牛津英语7B-Unit1知识点讲解.doc

牛津英语7B Unit 讲解
Unit1 Dream homes
词汇：dream，favourite，capital，chat, rain, busy, share, friendly, grow, call, different, own, no
短语：would like，look out，can’t wait to do sth. ,at least
语法：方位介词，基数词，序数词

重点词汇解析
1. dream
形容词：理想的，梦想中的
The beautiful garden is a dream place for children to play.
名词：梦想，梦
My dream is to become a singer when I grow up.
动词：做梦
Do you often dream?
dream of 梦想，渴望
dream to do sth。梦想做某事
dream about 梦见，设想，考虑
2. look
系动词look +形容词，如：look beautiful
不及物动词 相关短语:
look for 寻找 look at 看 look on 观看 look like 看起来像 look up 向上看，查询 look after照顾 look into朝。。。看 look back on。。。回顾。。。look forward to 。。。期盼
look around 环顾四周 look down on 瞧不起 look up and down 上下打量
look out 小心
3. busy
形容词：忙碌的
The traffic is very busy at this time every day.
Be busy with sth.忙于某事
Be busy in doing sth。 忙于做某事
名词形式：business 商业，生意，贸易
We got a lot of support from the local businesses.
4. share
及物动词：分享，合用
Good friends can share the joys and sorrows。好朋友能同甘共苦。
Share sth. with sb.
The doctors are busy with their work。
Mrs. Green is busy cooking in the kitchen.
5. call
动词：称呼
Call me Mary，please。
A dog called Eddie.
1. 方位介词（Prepositions of place）
1) 常用的方位介词（词组）
成反义词：above---below, over---under, inside---outside, in front of---behind
有关联的：above---over---on, below---under, beside---next to, at---in,
between---among
其他：opposite
2) 使用时的注意点
A. 方位介词在句子中的位置
The book is under the desk. （be动词的后面）
He is standing between the two trees.（实义动词的后面）
Do you know the man in front of the classroom?（放在名词后面修饰它）
He lives in an old house in the center of the city.（作为整句话的状语）
B. above和below，over和under
这两组反义词的前者都表示“在上方”，后者都表示“在下方”。
There are some bridges over the river. What’s under the bed? An old shoe.
The shelf is above the top bunk bed. She lives two floors below Linda.
C. above, over和on
这三个词都表示“在上面”，on是指和物体有接触，over是指在正上方，没有接触面，above也是没有接触面，正上方或斜上方，但现在可代替over，如：
The wooden house is over / above the river. The bag is on the table.
There is a plane flying above our heads.
D. at和in
这两个词常用在arrive后面，at后加小地点，in后加大地点，如：
He arrived at the airport at 4 p.m. We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning.
E. between和among
between是指在两者之间，常用词组between…and…，而among是在三者或三者以上之间，如：
I sit between Lily and Lucy.
Mr. Li likes staying among his students.（注：英语中的复数名词，没有特别指出是两个，都默认为三者或三者以上）
F. opposite：在对面 如：Our school is opposite a park.

2. 基数词（Cardinal numbers）
表示数目的数词是基数词。
1) 基数词的构成
A. 两位数：十位数与个位数之间加连字符。如：23 twenty-three
B. 三位数：百位数与最后两位数加and（美语省略and）。
如：201 two hundred and one 642 six hundred and forty-two
C. 四位数：thousand之后加逗号，后面依照以上原则。
如：1,351 one thousand, three hundred and fifty-one
D. 表示万以上的数目，将数字由右向左每三位加一个逗号，使一个数字分成几个小节，称为thousand节，million节等，然后按节处理，如：
68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three
13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred twenty-six thousand, three hundred
▲英语中没有直接的单词来表示“万”和“亿”，如：
一万 10,000 ten thousand 两万 20,000 twenty thousand
十万 100,000 one hundred thousand 三十万 300,000 three hundred thousand
一千万 10,000,000 ten million 两千万 20,000,000 twenty million
一亿 100,000,000 one hundred million
▲表示十亿，美国用one billion，英国用one thousand million
2)基数词的运用
A. 表示确切数目时，hundred，thousand和million只能用单数，不能变复数；但表示不确定的数目时，要用复数形式。如：
five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千 hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的
B. 表示时间：7:30 seven thirty
C. 表示年代：in the 1980s（读作nineteen eighties）在二十世纪八十年代
2005（读作two thousand and five）
D. 表示不确定的年龄：in his twenties 在他二十几岁时

3. 序数词（Ordinal numbers）
表示人或物的顺序的数词是序数词。
1) 序数词的构成
一二三，特殊记， （first，second，third）
加th从四起； (从四开始所有的序数词都是以th结尾的。)
八少t，九少e； (eight去t加th变成eighth，nine去e加上th变成 ninth)
逢五与十二，f替ve ； (five，twelve中ve变为f再加th，就成为fifth，twelfth)
二十到九十，y变ie； （20~90等十位整数的基数词都是以y结尾的，
变成序数词时要变y为ie,再加th。例如：twentieth，thirtieth等。）
若是几十几，前基后序要牢记。（这些词的序数词写法是：十位数保持基数词不变，个位数改成序数词，如：twenty-first, ninety-fifth.）
▲百位数的序数词：百位数用基数词＋后面十位数或个位数的序数词，如：
第二百二十 two hundred and twentieth 第二百零三 two hundred and third
▲序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成，如：
two hundred and twentieth --- 220th two hundred and third --- 203rd
▲第九 ninth 十九 nineteen 第十九 nineteenth
九十 ninety 第九十 ninetieth
第四 fourth 十四 fourteen 第十四 fourteenth
四十 forty 第四十 fortieth
2）序数词的用法
A. 表示日期，如：March 18th, 1978 或 18th March, 1978
B. 表示编号或顺序，如：the sixth lesson = Lesson Six
C. 前面一般加定冠词the，如：He is the first student to get to the school every day.
▲ 如果序数词前面有形容词性物主代词，可以不加the，如：
It was his fifth bowl of rice for lunch.
D. 有时还可以作副词用，如：I finished the homework first in my class today.

练习
1.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. His house is quite different from ___________(I)
2. Early morning on Christmas Day ,children can’t wait _________(see) their gifts.
3. Spring is coming. It’s the best time ___________(grow) trees.
4. Would you like ___________(share) the room with your sister.
5. –Who’s calling,please?
-This is WngbBing_____________(speak).

2.用适当的介词填空
1.Mrs White arrived __________her office________ eight o’clock yesterday.
2.There is a new bridge________ the river.
3.He left __________a cold winter night.
4.It’s so cold. The temperature is ________10℃
5.Do you know the difference________ American English and British English?

3.数词专练
( ) 1. This is a big class , and ___________ of the students are girls .
A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three
2. The population of the world is about six ___________ ( billion )
3. Tomorrow we are going to study the ___________ ( five ) lesson .
( ) 4. _______ girls took part in the Super Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded .
A. One million of B. Thousands and millions C. Millions of D. Two millions
( ) 5. During the Seven-day May Day holiday , ________ families went shopping .
A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousands and thousands D. thousands of
( ) 6. In our class , _________ of the students are girls .
A. three fifths B. three fifth C. third five D. third fifths
( ) 7. There are ________ people in my family .
We live on the ________ floor in a tall building .
A. five , six B. fifth , sixth C. fifth , six D. five , sixth
( ) 8. Time is not enough for so much work . __________ people are needed , I think
A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others
( ) 9. The ________ man on the left is Beckham , a famous football player .
A. two B. second C. three D. one
( ) 10. ---What’s one plus one ? ---- It’s ____________ .
A. one B. two C. four D. three
( ) 11. Although I failed four times , my father encouraged me to have a _________ try .
A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth
( ) 12. About _________ of the doctors in the hospital are women .
A. third B. three fifths C. third fifth D. three fifth
( ) 13. There are seven __________ workers in this factory .
A. hundreds and twenty-two B. hundreds and twenty two
C. hundred and twenty two D. hundred and twenty-two
( ) 14. They have built _________ new houses in their town .
A. hundred B. hundreds C. two hundreds D. hundreds of
( ) 15. Please look at ________ line on page 50.
A. the five B. the fifth C. five D. fifths
( ) 16. My brother studies at _________ Middle school .
A. 10 No . B. No. 10 the C. No . 10 a D. the No. 10
( ) 17. Now , boys and girls , let’s read _________ .
A. Lesson Eight B. Eight lesson
C. The Lesson Eight D. Eight Lesson
( ) 18. In our city , ________ middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future .
A. thousand B. thousand of C. thousands of D. two thousand of
( ) 19. --- Excuse me , Where is Mr. Green’s office ? ---- It’s on _________ floor
A. seven B. the seven C. the seventh D. seventh
( ) 20. --- Come and see me in ___________ .
---- With pleasure . That’s what I’m expecting .
A. two or three days’ B. two or three days’s time C. two or three day’s time
( ) 21. The man is ________ , but he looks young .
A. in his fifty B. in his fifties C. at his fifty D. at his fifties
( ) 22. June is the ______ month of a year .
A. six B. sixth C. sixes D. seven
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