts
3. Someone ________ up your seat to the lady with a baby,please.
A will give B would give C gives D give
答案：BDD
六、倒装
1. _______ about the Milu deer that they decided to go to Dafeng for further research.
A So curious the couple was B So curious were the couple
C How curious the couple were D What a curious couple was
2. There was a loud explosion in the street.
_____ from the stores to see what had happened.
A Out people rushed B Out rushed people
C Rushed people out D Out did people rush
3. —How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention. [上海卷]
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
答案：BBB
七、省略
n 1. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure _______.
A than more or efficiency B and more efficiency
C and more on efficiency D than efficiency
n 2. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.[安徽卷]
A. that used to be B. it is used to
C. it was used to D. it used to be
3. In Martin Luther King’s time, the money spent in educating a black child was just one fourth of _____ on each white child.
A that spent B what has spend
C it had been D that was spent
答案：CDA
八、定语从句
n 1. The key to the success of any film is finding a capable and qualified artistic director,_______ I always hope to be.
A who B that C what D which
2. Mr. Zhang is such a considerate person __ all his colleagues like to work with.
A that B so C which D as
3. After graduation she reached a point in her career ____she needed to decide what to do. [江西卷]
A. that B. what C. which D. where
n 4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. [陕西卷]
A. which B. as C. why D. where
答案：DDDD
九、同位语从句
n 1. Chances are high _____ China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline.
A when B where C that D which
2. Have you got the message I left with your colleague ____ you’ll have to attend a meeting tomorrow afternoon?
A in which B with which C that D which
n 3. Some people are born with the belief _______ they are masters of their own while others feel ____ they are at the mercy of others.
A what ,that B that , what
C that , / D / , that
答案：CCC
十、让步状语从句
n 1. ___ of you comes across trouble, I’ll do what I can to help him.
A .Who B .Whomever C .Whichever D .Whom
2. __________ you like, you can take it away .
A .What B .Whichever C .No matter how D .However much
n 3. __________, we can overcome it .
A Whatever the difficulty is great
B However the difficulty is great
C However great the difficulty is
D No matter how the difficulty is great
n 4. _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. [重庆卷]
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
答案：CBCD
十一、独立主格结构
1. All the seats_____, we had to stand there.
A were taken B had been taken
C taken D having taken
2. Not far from the club, there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
A whose B its C which D that
3. Weather ____, we will go to the park tomorrow.
A .permitted B.permitting C .being permitted D. to permit
答案：CBB
十二、Where—地点状语从句
n 1. The price of any product is linked to a complicated system of prices ________ everything depends on everything else.
A that B which C where D when
n 2. As far as I know, there have been few cases _______ the interests and rights of Olympic sponsors have been infringed on (侵害）.
A where B that C which D on which
3. Put the books back ________ they belong after you have finished them.
A where B to where
C to which D to the place
答案：CAA
十三、It is/was +time +before/since/when
1. --- John got injured in the game.
--- Would it be at least a fortnight ____ he could recover and return to school.
A when B that C since D before
2. --- Have you got the results of the final exam?
--- Not yet. It will be a few days _____ we know the full results.
A before B after C until D when
3. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. [安徽卷]
A. after B. before C. since D. When
4.He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could recover and return to work. [江西卷]
A. when B. before C. since D .that
答案：DABB
十四、What 从句
1. ______ surprises us most is that she doesn’t even know _____ the difference between the two opinions lies.
A It , which B What , what
C What , where D That , where
2. While these different forms of greetings and customs might seem strange to you, remember ___ you consider normal probably seems equally strange to others.
A that B what C which D when
3. As is recorded in history, silkworms were first raised by a woman in _______ is today Hebei province.
A where B the place C what D which
4. The hospital has been set up in ______ was a waste land many years ago.
A which B that C where D what
答案：CBCD
十五、表达顺序
n 1. ---Would you like to join us in the game?
---No, not really. I’m not ____ any of you.
A as good player B so good a player as
C as a good player as D so a good player as
n 2. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was! [上海卷]
A. What a dangerous scene
B. What dangerous a scene
C. How a dangerous scene
D. How dangerous the scene
答案：BA
十六、倍数表达
1. As we have known from the map of the world, this is _______ .
A twice as large an island as that
B twice as larger as that island
C as twice large as that one
D twice as a large island as that
2. After the new technique was introduced the factory produced _______ cars in 1994 as the year before.
A as twice many B as many twice
C twice as many D twice as
3. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), _____, however, has _______.
A which, more than fourteen times as many people
B which, fourteen times more than many people
C what, as fourteen times as many people
D where, more than fourteen times as many people
答案：ACA
十七、非谓语动词作状语+主句
1. in the street, a terrible car accident happened, resulting in three deaths.
A While walking B Walk
C Walking D When I was walking
2. Faced with a bill for ＄10,000, _______.
A John has taken an extra job
B the boss has given John an extra job
C an extra job has been taken
D an extra job has been given to John
3. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
4. ___ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. [2007 陕西卷]
A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying
答案：DAAB
十八、can never/ can’t 与too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“无论怎样….都不过分”
1. William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking, in a word, I couldn’t speak too highly of him.
2. The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English
十九 、It +系动词+adj./ n..+ for sb. to do  (for sb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)
n It +系动词+adj.+ of sb. to do  （of sb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征）
n 1). It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.
n 2). How rude of him to treat a child like that!
n 3). It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.
二十、There is (no) need to do…../ for ….-or/ It is( not )necessary for sb. to do….
n  There is( no )hope/ chance / possibility of doing….
n   There is( no )difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay( in )doing
n  Is there any chance of us/ our winning the match?
n  There is no point in discussing the problem again.

二、完形填空应对篇章的正确答题步骤:
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意
结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 各个击破
再读全文，反复检查
（一）词语搭配
The professor begins by selecting one 1 of art. After giving us a quick backg