笔记符号PPT课件.ppt

：大于，高过，高于;surpass,exceed,more than,superior to :小于,少于，低于；less than,inferior to:小于或等于 :大于或等于 =:等于、意味着,相同，一致，公平；the same as;equal to;similar to :不等于 :大约，大概；about,almost,nearly +:另外，多;plus,add,moreover,besides _:减去，除去，除了；minus,deduct,except,:在之中，在之内；among,within,=:结论是,导致；lead to,result in,the conclusion is,常见速 记符号1.:因为,由于，幸亏；because,dueto,thanksto,:所以,因此，结果是；so,therefore,consequently:属于;belongto,:错误、否、不、否定,不好的，负面的；wrong,mistake,bad,notorious,negative:正确、对、好、肯定,积极的；correct,good,positive,affirmative,常见速 记符号2.：看说想，评论；speak,express,think,？:问题、疑问,疑惑；question,problem,puzzle,confused,mystery,inquiry,interrogate,bewildered!:危险，警告，当心，值得注意的是；1）dangerous,warning,alarming,alert,hazardous,perilous,jeopardy,watchout2)sure,certainly,ofcourse,：信息，消息，情报；information,message,intelligence常见速 记符号3.：删除，废除，放弃；delete,discard,give up,：贸易，交流，交换，关于关联，替代；替换为;trade,exchange,communication,relationship:强调；underliningacertainword/phrasetoaddtothemoodofspeech,indicating“emphasize”e.g.:例如，比如,forexample,suchas,常见速 记符号4.：高兴，激动；happy,pleased,excited:失望，不满意，生气；unhappy,unsatisfied,angry:会议、会面;conference,symposium,convention,session,forum,seminar,council,congress,meeting,assembly,gathering,committee,commission,association,union,senate,parliament,convocation,常见速 记符号5.文：学校，大学，教育机构；school,educationalinstitution,college,+:医院，医疗机构；hospital,medicalinstitution,:全部的，整个的，所有的，完整的，彻底的；complete,whole.:目标，目的；aim,objective,target,:看到，注意到；see,notice,watch,:重视，强调；pay attention to,highlight,常见速 记符号6.:国家,民族；nation,state,republic,kingdom,federal,union,:领导，顶点，顶级；1）top,head,tip,peak,uttermost,maximum,climax,supreme,crown,2)leader,head，director,chancellor,boss,manager,officer,captain,king,queen,emperor,empress,majesty,dictator,ruler,commander,governor,mayor,administrator,supervisor,monitor,minister,:国家领导人，政府首脑；stateleader,常见速 记符号7.:出口；export,:进口；import,:城市，都市；city,urban,metropolitan,cosmopolitan,:农村，乡村；village,rural,country,countryside,farm,suburb,outskirt,:优秀的，杰出的，重要的；重点，重心，重视 1）important,significant,key,crucial,meaningful,essential,decisive,eventful,influential,substantial,consequential,2)outstanding,distinguished,marked,remarkable,notable,excellent,perfect,eminent,famous,well-known,well-recognized,great,prominent,prestigious,extraordinary,glorious,noteworthy,grand,magnificent,3)wonderful,terrific,fantastic,fabulous,marvelous,4)chief,primary,main,major,dominant,overwhelming,most,5)emphasize,stress,focus,underscore,underline,accentuate,highlight,attach great importance to,lay stress on,pay attention to,常见速 记符号8.*:特征，特点，代表1）feature,character,characteristic,symbol,sigh,quality,nature,mark,2)represent,symbolize,exemplify,typify,embody,onbehalfof,standfor,:女性，woman,female,:男性，man,male,V:胜利,凯旋；victory,triumph,常见速 记符号9.$:美元，钱；有钱的，富裕的；dollar,money,rich,well-off;U:协议，决议，合约，条约;agreement,treaty,contract,covenant,compact,conventionresolution,X:结束，停止，完成，实现；halt,stop,complete,常见速 记符号10.:渠道；channel,tunnel,tube,pipe,ditch,O:发展；development,advancement,:将来;in(the)future,:过去；inthepast,longbefore,pasttime,:影响，效果，压力，负担；1）influence,effect,affect,impact,2)pressure,stress,burden,load,.常见速 记符号11.:和、与;and,with,togetherwith,alongwith,/:一方面;ontheonehand,oneside,/:另一方面ontheotherhand,theotherside,/:关系;relation,relationship,link,:导致、结果:result,resultin,leadto,:对立、冲突；clash,conflict,:波折;zigzag,upanddown,twists,常见速 记符号12.:进入接触;enter,entry,contact,touch,:交往,交流;exchange,communication,:有关;concerned,withregardto,:分歧;dispute,disagreement替换为；但是：与比较而言：空洞：上一个台阶：下一个台阶常见速 记符号13.：邀请，需要，访问，来到；(be)invited,needed,come(here),:去，到，走；to,go(there),:增加，提升，提高，升级，升值；increase,improve,enhance,grow,advance,heighten,lift,rise,raise,elevate,promote,escalate,update,exalt,boost,nourish,goup,climbup,standup,bringup,giveboostto,:减少，下降，降低，贬值；decline,decrease,reduce,drop,fall,descend,sink,weaken,devalue,degrade,lower,depress,depreciate,diminish,cutdown,godown,falloff,常见速 记符号14.y:年，yearM:月，monthw:周，weekh:小时，hourm:分钟，minutes:秒钟，secondd:日子，今天；day,today.2y:两年以前，twoyearsagob:但是，butc:世纪，centurye:经济，economy,economics常见速 记符号15.f:金融，finance,financial,financiallyg:政府，governmentn：很多个，many,much,severalp:政党，政治，政权，politics,policy,regime,partyr:改革；reform,change,revolutions:科学，社会；science,scientific,society,socialt:想，认为；think,consider,regard,ponder,conceive,perceive,suppose,mediate,imagine,deliberate,speculate,contemplatev:胜利，成功；victory,triumph,success,achievement常见速 记符号16.al:尽管；althoughbz:商业；businessco:公司；companycom:社团；communicationedu:教育；educationeg:例子fz:财政；financeinfo:信息，消息；informationinfra:基础建设；infrastructurenz:新闻；newstr:贸易；trade常见速 记符号17.tx:税收；tax,taxationag:农业；agriculturerec:娱乐；recreationgym:体育馆；gymnasiumcongrats:恭喜;congratulationsgrad:毕业生；graduatesdoc:医生；doctordemo:示范，表演；demonstration常见速 记符号18.其它缩略词cp(compare),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),常见速 记符号19.其它缩略词S=sumf=frequencydept=departmentpol=politicsdem=democracylib=liberalcap=capitalism常见速 记符号20.其它缩略词pres=presentationsubj=subjectind=individualcons=conservativeassoc=associatebiol=biologyinfo=informationach=achievementchem=chemistryintro=introductionconc=concentrationrep=repetition常见速 记符号21.其它缩略词ppd=preparedprblm=problemestmt=estimatebkgd=backgroundgvt=government.amt=amountcontd=continuedgovt=governmenteducatl=educational常见速 记符号22.其它:at2:to4:for&:andw/:withw/o:withoutvs:against常见速 记符号23.其它THOThoughTKSThanksTRDTradeTRFTrafficTTLTotalUYouURYourWKWeekWLWillWTWeightXLExtralarge常见速 记符号24.笔记法四大原则1.分心原则：三分记，七分听，一心多用。2.借用原则：前面出现过的要点，后面可用箭头借用。3.简化原则：笔记不必记下所有的信息点，要进行简化，记录要点。4.取舍原则：记录要点要有主次之分，进行取舍。一般记录的重点为名词，便于信息的复原。25.笔记注意事项1.每次做完一段在底下画一道横线，便于与下一段进行区分。2.每个意群画个斜线，符号占斜线的三分之一长。3.每行记三到四个意群，一个分句后或一排空间不够时就换行。4.换行后若两句之间又有逻辑联系，使用连接符，箭头指向核心处。26.