issue 题库翻译.doc

ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库 This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test. 1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. 当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. 要想了解一个社会最重要的特征，人们必须研究这个社会主要的城市。3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们让人们注意到一些问题，任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的。5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nations cultural traditions are preserved and generated. 结论：政府需要给社会主要城市提供财政支持，来保证其繁荣发展。原因：一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和发展。6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. 有些人认为政府对艺术的资助是有必要的，资助能够保证艺术繁荣发展，并且让所有人享受艺术。也有人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。8 Claim: In any fieldbusiness, politics, education, governmentthose in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. 结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。9 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. 任何研究领域，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响，就不可能会有意义重大的成功。10 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状，即便这些地区可以用作商业开发。11 Peoples behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 人们的行为多是被外界力量所左右，难以被自己控制。12 Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition. 对任何被大学录取但无法承担学费的学生，政府应该为他们提供免费大学教育。13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study. 大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。15 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. 教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. 有些人认为，为了保证效力，政治领袖一定要屈从民众意见，为妥协而放弃原则。也有人认为，有效力的领导者一定具备持续坚定自己原则和目标的能力。17 Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放思维和精神。18 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. 当很多人都质疑权威时，社会才会繁荣昌盛。19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. 政府应该把更多的精力放在解决当务之急上，而不是试图解决未来预期问题上。20 Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 有些人认为大学生应该根据自己的才能和兴趣选择研究领域。也有人认为大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。21 Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places. 法律应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。22 Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a societys highest ideals. 结论：了解一个社会特点的最好方法是，考察这个社会标榜的英雄人物和模范榜样的特点。原因：英雄人物和模范榜样揭示了一个社会的最高理念。23 Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. 政府应该尽量不去限制科学研究和发展。24 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。25 Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students. 政府应该为所有的学生提供免费的大学教育。26 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals. 现代生活的奢华和便利，让人们无法成为真正强大、独立的个体。27 In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现。28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people. 一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。29 The best way to teachwhether as an educator, employer, or parentis to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 无论是教育工作者、雇主，还是父母，教育的最佳方法是是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。30 Teachers salaries should be based on their students academic performance.教师的薪水应该基于学生的学业成绩。31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. 社会应该努力拯救濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。32 College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 大学生应该选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。33 As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. 当人们获得越来越多的知识时，事情非但没有变得更加透彻，反而更加复杂神秘。34 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view. 在任何情况下，持有不同意见的人讨论过程中才会有进步。35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。36 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. 政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究。37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents. 社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。38 It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 我们主要通过认同社会群体来定位自己。39 College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. 应该鼓励大学生选择自己感兴趣的课程，而不是那些容易找到工作的课程。40 Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. 结论：在编制教学课程时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣和建议。原因：当学生对所学的内容感兴趣时，他们学习的动力更强。41 The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries. 个人的伟大是由后来人评判，不是由同时代的人来评判。42 Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 学生应该质疑所学的知识，而不是被动的接受。43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 如今节奏日益加快的生活解决的问题，远不及带来的麻烦。44 Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. 结论：当今任何社会已经不再可能将任何在世的人标榜为英雄人物。原因：任何人遭受媒体的监察，必定会声名扫地。45 Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. 追求高分数严重地限制各阶段的学习质量。46 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study. 大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。47 Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them. 教育工作者应该发掘学生对课程的需求，并满足他们。48 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. 学生应该先学习有助于解释知识的理念、趋势和概念后，教育工作者再教学生知识。49 Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.结论：相比意见不同的人来说，通常，我们从意见相同的人那里学的更多。原因：意见不统一会导致压力，阻碍学习。50 Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. 政府官员应该依靠自己的判断做决定，而不是不假思索地遵从大众的意愿。51 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. 应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。52 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。53 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. 只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的。54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. 为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。55 In order for any work of artfor example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a songto have merit, it must be understandable to most people. 若是任何艺术作品（例如，电影、文学、雕塑或者歌曲）存在价值，都必须易于大多数人理解。56 Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another. 很多重要的发现或创造都是偶然的：通常，人们为一个问题寻求答案时，通常获得其他问题的答案。57 The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. 研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想：现代人和历史上的人有很大不同。58 Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone. 从根本上讲，教育是个人的事情。学校不可能单方面激励学生。59 Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. 科学家和科研人员应该研究更容易造福大众的领域。60 Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals. 政治家应该寻求共同点和理性的一致，而不是深奥的理想。61 People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences. 人们在从事危险活动之前应该认真地考虑一下后果。62 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them. 领导者主要是由身负的责任所造就的。63 There is little justification for society to make extraordinary effortsespecially at a great cost in money and jobsto save endangered animal or plant species. 特别是考虑到花费代价和精力，对于任何社会，投入巨大的努力拯救濒危的动植物是不合理的。64 The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. 人类智慧终将优于机器，因为机器只是人类智慧的工具。65 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. 每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，违抗不公平的法律。66 People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it. 对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。67 Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. 有些人认为，社会应该拯救所有濒危的动植物，尽管花费人类的精力、时间和资金。也有人认为，社会没有必要拯救濒危物种，特别是需要花费大量的资金和精力。68 Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 有些人认为教育的目的是解放思维和精神。也有人认为正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放它们。69 Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.有些人认为政治领导向大众隐瞒信息是有必要的，甚至是有益的。也有人认为公众有知情权利。70 Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated. 结论：大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途径是获得各种学科知识。71 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. 应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。72 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. 政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究。73 Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. 学院和大学应该要求所有的教员拿出时间，参与学术界以外与教学科目相关的领域工作。74 Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. 了解过去不能帮助人们在现在做重要的决定。75 In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. 在这个媒体无孔不入的时代，当今任何社会已经不再可能将任何在世的人标榜为英雄人物。76 We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. 相比意见不同的人来说，通常，我们从意见相同的人那里学的更多。77 The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth. 了解当代文化最有效的方式是分析当代年轻人的潮流。78 Peoples attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole. 人们的态度更多是由即时环境决定，而不是社会整体环境。79 Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea. 结论：最能说明辩论效果的是，让持有相反观点的人信服。原因：面对疑问和他人相反的观点，只有一个人为某观点辩护时，他才能发现某观点的价值所在。80 Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. 当有公民为饥饿和失业所困时，政府需要中止对艺术的资助。81 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their childrens schools. 所有的家长都必须无偿地为子女的学校花费时间。82 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign c