虚拟语气(表格整理).doc

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）
1. if（条件状语从句）

从句谓语（if）
主句谓语形式
例句

与现在事实相反

did/were
would/could/should/might+do
If I were you,I should study English.

与过去事实相反

had done
would/could/should/might+have done
If you had taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.

与将来事实相反
①did
②should do
③were to do
would/could/should/might+do
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
错综时间条件句

主、从句时间不一致，动词形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
eg.：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.

条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况

“were,had,should + 主语”放句首（否定词not不能放前面）。
eg.:①Were I in school again，I would work harder.
②Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.
③Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.
注意：Were it not for the expense,I would go to Italy.(√）
Weren’t it for the expense,I would go to Italy.(×）

含蓄条件从句（省略if，用其他词代替）

常用词：①介词：with,without,but for(要不是，如果没有）；②连词：or,but；③副词：otherwise.
eg.:①Without air, there would be no living things.
②But for your help,I couldn’t have finished it in advance.
③I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would had taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadn’t been ill that day,I would had...

2. wish（宾语从句）/if only(要是……就好了）

从句谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反

did/were

①I wish it were spring all the year round.
②If only I were a bird!

与过去事实相反

had done
①Jack drove fast and was in an accident. He said, “I wish I had driven more carefully!”.
②If only I had taken his advice.
与将来事实相反

would/could/might do
I wish you could go with us tomorrow.

3. would rather + 从句（表示宁愿某人在现在或将来要做某事或过去做过某事）

从句谓语形式
例句
与现在或将来事实相反
did/were
I would rather you came tomorrow.
与过去事实相反
had done
I’d rather you hadn’t been present.
4. as if/as though,even if/though + 从句

从句谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反
did/were
He looked as if he were an artist.
had done
与过去事实相反

He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.
与将来事实相反

would/could/might do
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
eg.:He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
eg.:The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.

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5.在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”。

Verb.
注意
一个“坚持”
insist
1. eg:She proposed that the book (should) be banned.
她提议查禁这本书。
2. insist作“立言；强调”时，不能用虚拟语气；
作“坚持（认为）；坚持（应该）”时用虚拟语气。
·Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
迈克强调他没有偷任何东西。
·He insisted that he (should) come. 他执意要她来。
3. suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，用陈述语气；
表示“建议”时，用虚拟语气。
·Her expression suggested (表明）that she told a lie.
两个“命令”

order
command

三个“建议”
suggest
advice
propose
四个“要求”

ask
demand
request
require

6. 虚拟语气用于主语从句
It is (was) + adj.（或过去分词）+that+sb/sth (should) do
常用的形容词
natural，necessary，important，possible，strange
例句
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
过去分词

suggested，ordered，demanded，required，requested，proposed,advised,decided
例句
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is (was) + 名词 + that + sb/sth (should) do

常用的名词
advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal,recommendation(推荐；建议），suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder
例句
It was a pity that you should be so careless.
7. 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句 [用（should)+动词原形]
常用名词
Idea,proposal,suggestion,order,plan,decision,advice,desire
表语从句
Our plan is that we (should) have a sports meet next week.
同位语从句

The professor gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.

8. 虚拟语气用于定语从句
这种从句常用在It is (high) time (that)...句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should + 动词原形（should不能省略，be用were来表示），意为“（现在）该……”。
谓语动词用过去式
It is high time we were going.我们现在就走。
should(不能省）+ do
It is (high) time wu should leave.是我们离开的时候了。

【好题珍藏】
1. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. （Pano M6 P16:15)
A. lives B.would live C.has lived D.were to live
【解析】主句说明了客观事实，if从句是对将来事实的假设。见“1.if（条件状语从句）——与将来事实相反”。
【答案】D

2.If Mr.Dewey present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. （Pano M6 P16:16)
A.were B.had been C.should be D.was
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——与过去事实相反”。
【答案】B

3. no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. （Pano M6 P16:17)
A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况”。
补充完整是：If there were no modern telecommunications，...
【答案】A

4. We would rather our daughter at home with us, but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. （Pano M6 P16:18)
A. would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay
【解析】见“3.would rather + 从句——与现在或将来事实相反”。
【答案】C

5. If I (work) hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.（M6 P33:II.1)
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——错综时间条件句”。 【答案】had worked
6.---Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely.
---I wish they always late. （Pano M6 P16:20)
A.weren’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.wouldn’t have been
【解析】见“2.wish（宾语从句）——与现在事实相反”。
【答案】A

7.Without the Internet, life (be) quite different nowadays.
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——含蓄条件从句（省略if，用其他词代替）”。
【答案】would be

8.Without your help,we would not (make) such rapid prgress.
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——含蓄条件从句（省略if，用其他词代替）”。
【答案】have made

9.If only I (arrive) in time! （Pano M6 P31:I.7)
【解析】见“2.if only(要是……就好了)——与过去事实相反”。
【答案】had arrived

10.I wasn’t there.Otherwise I would (trap) in the fire,too.
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——含蓄条件从句（省略if，用其他词代替）”。
【答案】have been trapped

11.Thank you so much!But for your text message, I home without my ID card this morning. （Pano M6 P33:14)
A.would have left B.would leave C.had left D.left
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——含蓄条件从句（省略if，用其他词代替）”。
【答案】A

12.The prices have been rising all the time,especially that of housing.So it is high time the government action to solve it. （Pano M6 P33:15)
A. takes B.has taken C.took D.to take
【解析】见“8.虚拟语气用于定语从句”。
【答案】C

13.To make the most of your time,live every moment as if it you last.
A.is B.would be C.were D.has been （Pano M6 P33:17)
【解析】见“5.as if/as though,even if/though + 从句”。
【答案】C

14. a little earlier,you could have got a copy of his latest book.
A. If you would arrive B.If you arrived C.Should you arrive D.Had you arrived
【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况”。
【答案】D